Dry parts of the planet to get drier, wet parts wetter

The cycle of evaporation and rainfall over the past 50 years has intensified at twice the rate predicted by climate change models, according to a report by US and Australian scientists of ocean salt levels. The increase in the rate at which the atmosphere moves water from dry spots to wet spots means…

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Scientists say the supply of freshwater in Australia could eventually be at risk. AAP/Linda Silmalis

The cycle of evaporation and rainfall over the past 50 years has intensified at twice the rate predicted by climate change models, according to a report by US and Australian scientists of ocean salt levels.

The increase in the rate at which the atmosphere moves water from dry spots to wet spots means the world’s dry areas, like Australia, have been getting drier, while wet regions have been getting wetter.

In a paper published today in the journal Science, researchers from CSIRO and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, report that the “rich get richer” effect in the water cycle marks a clear fingerprint of climate change.

By looking at ocean salinity levels collected by 3,500 robot buoys, known as Argo, the researchers were able to determine which parts of the ocean experienced more rain fall than water evaporation – or vice versa. They found salty areas had been getting saltier and fresh areas fresher. The water cycle had strengthened by 4% between 1950 and 2000 – twice the rate forecast by global climate models.

What happened at sea also applied to land, said Richard Matear, of CSIRO’s Wealth from Oceans Flagship, because “the ocean … stores 97% of the world’s water, receives 80% of all surface rainfall and has absorbed 90% of the Earth’s energy increase associated with past atmospheric warming.

“Warming of the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere is expected to strengthen the water cycle largely driven by the ability of warmer air to hold and redistribute more moisture.”

Lead author Paul Durack, a post-doctoral fellow at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, said “salinity shifts in the ocean confirm climate and the global water cycle have changed.

“These changes suggest that arid regions have become drier and high rainfall regions have become wetter in response to observed global warming."

The researchers estimated the water cycle could accelerate by 24% by the end of the century, posing a threat to the supply of freshwater in parts of the world.

Dr Susan Wijffels, co-chair of the global Argo project and a co-author on the study, said that although Australia would continue to experience periodic El Nino and La Nina dry and wet spells, there would be “an underlying, long-term change of the background”.

Australia was stuck in the middle of oceanic regions dominated by evaporation, so droughts would become more severe.

“The base climate is going to be drifting … the dry areas are going to become even more water stressed and the wet regions will probably become wetter.”

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48 Comments sorted by

  1. Blair Donaldson

    logged in via Facebook

    Thanks for the interesting article Justin. I hope you post a copy of this to Nick Minchin and Clive Palmer.

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  2. Ian Ashman

    Manager

    Justin, thanks. the climate variability will be more pronounced but the issue of salinity was somewhat glossed over. If there are salinity "hot spots" what does this mean for biodiversity in these areas?

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    1. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      Ian, I'd be interested to know if the saline hotspots result in any significant changes in ocean current flows, both intensity and direction?

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  3. John Coochey

    Mr

    Well I hope this does not come back to bite you like Flannery's predictions or 100 meter Swan's. Interesting falsehoods (lies) on the ABC documentary the other night, interesting that Anita would not debate the US Washington skeptic and did a Quiggin. Also interesting the climate scientist in the audience said the IPCC predictions about temperature had been shown correct. Balderdash!

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    1. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Coochey

      Why would you bother to post here if the best you can do is spout rubbish? The mind of a denier is a curious thing...

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    2. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      I note the ad hominum attack and absolutely no development of argument, about what I have come to expect

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    3. Donncha Redmond

      Software Developer

      In reply to John Coochey

      In fact John, a 1981 temperature prediction was dug up recently and shown to be incorrect. Turns out they UNDERestimated how much temperature would change. Fancy that.

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    4. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Donncha Redmond

      Absolute and total rubbish not even a parallel to religious belief. I have seen detailed data from credible sources which can be cited this is readily available and even previous and current warmists freely admit earlier alarmists grossly exaggerated the rate and level of warming. The Q and A session on ABC referred to the alleged accuracy of 1990 IPCC claims which were asserted to be accurate when in fact data clearly shows this not to be so. Perhaps you would like to quote your own sources?

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    5. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to John Coochey

      In your dreams John, having argued with plenty of religious cranks I can assert their common denominator is denial of reality. Something you exhibit in spades.

      Even if we pretend for a minute that you are right in this one instance about the IPCC, you are talking about predictions made using datasets over 20 years old. Is that the best defence you can muster?

      All recent models based on more accurate and recent data sets strongly point to faster changes then first predicted, not less.

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    6. Marc Hendrickx

      Geologist

      In reply to Donncha Redmond

      Here are some links to what Prof. Roger Pielke Snr and Dr John Christy have to say about Hansen 1981 projections. If you consider reality it seems there are some serious problems with Hansen's forecast.

      http://pielkeclimatesci.wordpress.com/2012/04/20/john-christys-comment-on-if-you-want-to-roll-the-climate-dice-you-should-know-the-odds/

      http://pielkeclimatesci.wordpress.com/2012/04/13/cherrypicking-a-comment-on-the-atlantic-article-now-this-is-interesting-a-climate-prediction-from-1981-by-james-fallows/

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    7. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      That is not the point at issue, as I think you know because no one could be that stupid. The point was that it was claimed that the IPCC predictions of 1990 have proved correct. We both know that is not true. If not you can produce their predictions and then produce reality rather than me wasting my time knowing that you will deny the truth. I note that you refer to a prediction made ten years before that, obviously the IPCC chose to ignore such prediction, so answer the question if you can! A closely related issue is that the ABC put to air data which is demonstrably false with it now publish a correction

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    8. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      Considering the forecast was made back in 1981, it's understandable that errors can be found after 30 years of hindsight and additional data. Even so, the conclusion (in the first link) makes for interesting reading:
      “To conclude, a projection from 1981 for rising temperatures in a major science journal, at a time that the temperature rise was not yet obvious in the observations, has been found to agree well with the observations since then, underestimating the observed trend by about 30%... It is also a nice example of a statement based on theory that could be falsified and up to now has withstood the test. The "global warming hypothesis" has been developed according to the principles of sound science."

      Henson was accused of exaggeration and scaremongering, later evidence suggests that if anything, he was being extremely conservative.

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    9. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to John Coochey

      Of course it is a relevant point, changes occurring at a greater rate than first predicted should be a concern for anybody with an eye on the future and some respect for science.

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    10. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Coochey

      Back to lurking at JQ's site for you...come back when you have something sensible to say.

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    11. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      That is precisely my point, changes have occurred at a much lower rate than predicted not higher! We have wasted billions of dollars on desalination plants which may never be turned on. I remember a study in the sixties which looked at predictions, initially thinking how many were accurate, this is in all fields politics etc. but when it was calculated how many were made more should have been accurate just by the weight of averages. I have no doubt that someone somewhere made a lucky guess but the two issues remain why was if falsely asserted the IPCC had got it right when it was way off and why will Anna Rose not debate her enemies in open forum. I would be delighted to take on people whose opinions I loath if given the chance because I know I could best them, you do not run away from a fight you expect to win. John Quiggin calls Christopher Monkton a charlatan but refuses to meet him in open debate. Tells me something

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    12. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      Blair, it's a no win situation with this guy. He rejects the science in favour of his 'credible sources'.

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    13. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      Please...get a new 'expert'. Christy is a shill for fossil fuel interests.

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    14. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Coochey

      'Enemies' are they John. Interesting how you think about the issue...

      And Christopher Monkton IS a charlatan so what's the problem calling him one?

      You might want to check out climate crocks - Monkton chickened out of that debate. As greenman says:

      "Faced with real, checkable, online debate, where he would have to name his sources, put it in writing, and provide links for readers to fact check him (hmmm..sort of the way I do it in this video series) His CowardlyLion-ness decided to, well, run."

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    15. Marc Hendrickx

      Geologist

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      The 1981 paper is indeed a good attempt, the projections for surface temperature are better than his later efforts in 1988. Bear in mind that surface temperatures are only one measure of climate change. taking into account Pielke Snr and Christie's critiques it seems the projections are of academic use only. To be used as a stepping stone to the eventual development of climate models that might actually have some use in the real world.

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    16. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      Once again I will try not to use too longer words. Did Annita refuse to debate with a US skeptic or not? Was it correct or false to say that the 1991 IPCC predictions were correct or not. If enough people attempt to foretell the future someone will eventually get it right but then again if you back every horse in the race you will pick the winner.

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    17. David Arthur

      n/a

      In reply to John Coochey

      US "skeptic"? Do you mean Marc Morano?

      Marc Morano claim the Arctic is now 9,000 Manhattans over the low point of 2007. [I assume he's referring to the area of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean.]

      Mr Morano does not mention that this "low point of 2007" was at the end of the summer (September), and Morano spoke to Anna & Nick in February or March - towards the end of the winter. Of course there was more ice area when Morano spoke.

      Further, although the AREA of frozen Arctic Ocean surface…

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    18. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      Well is it not strange that this did not occur at the Press Club address nor at the lectures notably at Brisbane where even the Courier Mail had a headline "Moncton takes Brisbane" and their environment representative resigned because he was so humiliated. If what I am sure Anna Rose looks on as an enemy is so inept why not take the opportunity to say so. Instead she merely tries to smear anyone who opposes her for example linking them to big tobacco. Now the first study to ling tobacco to cancer…

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    19. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      John, “I have a copy of an email sent by Simon Chapman where he advocates concealing research which showed low mortality from side stream smoking "half a person" springs to mind."

      I'm calling BS on this. I have been working with Simon and others on an unrelated health issue and I know that's not what Simon does. He has nothing to hide and he enjoys confronting denialists like yourself with uncomfortable evidence. He also possesses a fairly pointed wit which tends to deflate precious egos like yours.

      As for Moncton, he's certainly not a Lord as he likes to claim and he has been revealed as an unmitigated liar on numerous occasions. That you defend him reveals a lot, your gullibility in particular.

      In any case, you lost any remaining credibility the minute you invoked Godwin's law.

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    20. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      I would refer you to the documents obtained by the Tobacco industry under discovery. Simon was worried about the low level of deaths resulting from a study "half a person" so he advocated concealing that data. So you can bullshit all you like but it is the truth. Simon Chapman has also published claiming the gun buyback of 1996 led to a progressive decline in gun related deaths. Leaving aside the fact it was declining at the same rate before the gun buyback he thus believes that your chances of being killed by a gun is inversely proportional to the length of time since the gun was destroyed. All of the newly banned firearms were seized and destroyed over a short period not over time, when a gun is destroyed it does not kill anyone in any future time period. Enough said

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    21. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      And your sources regarding the IPCC predictions are precisely what?

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    22. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to John Coochey

      Yeah right, I always have tobacco industry documents on hand for occasions like this. Not. So maybe you can provide a link please?

      I am aware of just how much the tobacco industry are happy to resort to fraud and twisted data to make a case courtesy of “merchants of doubt", I wonder if you've read it?

      Looking forward to that link of yours.

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    23. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      I have a simpler solution. Why not ask Simon Chapman for a signed copy?

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    24. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      The whole point is that I actually reversed Godwin's law. Obviously there is a strong link between smoking and cancer, primarily but not exclusively lung. My point was not that all alarmists are like Hitler or whatever, it was and is that it is the evidence that matters not who paid for it. Adolf Hitler supported a study linking smoking to cancer does not mean that the link is false, obviously not. My original point was Anita Rose attacked someone on an issue unrelated to the issue in hand because he allegedly had questioned the popular belief that the case linking side stream smoking to cancer was beyond examination. In fact the ling is paper thin but who cares? Smoking in a confined space is no more acceptable than flatulence. It is about as acceptable as jumping queue and so it should be.

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    25. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to John Coochey

      In other words, you don't really have any proof of your claim? Thanks for confirming my suspicions.

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    26. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      I refer you to http://members.iinet.net.au/~ray/ETS1.jpg

      Here are some extracts

      I am deeply concerned about the implications for the credibility of our whole report…arising from the calculations in table …journalists looking at that table..will be hard pressed to write anything other than “Official passive smoking cleared – no cancer” … If we are confident we are right I think we had better get out a thesaurus and find a lot of words to express the words “conservative estimate “ in hundreds of different ways.

      QED I would say. That is not research that is political spin but then again what would I know? I do not know how you can be killed by a gun which has already been destroyed

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    27. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      John, you really are some conspiracy theorist. Given your low regard for anybody who disagrees with you I can almost see how you might construe Simon's genuine concerns about data being misrepresented as an attempt to distort evidence but again, that says more about you than Simon. In any case, he doesn't advise concealing any data, I think an objective reader would see he is concerned journalists would represent seemingly low incidences of death resulting from second-hand smoke is little or nothing to worry about. That's all.

      I can understand his position having been verballed a couple of times by a journalist I once trusted. Very few journalists have any decent understanding of statistics, it seems you don't either.

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    28. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Coochey

      We get it John. Anything the tobacco industry says is correct in your mind and anything Anna Rose says is wrong because she is the 'enemy'.

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    29. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      Marc is still recovering from being sucked in by the Spencer & Braswell paper in 2011. Want to remind us again about this?

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    30. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Coochey

      Ah, reverse Godwin's Law. You are very clever John.

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    31. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      No, I suggest you read things more carefully, the Tobacco Industry did not say it Simon Chapman said it. He also believes guns destroyed in 1996 can still kill years later but at a lower rate over time. Anna Rose has gained some international infamy for refusing to debate people she disagrees with. The link to one of the papers bemoaning low deaths from sidestream smoking are up, I would have thought it something to celebrate if avoidable deaths were lower than had been thought, not something you should try and disguise. By the way has anyone been able to support the original statement that the IPCC 1991 projections have actually occurred?

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    32. John Nicol

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to John Coochey

      Absolutely John. The response by Matthew England to Nick Minchin's comment on the temperqature stasis which is accepted by all of the most dedicated climatologists supporting the idea of warming. Phil Jones in CRU says that no statistically significant warming has occurred sinnce 1995. Minchin was more circumspect saying since 1998. For England to happen to be there in time to put his silly spoke in as obviously set up beforehand by the producer or the chairman, was quite the silliest thing the ABC could have done and at the same time the most dishonest. Unfortunately England is now part of that dishonesty, although in general I have found him a very reasonable person to deal with.

      Any of the latest plots of Global Temperatures from GISS, CRU UAH etc show the same trend in the last ten years - downwards. See http://www.ruralsoft.com.aulimatescientific

      John Nicol jonicol18@bigpond.com

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    33. John Nicol

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      Ian, is that all you can say in regard to the science of climate change? Christy, as you should know, is one of the most respected climatologists who was part of the IPCC process before he withdrew because of the dishonesty in the poreparation of the chapter for administrators. He was working in atmospheric science before many of the claimants to high status such as Pitman, English and Karoly, had even thought of the climate. If you look at their backgrounds you will find that most "climatologists" are re-badged geographers whose knowledge of atmospheric physics is zilch..

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    34. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Blair Donaldson

      I can only refer you to the document that some said did not exist

      I am deeply concerned about the implications for the credibility of our whole report…arising from the calculations in table …journalists looking at that table..will be hard pressed to write anything other than “Official passive smoking cleared – no cancer” … If we are confident we are right I think we had better get out a thesaurus and find a lot of words to express the words “conservative estimate “ in hundreds of different ways…

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    35. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Coochey

      I said we get it John. You hate Anna Rose and you support big tobacco. What else have you got?

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    36. Ian Ashman

      Manager

      In reply to John Nicol

      John, if you think Christy is an expert then so be it, there's no accounting for taste.

      However please don't try to side step the issue that Christy is in the pocket of big oil. Heartland Institute. Cato Institute, Competitive Enterprise Institute.

      His views have been shown to be inconsistent with the science. Nobody in the climate field takes his views seriously. But the denier blogs love him.

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    37. David Arthur

      n/a

      In reply to John Nicol

      Mr Nicol, the "warming has ceased, we are in a cooling trend" furphy is debunked many times over, for example Andrew Glikson in his Conversation piece "James Lovelock's climate change U-turn" (https://theconversation.edu.au/james-lovelocks-climate-change-u-turn-6668).

      Phil Jones's comment about not detecting statistically significant warming in the CRUTEMP database exposes the inadequacies of CRUTEMP at the time Jones spoke: you see, CRUTEMP did not include enough data points from the Arctic…

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    38. John Coochey

      Mr

      In reply to Ian Ashman

      you can repeat something as many times as you like but you must at some time make a case. You could start by supporting the case that the IPCC actually got ti right

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  4. Philip Dowling

    IT teacher

    The results shown by the data are quite interesting.
    However I have some issues with the apparent conclusions drawn from the data.
    Unless one reads it very carefully it is easy to miss the conditionality of many of the statements.
    estimated
    suggested
    probably
    These are all valid in a conclusion, but only insofar as they are used to inform further research or to modify equations used in climate change modelling.
    I note that this study is by necessity silent on the cause of any climate change.
    I find it fascinating to contemplate an extrapolated future of oceans as salty as the Dead Sea side by side with oceans as saline as Sydney Harbour after a few days of the Parramatta weir overflowing. Fluid dynamics would suggest that this is not likely to occur. What factors make this possibly a self-limiting phenomenon I wonder.
    One wonders whether this phenomenon is part of a cycle that has a much longer wave "period" than the El Nino/La Nina cycle.

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