I worked for seventeen years as a newspaper reporter and editor and as a trade journalist. I completed my master's in 1990 at the University of Florida before earning my doctorate in 1996 at the University of Texas. My research area is media history, and I have published in American Journalism, Journalism History, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, and other related journals. The University of Missouri Press recently published my book, Before Journalism Schools: How Gilded Age Reporters Learned the Rules.