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Articles on Border disputes

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Border conflicts, spanning different time periods and places, are behind many of the big international disputes today. picture alliance via Getty Images

This course examines how conflicts arise over borders

Religious, racial and class-based differences often get politicized.
The scene in Srinagar, in Indian-administered Kashmir, after an Aug. 10, 2021, grenade attack by militants that wounded at least nine civilians. Kashmir has experienced sporadic violence for more than seven decades, including three wars. Yawar Nazir/Getty Images

India and Pakistan fought 3 wars over Kashmir - here’s why international law falls short to solve this territorial dispute

Kashmir has been in conflict since 1947, despite repeated UN and US interventions. An expert in security studies explains why international law has failed to keep the peace.
Soldiers patrol the mountainous, disputed border between Armenia and Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, on Nov. 8. Stanislav Krasilnikov\TASS via Getty Images

Genocide claims in Nagorno-Karabakh make peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan unlikely, despite cease-fire

Each side in the bloody Nagorno-Karabakh conflict accuses the other of war crimes. Such allegations attract foreign attention and possibly intervention, but rarely lead to a peaceful solution.
Indian soldiers arrive at the wreckage of an an Indian helicopter that crashed on the Indian side of Kashmir on Feb. 27, 2019. AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan

Kashmir conflict is not just a border dispute between India and Pakistan

India and Pakistan have been fighting for control over Kashmir, an 86,000-square-mile territory in the Himalayas, for seven decades. But the people of Kashmir have their own political goals too.
Development is peaking in the high country between India and China. Vinay Vaars/Wikimedia Commons

China and India’s border dispute is a slow-moving environmental disaster

For decades, China and India have clashed over their disputed Himalayan border. This clash is also playing out via a development boom that threatens the health of one of the world’s biggest river catchments.
A wooden boat sails on the Congo river against the backdrop the Democratic Republic of Congo’s capital Kinshasa. The river flows through both the DRC and Republic of Congo which are in dispute over territory. Reuters/Katrina Manson

Africa’s border disputes are set to rise – but there are ways to stop them

Africa has had border disputes through the millennia. But the continent has its own peculiar problems, most because of colonialism. Luckily, there are examples of good practice to deal with problems.

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