Moving beyond weight: Why the focus on size is bad for health

Parents in Australia recently made headlines expressing frustration with a health-care system that confuses weight with health. They’ve been expressing their anger at two related, but separate, offenses. First, their active healthy children are being labelled obese, a term many in the medical and lay…

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There’s a tendency to believe that only obese people need to be educated about unhealthy and unnecessary foods. Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity

Parents in Australia recently made headlines expressing frustration with a health-care system that confuses weight with health.

They’ve been expressing their anger at two related, but separate, offenses. First, their active healthy children are being labelled obese, a term many in the medical and lay community falsely believe to be a disease diagnosis. Second, without being asked about their child’s eating habits and activity levels, they’re being counselled to ensure their kid starts exercising and cuts back on fatty foods, such as whole milk.

Many a fat person can understand the frustration of these parents, as they frequently encounter doctors who refuse to treat fat patients, doctors who refuse to offer any treatment plan except “lose weight” and doctors who regularly shame their fat patients for their fat bodies. You can read stories of fat prejudice in health care in the “First, Do No Harm” blog.

The discourse of the obesity epidemic results in anti-fat attitudes that influence the health of fat people through reduced access to health services, reluctance to seek health care and poorer care from health-care providers.

Fat-o-sphere bloggers have written their own stories about receiving poor medical care. Imagine being a professional dancer who is admonished by a doctor to begin exercising, or having your doctor dismiss the information you provide about your health habits or just call you a liar.

What’s more, how we talk about obesity impacts the health and well-being of all individuals. Health-care professionals are less likely to counsel slim patients about diet and exercise, perhaps falsely believing that they are already engaging in healthy behaviours because of their physique.

Do you know a slim person who eats unhealthy food and never exercises? What about a fat person who exercises regularly and is very careful with the calories they consume? Or a fat person who eats unhealthy food and never exercises because what does it matter when they are already fat and assumed to be unhealthy? What about a slim person who eats unhealthy food, never exercises and never worries about their health because they assume being slim means they must be healthy? Such assumptions are constantly reinforced by our culture.

flickr/neonbubble

A viewpoint article in a recent issue of the New Zealand Medical Journal provides an interesting case study for this point. The article features a list of foods that the authors assert are “non-essential, energy-dense, nutritionally-deficient”. Foods such as fruit tinned in syrup, fruit juice, honey, energy drinks, jam, granola bars, sour cream and toasted muesli join the ranks of the regular suspects of alcohol, cakes, doughnuts and ice cream.

The article begins with the usual obesity epidemic hand wringing and concludes by suggesting that fat patients should be warned away from these foods. News coverage continues this logic – obese people must be educated about these unhealthy and unnecessary foods.

This is the usual discourse of the obesity epidemic and it shows how the authors fail to recognise that if foods are lacking in nutrition then all individuals – regardless of size – should be told to avoid them. Why is the focus, understood as prioritising health, directed only at fat people, who are assumed to be unhealthy based on their weight?

We do everyone a disservice when we get wrapped up in the hype of the obesity epidemic. It’s time to move past the language of weight and hate and adopt the language of health, specifically of Health at Every Size (HAES).

HAES is a new medical paradigm that shifts the focus away from weight and back onto health where it belongs. It embodies a weight-neutral approach, and doesn’t support weight loss for its own sake.

Unsurprisingly, there’s confusion about HAES, so let’s clarify at the outset that it doesn’t suggest that every size is healthy for every body. Rather it asserts that every body, regardless of size, is capable of engaging in healthy behaviours. And it is backed up by empirical evidence that finds improved health outcomes are possible independent of weight loss.

Adopting the HAES approach means moving past the discourse of the obesity epidemic. It means we stop talking about obesity and obese people and weight; it means we start talking about what we claim really matters – health.

Moving past the obesity epidemic discourse means focusing on providing access to nutritious foods for people of all sizes; encouraging enjoyable movement for everyone and; ensuring that people of all sizes have access to effective and evidence-based health care.

And it means we have to start talking about something other than what people weigh.

Join the conversation

13 Comments sorted by

  1. Karen Sloane

    logged in via Facebook

    I absolutely agree. Being slim does not mean you're healthy. We should focus a lot more on nourishing our bodies and a lot less on how much we weigh.

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  2. Peter Ormonde

    Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.

    Farmer

    Too right! I've had it with all these vested interests like doctors jamming their healthist fanaticism down my throat. As if they cared! Or know anything!

    As a lifelong smoker I insist on my absolute birthright to puff on - it's who I am. It has made me the wheezing, gasping, retching wretch I am today. And yet everywhere I am taxed, restricted, thrown out of pubs, restaurants and hospitals... This is real oppression folks - an intrusion by the nanny state into my personal affairs and freedoms…

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    1. Shreyas Iyer

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Peter Ormonde

      I honestly can't tell if you are being sarcastic or not...
      but if you are this comment is hilarious!

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  3. Shreyas Iyer

    logged in via Facebook

    This article makes some good points in terms of unnecessary discrimination and making assumptions that arent true.

    I absolutely agree that being slim does not in any way represent a necessarily "healthy" lifestyle, and similarly that bigger people can be very healthy regardless of their weight.

    I think the reason that obesity itself has become the centre of this whole issue is because obesity itself (ie BMI over 26) is directly related to a whole variety of chronic diseases, and hence in these situations weight loss has a direct relationship with improvement in health.

    However I agree that this weight loss should be healthy and sustainable as opposed to "image-based" and that good health and nutritional goals should be set out for all individuals rather than just those who are overweight.

    All in all it shows the importance of effective communication.

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    1. Peter Ormonde

      Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.

      Farmer

      In reply to Shreyas Iyer

      Couldn't agree more Shreyas.

      Time was when kids were scrawny skinny little critters than ran around all day scraping their knees and only came home to eat. Now little Blaze and Kindling can sit around the house all day, pressing buttons and staring into screens of one sort or another and we can all go out to eat at Maccas or on Tuesdays Pizza Hut. We have made real progress.

      But due to the incessant healthist scorn poured on them by their teachers and the shows like "biggest Loser" I have…

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  4. Tim Scanlon

    Author and Scientist

    It is interesting to note that a lot of the healthy weight guidelines don't actually work for people more than 2 standard deviations from average height, they have recognised that ethnicity and build also make the guidelines useless, and of course the guidelines are just a quick measuring tool, not what they are actually trying to measure.

    For example, the BMI is a relationship between weight and height. This is meant to predict how much fat you are carrying. But it doesn't measure fat, so people who are muscular, taller or shorter than average, or have heavy or light builds, can end up with a false measurement. Ideally medical practitioners would measure bodyfat itself, but that is harder to do accurately, so BMI and waist measures were developed by correlation.

    So it is important to understand the health standards and what they actually stand for.

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  5. Scott Waye

    Academic Health Advisor

    If we place the blame where it truly belongs the USA government will be found guilty. There isn't any need for hormones,steroids and other "growth factors" in the food supply. This is done solely for economically reasons and profit. Sadly,These chemicals disruption digestion acids and cause obesity and diabetes. As usually, money is the root cause of so much of our deteriorating health in the Western world. The FDA has allowed (and may I say caused) the obesity crisis. The blaming of fast food companies is a economically diversion from the true cause. 4.6 million people died of diabetes last year. http://spirithappy.org/wp/2011/09/14/diabetes-now-kills-4-6-million-every-year-diabetic-overweight-or-thin-the-illness-is-taking-lives/ 79 million are Pre- diabetic in the USA this is a national crisis that is going to get worst.

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    1. Tim Scanlon

      Author and Scientist

      In reply to Scott Waye

      As opposed to people eating too much and being too inactive....

      Lets blame anyone but ourselves, that's sure to work.

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    2. Peter Ormonde

      Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.

      Farmer

      In reply to Tim Scanlon

      Sooo true Tim.

      I know for a fact that since I adopted my own rigorous regime of self-indulgence and militant indolence I have never felt so happy or complete.

      On the few occasions when I have been forced to move about I have endangered life and limb, not to mention those of innocent bystanders and rescue teams. In retrospect the solo assault on the Matterhorn was perhaps ill-advised.

      Since I moved the fridge next to the sofa and TV, obviating the risky ventures into what used to be the…

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    3. Tim Scanlon

      Author and Scientist

      In reply to Peter Ormonde

      Lol.

      It is interesting to see the injury rates from sports participation as a juxtaposition to the health dangers of inactivity. Even taking a holiday skiing was more likely to result in ill health than being overweight. But, this is the risk vs reward nature of being active. Interestingly, of all the activities weightlifting was the safest exercise, surprising given the general lack of good training advice in commercial gyms.

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  6. Kath Read

    IT Librarian

    Excellent piece Cat. I myself have been told, when visiting the doctor for an injury I got while riding my bike "You need to exercise and lose weight." No matter how many times (or what way) I tried to express that I had got this injury WHILE EXERCISING, all this doctor saw was FAT FAT FAT FAT FAT. It was like she was sticking her fingers in her ears and going LALALALALALALA!

    Encouraging all people, regardless of their size or current level of health, to nourish their bodies and find joyful activity that they enjoy practicing regularly is the only truly healthful practice. Bodies are not perfect, they don't always look or behave the same, but unless we care for them as best we can without shame or vilification, they are only going to get less healthy, not better.

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  7. Ashlee Betteridge

    logged in via Twitter

    Great piece, so true. I can relate to Kath's post about being told that an injury I got while exercising was because I needed to exercise more because I'm fat... in my case, a shoulder injury from swimming laps (obviously caused by fatness rather than being an injury from exercising) and another was a back injury caused by yoga (according to the GP, it was clearly caused by sitting around doing nothing).

    I also had a doctor in Indonesia blame a water-bourne illness common in developing countries…

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  8. Anthony Nolan

    Ruminant

    Ms Pause, prior to reading this article I don't think that I had any sort of attitude towards fat people. There was the occasional moderate annoyance at fat people who blocked up the footpath and occasional alarm when I observed fat women unable to perform a hand cross over on the steering wheel of their vehicles because of the size of their breasts and an equal degree of alarm when I observed fat men lying almost prone behind the wheel in order to accommodate their stomachs. But apart from those…

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