When one reads an opinion piece littered with references to “liberal elites”, it is usually a safe bet that one is reading an inherently conservative point of view dressed up to look progressive. So it is with Caroline Norma’s attack on Catharine Lumby in today’s Age.
Where Lumby sees sex work as an appropriate appellation for the exchange of sexual services for money, Norma sees “prostituted women”, universally exploited and abused, and denied their worth as “full citizens”. This reeks of the sort of 1970s feminism in which women were free to do and be as they pleased – provided their sisters approved.
Norma correctly identifies a range of vulnerabilities and adverse outcomes associated with sex work for some women – but these are not outcomes for all women. Indeed, these outcomes are most commonly associated with illegal or informal sex work. To say this is not to minimise in any way the substantial and real harms that do befall some women in the industry.
Yet, whenever there is an attempt to legalise, decriminalise or better regulate sex work, we find an unseemly alliance of radical feminists and conservative Christian churches acting hand-in-hand to circumvent any changes that would empower sex workers, give them greater control over their working lives and improve the safety of their industry. For these people, the idea that a woman could freely choose sex work can only be understood as false consciousness.
Norma goes on to argue that to support sex workers is not to “reveal a loyalty to pimps”.
In fact, one of the keystones of sex work reform has been take control of the industry from the “pimps” Norma decries in her article, and put it into the hands of the workers themselves.
Not only does this remove one of the potentially more coercive and abusive aspects of the industry but it can act to empower workers to improve their working conditions, their income and their safety. It also brings sex work under the umbrella of the occupational health and safety frameworks that all other employees have the right to enjoy.
Tellingly, for Norma there is no such thing as a male sex worker – an odd omission given that research indicates that approximately twice as many Australian men than women have ever been paid for sex. Of those, two-thirds had been paid for sex by another man and the remaining third were paid for sex by a woman.
But the very notion of men being paid for sex, most particularly by women, has no place in the analyses of sex work by Norma and her colleagues – simply because they cannot be reduced to the evils of patriarchy.
Norma’s move to reduce sex workers, both women and men, to prostituted creatures both denies sex workers agency and casts them into eternal victimhood.
Perhaps it is time for Norma to revisit some of the failings of second-wave feminism and to understand the views of those cast out by the sisterhood, especially those whose chosen modes of employment and identity challenge the shibboleths of the sisterhood itself.
Mark Smith
logged in via Facebook
Great article Anthony, thanks a bunch- telling point about male sex workers.
Diana Cousens
Senior Co-ordinator, Grants and Awards Learning and Teaching Unit at RMIT University
Hi Anthony,
Great to see your article and what a relief to get a genuine feminist perspective instead of this right wing wowserism that is so prevalent nowadays - and which confusingly pretends to be feminist. There is a reactionary backlash against the legal, safe and healthy management of sex work. I am so relieved to see someone writing against this backward viewpoint. This is not the first article in the Age pushing this conservative agenda - I think I've seen three by the same author on the same subject. If the Age wants to push a deeply backward conservative agenda then Gina Rinehart's takeover may not be such a big change.
Dale Bloom
Analyst
I would regard female prostitutes at least as being essentially feminist, because they values men only for their money.
The prostitute entices or lures men to have sex with her, but then the prostitute wants money from the man, and places no value on the man other than his money.
So prostitutes are essentially feminist, and the danger is that feminists or prostitutes begin to train normal women into believing men should only be valued for their money.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
Dale,
I guess it depends on whether you believe love to be a biological or economic construct.
Dale Bloom
Analyst
Interesting point. The sex with a prostitute is artificial. The prostitute is putting on an act, so that the client (for want of a better word) pays the prostitute money.
It is not love, but acting, so the acceptance of prostitution encourages acting out a part, for money.
I can see why some feminists would support prostitution, where the word love is not in their dictionary, or has no meaning to them, or is replaced by the word "money".
Adam Wolford
Professor of political science
There are serious problems with the research you quote. If roughly 16% of men have bought sex- 97% from women- and only .1% of women have bought sex, how can the number of men paid for sex be double the number of women? Further, how can 1/3 of male sex workers be paid by women when so few women buy sex? There are innumerable studies revealing the majority of people in prostitution are female and the vast majority of buyers are men.
I'm sorry, but your article betrays your astounding lack…
Read moreSeamus Gardiner
Citizen
Perhaps the same women buy sex off a man repeatedly, that may explain 1% of women purchasing 1/3 of male prostitution services.
Robert Attila
Business Analyst
Adam, you seriously sound like you have personal issues to resolve from your childhood.
You obviously didn't pay attention to his article while you were reading it, if you read it. His intent at least is that if it was legalised & considered work there would be better control. To campaign against prostitution is like campaigning against the laws of physics. You will loose. And in the mean time prostitutes will suffer the very horrors you mention because of your ideologies. The desire for a perfect…
Read moreGil Hardwick
Anthropologist
Without being too pedantic, we might all do ourselves a favour by recognising finally that sex only refers to being male or female. Sex was not associated with genitalia or copulating until the early 20th century, and then via D. H. Lawrence. Before that prostitution was properly considered whoredom, fornication, lascivious misconduct.
It seems to me that rescuing the word sex from being hijacked and mobilised by those who want to clean up the laswcivious image might be a good idea. It may well…
Read moreRobert Attila
Business Analyst
i tend to take my lessons, cues, & guidances from nature (both biological & laws of physics), considering it has existed & developed for billions of yrs whereas our human ideologies for a nanosecond in comparison.
I agree with your thoughts on the term 'sex', though i have never thought it to mean male/female till you mentioned it in this topic.
I notice people put whatever slant they consciously or subconsciously desire on questions of morality. My take on it is rather simple, again cued…
Read moreGil Hardwick
Anthropologist
Well, yes, in this respect, intimates will always give each other gifts, in money and kind. I don't think that's an issue.
Sex is ubiquitous, human intimacy is ubiquitous, exchange of gifts is ubiquitous. For some, certain sectors, I can only suggest that a measure of decorum would assist their cause.
I have no idea what this professor is on about, venting a subjective distress perhaps.
Poor chap.
Eva Cox
Professorial Fellow Jumbunna IHL at University of Technology, Sydney
There were second wave feminists who set up Scarlet Alliance and supported sex workers to claim their rights as workers, Apart from that, a good analysis of the 'false consciousness of those who call themselves feminists but deny the capacity of women to decide to be sex workers. It is the punitive, judgememntal views of the anti sex workers that makes reform difficult.
A recent study (Basil..) showed NSW sex workers had much lower Std rates than the general population . this is because it is not illegal and occupational health workers have good access. There are serious problems in parts of the industry but porohibition makes these go underground and less fixable.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
Would the fact that it is legal make it safer in terms of violence against the prostitute as well? I'm assuming that if prostitution is a legal act it is more likely to take place in a controlled setting with access to personal security strategies and infrastructure. Certainly much safer than in the back seat of a client's car.
That might not make the service any more palatable to those who object to it but at least the women and men who are employed in the sex industry are less at risk of harm.
Meagan Tyler
Lecturer in Sociology at Victoria University
Sadly, although legalisation was introduced in places like Victoria with aims of harm minimisation, it simply hasn't worked. For more info on the Victorian example, try "Making Sex Work" by Sullivan: http://books.google.com.au/books/about/Making_Sex_Work.html?id=mzhgVt97eJcC&redir_esc=y or for a more international critique of how legalisation fails to ameliorate harm try Farley's "Prostitution, Trafficking and Post-Traumatic Stress": http://books.google.com.au/books?id=e7qyVMwVL_MC&dq=prostitution+trafficking+and+post-traumatic+stress&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
Fair enough, wrong assumption on my part... I wonder what the answer is then? Better regulation?
Meagan Tyler
Lecturer in Sociology at Victoria University
So people on the left can't criticize liberal elites? To claim that anyone who critiques liberalism is conservative is quite simply a failure to understand radical critiques of liberalism.
It is these kinds of characterisations that mean the discussion on sex work / prostitution in Australia continues to exist in a bubble where the sex industry isn't recognised as a commercial lobby group but is seen as some sort of progressive social movement.
There is also the constant issue of the misrepresentation…
Read moreHelen Pringle
Senior Lecturer at University of New South Wales
Anthony, you say: "Tellingly, for Norma there is no such thing as a male sex worker – an odd omission given that research indicates that approximately twice as many Australian men than women have ever been paid for sex. Of those, two-thirds had been paid for sex by another man and the remaining third were paid for sex by a woman."
First, I see nothing in the article by Caroline, or her other work, where she suggests that there is no such thing as a "male sex worker". I wonder why you made this…
Read moreComment removed by moderator.
Stella Marr
logged in via Facebook
There's a consistent pattern of cyberstalking and harassing trafficking/prostitution survivors who speak out about violence they've experienced on the part of some prominent 'sex worker activists.' This has to stop -- the proof is in the links
http://secretlifeofamanhattancallgirl.wordpress.com/2012/06/28/how-the-sex-industry-threatens-survivors-speaking-out-while-pimps-pose-as-sexworker-activists/
Andrew Malcolm
Editor
Prostitution - being a sex worker - should be legal, but only for those with a college degree. A just society should ensure its citizens have choices.