Biologists and psychologists like to tussle with human characteristics: what’s inherent? What’s learnt? What’s genetically coded? What’s malleable? Every so often an “expert” will reignite the nature vs nurture debate, again spotlighting the always juicy, always seductive topic of monogamy.
Predictably, we’ll be told that we’re simply not coded to do happily ever after forever.
We’ll be offered testimony through snapshots of bed-hopping politicians as “proof” that so many clearly can’t manage this anathema.
Humans, so the story goes, were just never built to have only two in the bed, that to even attempt it is an unwinnable fight with biology.
As a social scientist, my expertise doesn’t allow me to rebut such arguments with proof of a “faithful gene” kind. Fortunately I have very little interest in doing so. As a feminist, my faith in biological arguments is scanty at best: women’s bodies have too long been used to justify the most heinous oppression and exclusion.
I don’t care to establish a case countering hard-wired non-monogamy because whether reality or fallacy, in practice monogamy today is a choice. And a viable one. Just as I eschew eating meat despite my sharp canine teeth, just as I use contraception rather than allowing sex to lead me to pregnancy, just as I wax my legs because stockings keep me warm enough and just as I choose not to have multiple sexual partners concurrently, daily we each pick and choose which supposedly natural behaviours we dodge.
Whether or not monogamy is natural is in fact a much less interesting issue than whether individuals are actually capable of it. And here is where things get sticky. For some, coupling is easy. Two straws in the milkshake, his and her sides of the bed, cutesy pet names: some folks find it effortless. For others it’s hard, often gruelling and mandates trade-offs, sacrifices and resistance, but ultimately is deemed worth the work. Resisting fresh flesh for others however, is completely undoable, unpalatable.
When it comes to sex, I’m generally found residing in the live and let live camp. I’m all for polyamory, for open marriages, for hall passes and swinging. At least when everyone is suitably briefed. And here’s the rub. Polyamory, open marriages, hall passes and swinging only work when everyone agrees to the ground rules. When everyone consents without coercion. When nobody feels betrayed. When nobody wants more than what’s offered.
Sociologist Eric Anderson recently penned a piece for the Huffington Post proposing that cheating can sometimes prove a balm to flailing relationships. The often wonderful Dan Savage made the same claim in the New York Times magazine last year.
Such work, of course, provides superb justification for the cheating husband and the adulterous wife. And offers not a skerrick of solace for the betrayed.
For those who find monogamy difficult, if not thoroughly impossible, then choosing not to go through with the ruse is quite simple. Polyamory and open relationships exist as options; mandatory coupledom is unenforceable. No shoulds, no expectations, no guilt-trips: sex of the uncoupled kind without hurt feelings and heartbreak. If you abstain from monogamy then you’re not cheating on anyone.
There will always be people who claim that infidelity saved their relationship. Some might even believe it; I dare say quite a few feel an imperative simply to say so. Just as people stay in abusive relationships, in unsatisfying relationships, in betrayed relationships, they love their partner. And with love comes a very good motive to devise reasons to forgive.
For those seeking to spread their wilds oats and experience a procession of different arms and limbs and tastes and odours, non-monogamy is a fabulous option. A choice. Acting on non-monogamy however, while in a putatively exclusive relationship is not natural, is not sexual liberation, is not feminism.
It’s called cheating. And someone always gets hurt.
Susan Ruthenbeck
Luftmensch
Thank-you Lauren for another realistic and relevant article on human sexuality.
The non-monogamy discussion is not about the morality of fidelity but the idea that if you freely agree to partner with someone, then you adhere to the terms that you agreed to. Variation can only occur by mutual, informed consent and in the context of relationships which are not marked by a power imbalance.
Tim Scanlon
Author and Scientist
If we stopped making such a big deal about sex it would probably help.
What I mean is, every time someone famous is caught "cheating" or is heard to be in an "open relationship" or the occasional polygynous relationship, the moral outrage ensues. If it became more about the acceptance of choice, as Lauren points out, then we'd be much better off.
Of course tabloid media would be battling for content then...
Lilah Free
Professional Communications
Thankyou for a great read!
There are no real rules set in stone for exactly how a relationship 'should' play out or function - of course it is individual - and as long as each person understands and agrees to what the set standard should be then as Susan (above comment) words so well,
"Variation can only occur by mutual, informed consent and in the context of relationships which are not marked by a power imbalance."
Read moreBetrayal is an awful experience that can truly leave a person deeply…
Callum J Hackett
Student
This is a perfect expression of the thoughts I have been having on the subject recently. A supposed inability to be monogamous is never justification for cheating and lying about it; it is justification for being honest about our weaknesses and not entering or maintaining monogamous relationships under false pretences.
Michael DeMarco
logged in via Twitter
Great article! I would only add that being monogamous IS a choice, no question about it. And so is non-monogamy. Perhaps if more people were open and honest about wanting to BE non-monogamous, we wouldn't have so many people forcing themselves into sexually exclusive relationships when they don't really want/need to be there.
I would also throw in that it is totally human to hide unpleasant facts, behaviors, activities, etc because people generally see themselves as good. Therefore, when…
Read moreAngus Martin
Retired zoologist
This is an extraordinary discussion! I’m a sufficiently enlightened evolutionary biologist to eschew any proposition that monogamy or polygamy or any other mating system is built in to us or is evolutionarily inevitable or “correct”. The fact remains, however, that the fundamental function of mating, and the reason for the existence of sex, is procreation. To the extent that mating systems influence reproductive success they will assuredly be subject to the force of natural selection: how could they not be? Hence any discourse on human mating systems which passes quietly over the fact that mating produces children, and doesn’t even mention the consequences of the system for the children in terms of their number and their well-being, is suffering from a kind of selective blindness. Or, possibly, of a highly-developed capacity to live for today and not worry about tomorrow.
Lisa Milne
logged in via Facebook
Well, yes, but the same is true of systems that assume children as an inevitable outcome of mating - not really for those who use contraception, or are barren, childless by choice or circumstance etc. The latest Census data as discussed elsewhere indicates that this group (at least in Australia) is not inconsiderable.
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Thanks Lauren for another amusing read on sexuality. Allow me to advance the idea that the political economy of the distribution of pleasure inflects the views of those who commit infidelity. As in all political economy the issue is always about power - gaining it, using it, feeling powerful - in relation to an intimate other.
For those on the hurt side of the infidelity equation: it is always better to complete a journey alone than to travel with a fool.
Bob Liddelow
No title
Our piece of the Human social fabric have chosen to connect the partnering/marriage part of our relationships with sexually exclusivity. It has not always been so, just as marriage has not always been so. One may make an observation that both originated from religious teachings and may be construed as a combination of control of the populace and "good behaviour". The use of the term "monogamy" is clouded by our view of it's meaning - the dictionary describes it as being married to one person at a…
Read moreJohn Phillip
John Phillip is a Friend of The Conversation.
Grumpy Old Man
Lauren, thanks for a really well thought out and well written piece. You have clarified a lot of the ideas I have running around in my head on this issue for me and I think you got it 100% right. Cheers
Yoron Hamber
Thinking
Yep.
Cheating is cheating.
Lying is lying.
But then we have peoples ability to lie to themselves to consider :)
Some do it on a daily basis, others by accident, and some only when pressured to their limit. Then you have those people that don't want, or feel able, to live a monogamous life of course. Most all of us will some time look at someone else, and wonder how it would be :) But that's where fidelity steps in, as in knowing that what you got, be it not perfect, still is built over a long time of years and worth a lot in emotional terms.
But we all lie to ourselves at time, and alcohol, or any drugs, will simplify it :)
To err is human, to forgive divine.
David Tuck
Scientist
Great article, and a really well rounded interpretation of human sexuality. The thing about debate on whether or not monogamy is 'natural' is that it tends to tends to focus on humans and excludes the rest of the anumals kingdom. Monogamy is most common in birds (around 90% of species) because both parents are usually needed to protect and feed the young until they are independent, unitl then they are completely helpless. Male and female birds are also equally equiped to assist their offsprind once…
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