An American blog by a relatively unknown author about the goals of the pro-life movement went viral recently, racking up around 100,000 hits in a mere two days.
The blog questioned the selective and inconsistent use of scientific information to promote the pro-life ideology and suggested the real agenda of the pro-life movement was the control of sexual behaviour. The motivation behind the objection to abortion, it said, seemed to be about forcing women to suffer the consequences of promiscuous sexual behaviour.
This is not a new idea. There is a long tradition of scholarship drawing attention to the possible motives of those who seek to constrain women’s sexual behaviour.
There have also been some spectacular recent instances of ideology masquerading as scientific evidence when politicians have attempted to weigh into debates about women’s access to abortion and contraception. United States Republican Todd Akin, for instance, declared that a woman would be unlikely to become pregnant as a result of a “legitimate rape” because “the female body has ways to try and shut the whole thing down”.
New Zealand’s Colin Craig claimed that research showed New Zealand women were the most promiscuous in the world and argued against the government subsidising long-acting reversible contraception for women on welfare benefits who “choose to sleep around”. The New Zealand government was also criticised for attempting to regulate women’s reproductive choices and “autonomy”.
It seems that in matters of sex, contraception and fertility control, you just can’t win!

There is no point in attempting to referee a clash between pro-life and pro-choice ideologies. Each side attempts to outdo the other in the battle for hearts and minds by hurling chunks of scientific evidence and declarations of violations of human rights in equal measure. Opinions that are based on deep-seated values and ideological positions are not swayed by appeals to logic, rational argument or science. Debate simply applies bellows to the already white-hot fire of emotions.
Unintended pregnancy
Let us take a step back and examine the issue of unintended pregnancy – an issue that may be just a little bit easier to discuss rationally than abortion.
What are the problematic aspects of an unintended pregnancy from a population health perspective? (Ignore for a moment the obvious conclusion that someone has been having sex – we’re trying to focus on broader health outcomes). Why don’t we ask a different question: why are intended pregnancies a good idea for public health?
The answer is that when someone plans a pregnancy (men should be involved in such planning too) they can do lots of things to boost the likely health outcomes for themselves and their child-to-be. They can have a pre-conception consultation with their doctor, eat more healthily, take folic acid, make sure their vaccinations are up to date and generally prepare their bodies for the task of producing healthy eggs and sperm, maintaining a pregnancy, delivering a baby and bringing up a child.
Emerging understanding about the importance of the fetal environment for the future health of the child as an adult suggests that there is a potentially significant benefit of planned pregnancies to population health and consequently to health-care budgets.
I’m not saying that unintended pregnancies can’t result in healthy babies – it’s just that if there’s a choice, you’d probably prefer to have a planned pregnancy.
The answer? More effective contraception
As the US blog author discusses, the best way to avoid an unintended pregnancy is to use effective contraception. In fact a recent paper published online in Obstetrics & Gynecology demonstrated the potential reduction in abortion rates, repeat abortions and teenage birth rates after a trial involving the promotion and provision of free long-acting reversible contraceptive methods.
Long-acting reversible contraceptive methods are not user-dependent and have a very low failure rate (less than 1%). Options include the implant and IUDs (copper and hormonal). More options are under development.

So, if we want to reduce the abortion and unintended pregnancy rate we should be promoting long-acting reversible methods of contraception. Clinical guidelines recommend this as best practice.
Both “sides” in the abortion debate have good reason to promote reductions in unintended pregnancy through effective contraception.
Even though many pro-life advocates also promote abstinence except within marriage, most people simply don’t do this. And only having unprotected sex within marriage still puts the couple at risk of an unintended pregnancy. Therefore, if the goal is to limit abortion rates, the promotion of contraception should be a key pro-life strategy.
For the pro-choice side, unintended pregnancy by definition is not a woman’s choice. Anything that increases a woman’s ability to control her own fertility enhances her choices.
Australian attitudes
Unfortunately, a recent analysis of Australian data from the Bettering Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) study found that a shift towards prescribing long-acting reversible methods of contraception, according to best practice guidelines, has not yet occurred in Australia. The authors suggest general practitioners may not be familiar with the newer methods of long-acting reversible contraception.
If women are to have easy access to the most effective methods of contraception, they need to be available at local health services.
Decisions about sex, whether and when to have children, use of contraception and abortion are made by individuals in the context of their complicated lives. We cannot make decisions about pregnancy for other people – that is their individual responsibility.
Rather, it is our collective responsibility to ensure that everyone has tools to prevent unintended pregnancy. Let’s start by increasing the availability of long-acting reversible methods of contraception.
Comments on this article are now closed.
Dianna Arthur
Dianna Arthur is a Friend of The Conversation.
Environmentalist
" it is our collective responsibility to ensure that everyone has tools to prevent unintended pregnancy. Let’s start by increasing the availability of long-acting reversible methods of contraception."
Bleeding obvious.
Planning to have children in as healthy, positive and supportive environment as possible - too much common sense here.
Now watch those who still oppose the termination of an unintended/unwanted pregnancy with no consideration of the mother's or child's long term prospects. At the same time either banning contraception or opposing government support to affordable contraception. No sense whatsoever.
Chris O'Neill
Telecommunications Engineer
"At the same time either banning contraception or opposing government support to affordable contraception. No sense whatsoever."
It's pure ideology. Roman Catholic ideology requires no artificial interference to fertility, i.e. nature must be left to take its course.
I'm surprised that so many people don't seem to understand that the Roman Catholic position is plain ideology.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
@Chris O'Neill. Just to be clear about this. Not all of us who oppose abortion on demand are Roman Catholics, and many are not even practicing religion. Opposing abortion does not have to be a religious thing, or rely on any ideological premises. Let's not dismiss values this easily. Besides, no one seems to draw our attention to the eugenicist ideology which premises most 'pro-choice' arguments.
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
So we would think there is anti-abortion #1 and its opposite pro-choice #2 but this is false. The Spectrum is;
1. anti-abortion (Absolute - Dogma) #1
2. anti-abortion for myself (choice for self only)
3. pro-choice (choice for all) #2
4. pro-abortion for myself (choice)
5. pro-abortion enforced on others (Death, Eugnics, Absolute - Dogma)
The first is sanitised into pro-life as if to be contrasted with pro-death #5
The Majority on this spectrum #2, #3, #4 are effectively Choice
As Dania has done, many who believe #1 anti-abortion seem to believe #5 is its opposite (and it is) but it is not pro-choice.
It seems clear to me where the best ethical position lies.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
@Antonio Muscio. "It seems clear to me where the best ethical position lies" Go for it, Anthony. However, your typology lacks context. Let me provide it for you here. Abortion: the killing of a live being, whilst trapped in a confined space on which it depends for living, by one or more of these methods asphyxiation, chemical poisoning, burning with saline solution, dismemberment and decapitation. I thus hope that your typology makes more sense now. Sorry if now it doesn't detract from the real issue as effectively as you have perhaps intended.
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
@Dania Ng Your description of termination methods as an argument is not in keeping with your otherwise respectful comments. I think perhaps you use it as unwisely as the person who taught you this.
Will you assert I must not "beat the eggs" ?
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
@Anthony Muscio. "Your description of termination methods as an argument is not in keeping with your otherwise respectful comments. I think perhaps you use it as unwisely as the person who taught you this". Actually, I watched "The silent scream" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gON-8PP6zgQ&feature=related, which had extraordinary impact on me. I have also read widely in order that I inform myself about this issue. Here are some other sources that you may find useful, but perhaps uncomfortable: http…
Read moreCat Mack
logged in via Facebook
Interesting article. A couple of things however occur to me. While it may seem entirely sensible to focus on unintended pregnancies as a health issue, this will not satisfy the 'right to lifers'. For them unintended pregnancies are a moral issue (in precisely the same way that abortion is) so they are unlikely to be persuaded. Your suggestion that MOST people would not agree with the sex only in marriage position, may well be correct but that really misses the point. - I hasten to add I don't favor the antiabortion position. The second point is more a question. I was under the impression that long acting (particularly IUDs) contraceptive methods had a long an unfortunate history of health complications associated with them. Their lack of favor among women was due to this. Is this no longer the case? Have you considered the previous history of these devices as an explanation for the lack of uptake?
Helen Tobler
logged in via Facebook
There is an article here that addresses the very question of the safety of IUDs:
http://theconversation.edu.au/iuds-safe-effective-but-myths-live-on-10852
Luc Brien
logged in via Facebook
Good article!it echoes many things that I and many of my friends have long been saying. Just one thing: can we stop calling the anti-abortion movement "pro-life"? They are fundamentally not "pro-life"; they are anti-abortion and anti-choice. I think that correcting this lingual confusion will help clarify the issue for many people. Can we please start framing this ideological debate as being about women's rights or their freedom to choose?
As Bill Hicks said, "If you're so pro-life, go picket a cemetary".
Anthony Gurnett
Anarchist
Hicks wasn't around for long...but what a punch he had, a great loss to this world.
Wild Man Bill!
Chris Aitchison
logged in via Twitter
The 'abortion reduces crime in 20 years down the track' hypothesis is fascinating and of course controversial- as presented in a paper in the Quarterly Journal of Economics in 2001 and the book Freakonomics.
Despite solid data in the paper, I guess it is way too controversial for a US politician to ever use as an argument.
http://pricetheory.uchicago.edu/levitt/Papers/DonohueLevittTheImpactOfLegalized2001.pdf
http://www.freakonomics.com/2005/05/15/abortion-and-crime-who-should-you-believe/
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Really great research. Here's a quote from the first one:
Read more"First, women who have abortions are those most at risk to give birth to children who would engage
in criminal activity. Teenagers, unmarried women, and the economically disadvantaged are all substantially more likely to seek abortions"
Which punctuates and underlines the very aims of the eugenicists who have created the so-called Planned Parenthood movement (now a billion dollar industry) :
"Our failure to segregate morons who are increasing…
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
Dania - Are you using a "Straw man" here ? Picking an extreme feminist or eugenics then trashing them rather than putting forward a rational argument for your own position.
Chris Aitchison
logged in via Twitter
@Anthony
I believe it is the noncentral fallacy - aka 'The Worst Argument In The World'
http://lesswrong.com/lw/e95/the_noncentral_fallacy_the_worst_argument_in_the/
Calling something eugenics then implying it is bad because eugenics is supposed to be bad. Like saying 'positive discrimination is still discrimination'. Sometimes discrimination is good (different healthcare for aboriginal kids) and sometimes eugenics is good (Genetic engineering to cure diseases is eugenics). Even if there is a negative associated with some instances of the abstract (Racial discrimination is bad, Hitler did eugenics) it is a fallacy to argue that all instances of the abstract are bad.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Anthony, did you not know that Margaret Sanger founded the Planned Parenting movement? The evidence is plain to see. The stats indicate that most women that are persuaded to have abortions by these so-called clinics are from the 'undesirable classes' about which Sanger harped on about. They are the poor, uneducated, criminalised groups in society. The black in the US are over-represented (in the US, I don't know the figures here). Of about 500 women asking for advice at these clinics on whether…
Read moreAlan Hunter
logged in via Facebook
Pro life ,as if!, most "prolifers" have a rightwing political stance, and support the death penalty and US incursions into other countries (especially Muslim or "Commie") and are hearty cheerleaders for war.
Typical right wing christian hypocrites.
Anthony Gurnett
Anarchist
You got that in one Al!
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
And you can add anti-euthanasia, anti-science, anti-sex outside marriage, anti-same sex marriage and finally pro economic anarchy otherwise called anti-collective behavior - <joke> perhaps lest we lynch them </joke>
When such a predictable clusters of beliefs reside in the same people almost without exception, it is safe to say there lies dogma and brainwashing.
The extreme left is not immune from this themselves, though their common lack of wealth suppresses their voice.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Lol Anthony, and you accuse me of using one straw man. How many have you used here?
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
I was only using Gratuitous generalisations based on observed statistical clustering.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Methinks your plotting to stem and leaf too much :)
Anthony Gurnett
Anarchist
The least amount of "insults" to the human body including abortions!
We take vitamin pills...just another, please! Whatever the best route; technology/science.
In days gone by (decades) ago I use to hate the "I'm not on the pill" during the initial "stages of penetration"...I mean " I'm smoking already baby"!
How many blokes have been there and stressed out for a couple of weeks? I guessing there were x amount of these younger women and many of use blokes over the course of a year...some were lucky, some got married and some disappeared. I can count at least 4 females in the 70's saying "I'm not on the pill; when the game was afoot!
I'd like to hear from both sexes as to this occurrence!
Oh yeah, I married the last one...and that's another story...not happy Marie!
Michael Shand
Michael Shand is a Friend of The Conversation.
Software Tester
Pro-Life advocates do not have a leg to stand on and pushing this false double standard is sooo annoying.
If you are pro-life - good for you, you dont get to make that decision for others
If you believe a featus is a human - your wrong, medically and legally speaking you are wrong and unless that changes the debate is over.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
@Michael Shand. Michael, they have two legs to stand on. And what double standard are you referring to? And why would pro-lifers make decisions for others, where did you get this nonsense? When I talk to someone contemplating an abortion, I am only concerned that they get all the information relevant to them, and that they don't just get the abortion clinic's view only. I may even plead with them on behalf of the life that they intend to kill. But the final decision is theirs, I simply want them…
Read moreRob Brooks
Rob Brooks is a Friend of The Conversation.
Professor of Evolutionary Ecology; Director, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre at University of New South Wales
Wonderful article. Thank you Jayne. I have been thinking a lot about why the most fanatic anti-abortion folks are so anti-contraception and your article and links have helped me clarify this.
I expect that the comments yet-to-come will further confirm the association between anti-abortion positions, opposition to effective contraception and a tendency to get hot and bothered about "promiscuity".
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Rob, I am curious. Why has your prediction proven wrong?
Graeme Harris
Director
What fascinates my contemplation is the visceral hate of prohibitionist and pro-life participants. Both groups seem to be profoundly unaware of the very real unintended consequences of their doctrinaire stance.
How do we educate these people to accept the messy reality of human existence?
What is it deep in their psyches that want to control others at a distance?
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Graeme. Unless you're talking about extremist groups here, which represents the view of a minority, I am wondering how you can put the words 'hate' and 'pro-life' together to describe someone? Are you saying that to hate killing is wrong? You are either for, or against life. And how do we educate people that it is okay to live an imperfect life, but that it is never okay to think of life as disposable? The controlling is done mainly by those who advise women that it is okay to kill a life they have…
Read moreAnthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
Thanks for this great Angle on this unfortunate debate.
As others have "kind" of suggested, the anti-abortionist position often relies on pregnancy resulting as an act of god (within marriage) and would suggest we have no right to "Play God" and perhaps the converse is believed that conception is caused by the devil outside marriage or in rape. In effect saying planning pregnancy is only Gods role.
Personally I would liken this to the ancient belief in Royal tournaments and Pistols at dawn…
Read moreDania Ng
Retired factory worker
So, Anthony. Say that some people do not believe in God, and yet they are pro-life (the majority of pro-lifers, actually). In the absence of religion, what drives them to cling to their values? And, having got rid of religion, what then? Will the world be a wonderful, utopian reality where we will simply employ scientific dogma (like eugenics, perhaps) to solve all our problems, with no sense of remorse, and automaton co-existence based only on the primacy of individualist wants?
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
I have little doubt when we reduce one source of irrational reasoning from the discussion of other, irrational ideas coming into to replace them (such as Homeopathy), yet I am hopeful of an incremental improvement in the human condition towards an ideal we will change over time as we learn and never reach.
It is curious how when my argument was only to dismantle anachronistic ideas, that you read so much more and attribute me and society as without value, remorse, compassion and coming from an…
Read moreDania Ng
Retired factory worker
Anthony. I don't need religion to inform my values system, if that's what you're asking. It would be more precise to describe myself as a spiritual rather than religious person. Christianity informs my spirituality, as it provides relevant moral context for me, and the way I live my life. So I call myself Christian for this reason. It irks me to encounter simpleton arguments (not yours), reducing any opposition to a particular view on significant social issues to 'religion'. Simplistic conclusions…
Read moreAnthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
Dania, You raise a lot of philosophical issues in your last two post in this thread. I appreciate your desire to speak and put forward your views. The truth is to maintain a structure discussion I would feel tempted to run down a few rabbit holes you have presented. But time does not permit.
In my view you are repeating some fallacies that people who do not understand scientific method repeat such as assuming it is reducto abserdium for example when reduction or "analysis" is used in conjunction…
Read moreAnthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
I would quickly add that I would classify my self as Pro-Choice Pro-life where every attempt should be made to reduce abortions occurring (such as Contraception) but effectively grant a woman choice over her own body, and where possible with consideration of the fathers view. Any termination should be as early as practical unless there are clear health implications.
Dania Ng
Retired factory worker
Anthony. Thank you very much for your thoughts, I really appreciate the time you took to clarify your position and explain some of your premises. It is very helpful, and it allows me to provide a more focused response, which I hope you'll receive positively.
Read moreIndeed, the scientific method uses falsification, perhaps best explained in the Popperian sense. My original education is in the social sciences, so I know a little about the scientific method. I am also aware of the experimental method, and…
Anthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
Thanks again Dania,
In many way but one, a critical one, I would agree with what you are saying.
Where I can not agree with you at all is the cases you present are all the extreme. It is the degree, which you assign to each of your arguments. From contraception to Eugenics, anthropology to German Zionism and many more.
To me all you have done is proven that in a range of cases there is an exception to the mainstream application of something. Eg; Contraception can be used for eugenics, anthropology…
Read moreDania Ng
Retired factory worker
Thanks for replying, Anthony. You're of course right if you need to be right in your assessment of what I have said. I agree that there are extremes in the things which create issues, and these are often distorted by the haze of one's bias. Except for one thing. Killing a living being. There is no bias in observing that there is killing involved here. Especially when 'planned', killing cannot be prioritised out of the discussion or seen as an 'extreme', or ignored, because it is ALWAYS involved…
Read moreAnthony Muscio
logged in via Facebook
Well it is clear, I need to beg to differ.
Response in short
I do care what other think and depend on the conversation in the market place of ideas to ensure that what I understand and believe is somewhat based on reality. To close oneself off from the market of ideas is to turn your own ideas into stone.
You may not see yourself as not using extreme cases in your arguments, Yet your reference to killing (in the case of a recently conceived embryo) is extreme in others peoples eyes (at…
Read moreDania Ng
Retired factory worker
Thanks Jayne, a (fairly) balanced article even though you are obviously taking the side of the so-called pro-choice advocates. Thanks for at least trying to keep your argument focused mainly on the question of contraception. In respect to the use of scientific 'facts', my view is that we can all use scientific facts selectively, so that our perspective seems to be supported. My view is that the facts we choose to leave out points to the sort of ethical boundaries we create for ourselves. Interestingly…
Read moreCarina Hickling
Student
I believe in the deepest sense that open-minded, pro humanity sexuality education, access to non-judgmental quality sexual and reproductive health services and contraception (including abortion) are crucial contributions to building a better future for our world.
In the words of Elise Ottesen Jensen, founder of Swedish Sexuality Education Organisation (1933) and International Planned Parenthood Federation (1952):
"I dream of the day when every new born child is welcome, when men and women are equal, and when sexuality is an expression of intimacy, joy and tenderness."
Dianna Arthur
Dianna Arthur is a Friend of The Conversation.
Environmentalist
Carina, well said.
I long for such a time as well.
Karen Sydow
Retired academic librarian
Oh, how I love all the 'Let nature take its course" arguments, LOL.
That, of course is why we have NICU units, to let nature take its course with seriously pre-term babies, and why we have resuscitation units, to let nature take its course with people who have had massive heart attacks, and why we use antibiotics, so that nature can take its course with those who contract septicaemia or pneumonia, and so on.
It's good fun to watch the contortions of advocates of such arguments when you question…
Read more