Uncle Sam’s military presence in Australia is greater now than ever, and more is on the way. The hundreds of Marines rotational in Darwin since April will grow to 2,500 by 2016, bringing with them more ships, aircrafts and deadly weapons (e.g. cluster bombs).
This builds upon America’s most important surveillance station Pine Gap that taps into communication from Asia to Middle East, and Talisman Sabre, an all-out US-Australia biennial joint military training event at the foot of the Great Barrier Reef ongoing since 2007.
Future plans in a Center for Strategic and International (CSIS) report submitted to the US Congress in July include the basing of a US nuclear powered navy carrier group in HMAS Stirling Harbour (Western Australia) and a “drone” base on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
Without knowing, Australia could become a new US “keystone of the Pacific”: a name given to Okinawa – a Japanese territory and a US legacy base won in World War II, located northeast of Taiwan.
What is the purpose of the US military presence in Australia, and what does it mean for people on the ground? Until now, most public debate has focused on the first question; whether the presence will be good for Australia, especially that it may be harmful for our relations with China.
Not much is said about how it will impact local people. On this subject, we can learn much from the people’s dealings with the US military presence (especially Marines) on Okinawa. For decades, even when they threaten the right to autonomy and a peaceful existence of the hosting community, the US military’s extraterritorial privileges have given first priority to protecting their personnel and ability to conduct operations.
I have studied the Okinawan people’s protest, documented in a book Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa.
It is all in the details – in Okinawa if you’re hit by a motor vehicle driven by US military personnel on civilian roads you are not protected by local traffic laws or insurance schemes. The Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) exempts on-duty US military members from application of local criminal or civil jurisdiction. In October 2012, a local woman in central Okinawa was raped by two US navy soldiers on her way home from work.
In November, violating the post-rape curfew imposed on the US military members, a drunken Kadena Air Force serviceman trespassed into the family flat assaulting a 13-year-old boy, following this a US Marine officer found in a local residence sleeping after drinking.
There are countless other cases where perpetrators were dealt with exclusively by the US military, out of reach of Japanese authorities. In some cases that meant escape back to the US, with their fate unknown to the victims and their families. It is after these seemingly mundane daily incidents that locals come to realise they are living in a US military colony.
Due to the SOFA privileges that often allows US military perpetrators to escape local law and order, rape in Okinawa by US military members transcends the individuals’ traumatic experience, becoming a political outrage. The lesson for Australia is this: even if US military training and operations cause fatal harm to the locals, the US is not responsible.

What does this mean for Australia? Australia also has a SOFA with the US, written in 1963: according to Article 8, “US military authorities” has primary jurisdiction over offences in Australia committed during “official duty” (leaving room for arbitrary interpretation); even with local primary jurisdiction, the custody of a US military personnel remains in the hands of the US authorities until officially charged (leaving room for escape).
The Marines in Darwin belong to one of four rotational Marine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTF) the US is now stationing across the Western Pacific: Okinawa, Guam, Hawaii and Australia. Note here that apart from Australia, all three of them have a history of being US or Japanese colonies. In all three places, indigenous people continue to fight for self-determination denied to them by US militarism.
It’s no coincidence that Guam’s collective will to become a Commonwealth, introduced as a bill in the 1980s after a series of referendums, has been ignored in the US Congress. Guam remains “unincorporated territory” without formal political representation in the US, providing the military freedom to conduct operations unhindered by local opposition.
Should Australians be thankful that the US military presence is providing strategic stability in Australia and the nearby region? It is more that Uncle Sam is thankful to Australians. His bases have been ousted from Ecuador (in 2009) and the Philippines (in 1991). Maintaining US forward defence capabilities overseas depends on the “political sustainability” of their presence (as the CSIS report put it): meaning that it depends on overseas communities who allow US extraterritorial privileges, sacrificing the wishes of those attempting to build a safe and humane space for living.
Now that they’re here, Australians could learn much from the experience of the Okinawans, who have been living with a foreign military presence for a long time and are saying “no” to it, shaking up the US-Japan alliance.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Well, aren't you a country of immigrants? And don't you tend to rehabilitate the criminal elements from abroad in a flash? And actually the Marines are not as bad a group of people as the occasional misfit among them makes it seem. I've lived next to the Marine Base on Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii for 50 years. Never had a problem with any of them, although I can't say the same for my fellow local and/or kamaaina Hawaiians.
Ryan Thistlethwaite
logged in via Facebook
I’m not sure it’s entirely wise to base our assessments on a people primarily on how they treat ourselves. History is littered with situations where specific groups have been treated unfairly within a larger social group. Ie. Just because your next door neighbour is a top bloke to you doesn’t mean it’s right that they’re cutting up people and using them to line the basis. Your (or my) personal treatment should not and cannot be the sole assessment of whether a group behaves in an ethical or just manner.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Actually I merely note that Marines are culturally similar to the rest of the English speakers, and I base my opinions in part on my experience as a counterintelligence agent for the US for over twenty years starting with the onset of the cold war. As a fighting force, they are among the best, but as moral behaviors go, they aren't. But neither is the average Australian as far as I'm aware.
Their behavior in Okinawa was deplorable, and it's no excuse to note that cultural differences between Marines and Okinawans were wide and largely incompatible.
Bottom line, if you don't feel that you need more military assistance for your territory, don't bring our forced there, as we're still paying a large part of the freight. But otherwise take the Marine out of his uniform and you'd think you had another somewhat rowdy Australian on your hands.
Or are the only rowdy ones those that we see here in Hawaii as tourists?
Sally Smith
.
RE "And don't you tend to rehabilitate the criminal elements from abroad in a flash?"
What a typical obnoxious & unintelligent American response from Roy. And he even has the gall to polish it off with his obvious racist attitude.
The official basis that underpins the establishment of Foreign Military Forces in our nation is exactly the same as the initial official basis for US Troops setting up in South Vietnam in the late 1950s.
That being for *Pre-Prepositioning Logistics for Disaster…
Read moreRobert Tony Brklje
retired
For some reason the words "Don't believe you spring to mind" reading you comment.
The US Marines are basically the worst of the worst, a liberal mixing of arrogance and ignorance, already forcing the US military command to keep them as far apart from Australian soldiers as possible in off duty times, least violence result. Fights are already breaking out as US marines treat Australian Soldiers like ignorant indigenous service personal.
There really is no space in Australia for US Marines. The US Navy is barely tolerable as well as the US Air Force, as least they can be taught that attempting to treat all Australians a "service" persons will not be tolerated but US Marines are just too ignorant to taught much of anything, the contempt the rest of the US military treat them with is with good reason.
Mix US Marines in with the Australian populace and far more aggressive protests will result than has been seen in polite Japan, an extremely bad idea.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Robert Tony Brklje,
That was about the phoniest attempt at outrage I've seen yet here. Are your military types so easily beat up? Not from my own service experience. Most of our Marines are rather small in any case, so unless they're shooting at you, I wouldn't worry.
Anyway, nobody cares what you rather amateurish propoganmdists think. It's a done deal.
Steve Brown
logged in via email @yahoo.com.au
@Roy Niles
"Anyway, nobody cares what you rather amateurish propoganmdists think. It's a done deal."
Actually Roy, according to polling the country is not too far from being split down the middle on the issue of US deployments to Australia, so plenty of people do care.
The deal might be 'done' but deals can be undone and if past experience in other countries is anything to go by it doesn't look like these bases are going to become *more* popular as time goes by.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
Never fear, as the US military rack up ever more offences, the government will ignore the problem and there will be many Australians, those not living within cooee of the bases, who will shrug it off as a price worth paying for their imagined 'safety' provided by the presence of the US troops.
For those who believe that the US is 'a force for good in the world', and/or those who fear the rise of China, there is no cost that those living near the bases have to pay that will be too much, too unreasonable.
For those who doubt this, note that it has taken 60 odd years of Israeli brutality and disregard for international law to move Australian politicians to summon the courage to ABSTAIN from supporting the rights of the Palestinians.
Morality? Courage? From the political classes?
Jim KABLE
teacher
I lived many years in western Japan - I made two visits to Okinawa - I saw something of the deleterious effects on that community from the presence of (largely) young (and not especially well-educated - it must be said - for this is the demographic which largely fills lower-level US military ranks) US service men. In fact they were in control of 20% of the main island of Okinawa - and always wanting to take over other still pristine coastal environments on the main island. It is hideous. And I am…
Read moreRoy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Sean, If you're not smart enough to differentiate a race from a culture, then that's your problem. And do you think our troops are in some sense occupiers who came without asking to your historically sublime and peaceful shores. Actually I like Australians, except for the likes of you of course, and I note that both our countries were initially populated in large part by English criminals. And you know what to do if you can't take a joke.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
By the way, I and my family are all either local or Kamaaina Hawaiians if that's bothering you, Sean.
And we do tend to discriminate amongst ourselves. We don't have a separate group of aborigines to pick on in particular, I guess. Those of us from Niihau are fairly aboriginal, but just too damned nice.
Eddy Schmid
Retired
Actualy Roy, your comment, 'came without asking' is a joke.
Anyone with the slightest inderstanding of Australian politics knows our politicians would not pass wind, without first getting the go ahead from Washington.
So to claim we were asked, is a joke, we all know there was gun pointing at their heads when the question was asked, so the outcome was fordained.
Dunno how the issue of early population with criminals got into the debate, however, IMHO, it's those very same criminals who rule today in the U.S. and wait for it, in Australia as well.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Peter, just as laughable as ever: "There is no question that the US knew of the pending attack by Japan; eleven days before the attack on Pearl Harbour Roosevelt ask his security chief to begin documenting the addresses of all US citizens of Japanese descent."
Read Inferno, The World at War, for a truer version. I was in school in Calif. when the Japanese Americans, including some of my friends, were rounded up, but this happened only on our West Coast. It was a stupid attempt to prevent sabotage in aid of an attack on the US mainland. Pearl Harbor, believe it or not, and I'm sure you won't, was a complete surprise.
(Ironically, there were internment camps in some States where Japanese residents in those States lived "free" outside the camps where Californians were prisoners.)
I'll not bother to comment on the rest of that rather silly far leftish diatribe, except to note that of course we're the strongest country on earth, if only because all the others are even weaker.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
There are none so dumb as the delusional -- those who will not look at the reality, not learn.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
There are none so delusional as the dumb -- those who can't look at the reality, can't learn.
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Thank you Miyume for this timely reminder that US forces are always Imperial Forces. So, it's going to be like Crocodile Dundee meets the Starship Enterprise via Abu Grahib I reckon. A nasty business having US bases on your soil and a decision that never would have been taken by Old Labor. The only saving grace is that the base in the NT is apparently in the middle of nowhere so the locals won't feel the full burden as the people of Okinawa have done.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Well all I can say is y'all better hide your women folk.
Miyume Tanji
Visiting Fellow, Pacific and Asian History at Australian National University
Remember armed forces also fly: the MV22 Osprey, with large airlift capacity, vertical take-offs, and questionable safety record will come to Darwin. They have been flying from the Futenma Air Station since September, generating enough anxiety and outrage for the Okinawans to block the entrance gates to Futenma for two days, which must have caused more than just inconvenience.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Miyume, maybe if you're lucky, those Marines will kill a few of themselves off with those planes. And hey, you've gotten the Marines out of Okinawa, and are hoping to get them out of Australia. So how much would you charge to get them out of Kaneohe? We don't like those Ospreys that much either.
Miyume Tanji
Visiting Fellow, Pacific and Asian History at Australian National University
Roy, your point taken about those on the planes being killed too. Also Marines will not be 'out of' Okinawa: about 10,000 staying on rotating between Australia, Guam and Hawaii.
Leo Kerr
Consultant
well let's face it - Australia is the 'farm' - we're owned by the US - our American friends who have a military budget approximately the size of the rest of the world combined - speaks volumes doesn't it. The friends who have brought us Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan - all those top recurring theme shows by the modern imperialist power asserting it's God given moral right to stomp all over the world and then get highly offended when they're criticised for it.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
On the other hand, if not for the US Navy, which the Marines belong to, you'd all have been speaking Japanese by now, and we wouldn't be needed there at all.
Leo Kerr
Consultant
Well that's the stock reply Roy to any criticism of the US in this part of the world - we'd all be Japanese now. It's a bit like saying if not for the Russians (in WW2) you'd all be speaking German now in America. Or perhaps had America won the Vietnam war you'd be saying the marines saved us all from communism - remember the domino theory. How long is that stock answer going to hold any credibility.
Read moreThe conduct of the US in the various foreign excursions it has undertaken since WW2 has been…
Robert Tony Brklje
retired
For the US Australia is not just the farm, it is the beach front, the retirement estate, primary resource reserve, a clean and safe place to live while they run the US via remote.
Australia is not Okinawa, this military occupation has nothing to do with the Pacific, this is all about staking a permanent claim upon Australia, protected by military occupation.
So will US serviceman who commit crimes in Australia be required to face the Australian legal system, very likely, why would the US risk everything they hope to gain to protect some useless idiot when instead they can gain respect of Australians by demonstrating a commitment to justice.
ERIC KELLY
retired
Whether they are "friendlies" or not it is a tragedy for Australian sovereignty to have foreign troops in our country. Living where we do it is also the height of stupidity to behave in a way that is likely to offend our Asian neighbours.
To those who think that the ANZUS treaty in some way obliges us to welcome US troops here I simply say 'Read the b... treaty'.
To those who say we owe our survival as an independent country to the Americans I say 'Read your history'. In particular keep in…
Read moreEddy Schmid
Retired
Well spoken Eric, good points regards the history of WW 2.
It would do most Aussies good, to actualy delve into this in depth, they'd be most surprised at their findings. The U.S. is not, and has never been the shining knight in armour some folks seem to under the impression they are
Eddy Schmid
Retired
Very good article, well done to the author.
Read moreHowever, I believe the contents escape the mental understanding of the average Australian.
There is a group of Australians who could clear the air very quickly on the basis of harboring foriegn troops on Australian soil, and that is the folks who were alive during WW 2 and in particular QLD and Brisbane.
Ask any elderly person from there, what they think of the issue, and I'll bet you'll get an earful, and it won't be complimentary either.
As a Vietnam…
Baz M
Law graduate & politics/markets analyst
Great article and forces many Australians to reconsider the notion that "we're all for those fellow Anglo Americans. After all they saved us from ww2". Keep in mind people the most mainstream view of the US entrance into ww2 was The initial Japanese attack on US forces hence get this stupid notion out that it was about saving their ozi brothers. Sometimes I applaud Gillard but than other times like the recent vote on Palestine in which she preferred to vote against (extremely yes sir US, we will do as you say style) if not for Labour heavy hitters saying what come again!! Which eventuated in abstain ism.. And her relentless support for the US, well although I'd prefer with my eyes closed her over Abbot, she none the less makes it easier to miss the likes off Whitlam, or even Hawke or Keating, Mann even Rudd. Whatever happened to no were not US puppets labour leaders.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
The US is an almost unworkable democracy. We are half liberal and half slave state mentality. George Bush for example has put the country in huge debt by getting us into a stupid war in Iraq. Vietnam was also very badly judged and handled. The domino effect was of course pure propaganda. But none of this has much to do with cooperating with Australia on this troop deal. We aren't invading anybody, etc., etc. etc.
I'm a Democrat, and consider Republicans to be essentially among the simple minded, regardless of their rich and venal leaders. But I see that we have a bunch of Australians commenting here that are not much different from our backwards racists and jingoists. So yammer away, that's apparently how your lot pretend to think.
Rabble roused by an Okinawan who wants to get even perhaps for having lost her Emperor's war. I was in the 8th Air Force at the time and proud to have been of service.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
Roy Niles: ‘The US is an almost unworkable democracy.’
It is not a democracy, nor was it ever set up to be. While the definition of ‘democracy’ is open to debate, the minimum required is that it adheres to the rule of law, and that all citizens are equal before the law. The US fails on both counts.
Carter has been quoted as saying that since the second world war, the US has invaded or interfered in the affairs of 100 odd countries with the intention of destroying the legal government of…
Read moreSally Smith
.
Miyume Tanji thanks for raising this issue. In time the public will begin to recognise the error of this decisions. re URL links within the article. Would someone please fix these? I would like to see the original references given.
Baz M .. true, well said. -- Eddy Schmid, true, I agree. -- ERIC KELLY, brilliant, you hit the nail on the head with your historical insights. -- Leo Kerr said " get highly offended when they're criticised for it." that captures the twisted delusions in which most Americans live their lives disconnected from the rest of the world -- Roy Niles being just another classic example of that. -- Anthony Nolan, I agree 100% -- Jim KABLE, very true and sad about the very low standard of Marine recruits - most come from street gangs these days. Can't blame them, anything that occurs in in the NT the responsibility lays with our own Politicians for allowing such bases being here in the first place. -- Robert Tony Brklje, YES !!!
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Sean, you remain one of the biggest liars posting here. The moral, pyisical and mental standards of the Marines are much higher than they ever were in the past, and certainly higher than those for the Australian services. Most come from street gangs? What a load of crap you're dishing out. One reason they're being stationed in your boonies is to get as far away as possible from your predatory Australian gangs.
It's true and somewhat unfair that they don't like your Australian brand of homosexuals, and especially don't like them in your military. But they've been forced to allow them in their ranks by law and must accept them. Nobody's perfect.
Jim KABLE
teacher
Who is Roy NILES - lowering the tone of this important debate about what the US wants to do to our land - with the arm-twisted acquiescence of our elected leaders it has to be said! Just two months back 100,000 Okinawans marched in protest (yet again, it should be said) to rid themselves of the excresences which are the US bases on their land! That is 10% of the population! That would be the equivalent of 2.3 million Australians on the streets in protest. Indeed - I have long argued that if we host…
Read moreRoy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Peter Hindrup, I have no problem sleeping at all. Your far leftish rendition of the history of the war is laughable.
Read moreMore laughable if you actually believe it. For a more balanced view, read Inferno, The World at War, 1939-1945.
That old chestnut that Roosevelt provoked the war will never rot while your sort are around. The fact is that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor to convince us that we should stay OUT of the war that they were waging with a domino effect in all of Asia. And they damned…
Peter Hindrup
consultant
I apologise for getting back late: time!
Roy Niles : ‘Your far leftish rendition of the history of the war is laughable.’
There is no ‘’far leftish’ view of history. There is though, propaganda, lies, damned lies and self serving nonsense aplenty! Israel being a good example of the latter!
If you read the New Historians on Israel, where you may not have so much emotional baggage invested, you will finish up with enough references to move on into the new historians writing on the European…
Read moreRoy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Jim KABLE, I'm lowering the tone here of a bunch of silly whiners? I certainly hope so.
You say, "the truth is that the Japanese never planned to invade Australia" Yes, true, because they thought if they kept the US out of the war they'd never need to. But once they made the mistake of bombing us, they had to win it, and Australians inevitably played a part in it. After all you were a British Colony and fought for the Brits against the Japanese in IndoChina, no?
So who do you think you would be serving now if the US had fought and lost? Because there are only two ways you would have possibly remained free: If we had done what the Japanese hoped and not fought them, or if we fought them as we did and won. Because if we lost, they would have taken their revenge on you for fighting with the brits quite handily.
They still of course may not have wanted to occupy Australia. Just destroy a large part of the population and the industry, and go from there.
Eddy Schmid
Retired
Um Roy, it may be of interest to you, that I actually live in PERTH, Western Australia, the capitol city of W.A. and the city from whence the U.S. Navy "thinks" it can home base a nuclear carrier as well as a few subs, near the Garden Island Australian Naval Base, a few kilometers off shore.
Read moreSo far, this news has not yet hit the mainstream, and our politicians are working very hard to keep it from the media and popular knowledge.
You don't have to Einstein, to work out why that would be, The citizens…
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Eddy.
Anyone who starts off with "um" is for certain going to sling a bit of bull. I don't remember anyone else here talking about nuclear subs, etc., do you? And yeah you can fight your own wars, and would quickly lose if you had to fight the Chinese, nuclear weapons not even in the picture. So um away.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
I replied today, 12-6, to a late comment from Peter, but the comment seems to have been posted out of any semblance of order, as will be this one. I'm clearly not smart enough to figure out this comment and reply system, but hell, I live close to Marines and something dumb must have rubbed off.
(Which remind me to advise you that the colors of our Marines won't likely rub off on your women folk.)
Sally Smith
.
Roy yes, this is not correct or accurate "- most come from street gangs these days." Pure hyperbole and a bit of "aussie humour" Roy. Can't you take a joke mate? <smile>
It would have been better if I said that there are known recruitment practices in the US Military that speak for themselves. NO personal offence was intended to any individual serving in the Marines. The personnel acting as ordered are not the issue at all. The issue is the Policy of Foreign Military Forces being permanently…
Read moreRoy Niles
logged in via Facebook
If you looked around some more you'd see the European Union for example where everyone minds everyone else's business. The world is not run by the "common" people since in a democracy we still end up electing our kings. Or kingships.
And I wouldn't mind if you moved some Aussie SAS here. The Marines already here might object of course.
I do have a lot of respect for any special forces. The Brits were for a time among the best, and the Germans have always been very good at that kind of work in my experience. Then there's the Foreign Legion which luckily isn't very French. I worked with some good Aussies as well, but not recently. But I digress.
Jim KABLE
teacher
Apart from bringing evidence of fairly standard/typical and not terribly intelligent US appreciation of that country's military engagements with and bullying of the rest of the world - Roy NILES' commentary is largely irrelevant to Miyume TANJI's article - he is something of an agent provocateur of distraction - nothing more.
What we (the rest of us on this forum page) need to do is to bring our concerns to the politicians who betray our national integrity - to say that US Marines must NOT be…
Read moreRoy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Jim Kable.
Well at least you didn't start off writing with an "um." Otherwise the propaganda is so far left it's far right. And me an agent provocateur? My goodness and I thought I had retired from that business long ago. But I guess it stays in the blood of us oligarchs.