The long anticipated telemovie “Mabo” aired last night on ABC1. Like many, I sat, transfixed, at this story of a proud Murray Island man, Eddie Koiki Mabo, his refusal to bow to endemic racism, his groundbreaking legal fight for Indigenous land rights, his untimely tragic death from cancer only a few months before his final legal victory, and his relationship with his wife Bonita, whose support was crucial in Mabo’s making of history. The telemovie also had personal resonance for me: I am humbled to know or have known some of the other players in this drama, such as the barristers Ron Castan and Bryan Keon Cohen, as well as the director Rachel Perkins.
Mabo reminds us that law can be great. Ultimately, after an 11 year battle that outlived him, Mabo prevailed and terra nullius, a racist and objectively absurd doctrine, was swept away by a 6:1 majority in the High Court. Along the way, a 4:3 majority had struck down the Bjelke Petersen government’s attempt to kill the litigation by retrospectively abolishing native title.
Law can also be terrible. The telemovie reminded us how, not so long ago, that Queensland law dictated segregation in pubs and elsewhere, and that an indigenous person could be refused “permission” to travel home to Murray Island to see his dying adopted father. Indeed, extraordinarily arbitrary powers over Indigenous people were exercised by Patrick Killoran, portrayed in Mabo by Rob Carlton. And it was the old “law” of terra nullius that necessitated the legal battle in the first place.
Law can be intimidating and culturally inflexible. Witness the humiliation of Mabo as a witness before a Queensland court which, ironically, dismissed his personal land title claims in applying white man’s standards to that issue.
The Mabo case was hardly the end of the fight for Indigenous rights in this country. While native title was enshrined in legislation in 1993, it was wound back drastically by the Howard government after the Wik decision in 1998. And native title remains difficult to prove in a court: continuous assertion of customary land rights were difficult to maintain on the mainland (in comparison to Murray Island) in the midst of “the tide of history” of white colonization, and Western requirements of documentary evidence pay little respect to Indigenous oral traditions. And Indigenous socio-economic disadvantage remains a national tragedy, and the Northern Territory Intervention a reminder of how Australian governments can so easily rely on coercion as a solution to Indigenous problems.
Eddie Mabo’s story is a crucial signpost en route to true reconciliation in Australia. It demonstrated just what can be achieved when determined people join together to make the effort to combat injustice. The Mabo case and its legacy were driven by Mabo the activist, his family and fellow plaintiffs, and a key support cast of lawyers, academics and now film-makers. Food for thought as we lead up to a referendum on the constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians.
Rod_Hagen
logged in via Twitter
It is a good time, too, to reflect on matters, legal, ethical, and political that Mabo did not resolve.
The issue of compensation for loss remains problematic in a legal sense, even with respect to post 1975 RDA actions. On ethical and political levels the question remains "live" amongst Aboriginal communities throughout Australia.
If Australia accepts that it was NOT Terra Nullius at the time of non-Indigenous occupation, many argue, then surely the descendants of those who already occupied…
Read moreJohn Coochey
Mr
My understanding was that Mabo actually lost his case but a co applicant made some case law to wit
Read more"Refreshingly, the "teacher notes" attached to the ABC Mabo web pages state a little known fact about the case. Justice Martin Moynihan of the Queensland Supreme Court, where the Eddie Mabo case was first heard, was highly critical of Mabo. Moynihan found that Mabo was "quite capable of tailoring his story to whatever shape he perceived would advance his cause in the particular forum". He stated, in…
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
So here we have a film about a tough minded and successful Aboriginal litigant and activist and what John Coochey cites is Justice Moynihan's comments about Eddie Mabo's credibility as a witness. I guess we can expect a film about the life, times and decisions of Justice Moynihan real soon then? No? Oh, really? Something about 'consigned to the dust bin of history' comes to mind.
After which we get to the nub of John Coochey's grievance when he states "Which lands do I have ancestral rights to simply because my ancestors may have once lived on?"
It's all about you, Mr Coochey, is it?
John Coochey
Mr
No it is all about one law for everyone was that not the cause of "One Nation" if you had read my comment you would have noted that when people are settled on land, even when not for several generations, in the absence of other claims it becomes theirs by occupation. This was particularly true for title going back to early European settlement where land could change hands in the pub with no official documentation. There was also the case in the UK a while ago where someone who had lived on parkland for twenty odd years was told he now owned the block, he commented that this did not seem fair as he had never bought it. In essence the issue of Terra Nulllius was an irrelevant side track
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
You're talking about adverse possession. It is always a mistake to take one legal idea and turn it into a general principle.
John Coochey
Mr
That does not answer my point
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Oh, I see. So, your point is that the Mabo decision created different laws for different people according to cultural identity. I think. If that is indeed your point then my response is that the Mabo decision opened the door to recognizing original title in the land. That original title was ignored during the period when the land was being taken by force or by stealth.
So, the Mabo decision actually institutes the rule of one law for all by recognizing the legal rights of people whose rights were previously ignored. That way, instead of having one law for whitefellas that says 'you can take what you want by any means possible' and one for blackfellas that says 'you never owned it by any means that we whitefellas recognize' now we have the rule of law for all.
John Coochey
Mr
So how does that enable people of European ancestry who presumably had land "stolen" from them. I have a friend who is a quarter aboriginal but did not find out until prosperous middle age, what land should he claim? As it is his children are eligible for special scholarships which give them double the normal student allowance and they have never faced any hardship in their lives.
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
"I have a friend who is a quarter aboriginal ..."
Well, as my koori mates would ask...which bit is Aboriginal? The legs?
If you aren't aware by now that Aboriginal identity is highly regulated and jealously guarded by Land Councils, in NSW at least, then it is clear that you haven't the least idea what you are talking about. If he isn't accepted by the local community as Aboriginal, then he isn't. Take his identity up with him, mate. If you want to quibble about what consitutes Aboriginal identity then go down to your local Land Council and explain to them how misguided they are. I'm sure they'll welcome your insights with open arms.
John Coochey
Mr
So how come his kids get aboriginal scholarships? And what is an aboriginal community, the definition is tautological. If a group of people get together and say we are aboriginal and we recognize each other does that make them aboriginal? And what happens when two or more groups claim the same land?
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Well, you know the facts of the matter more than I do. I didn't say your mate wasn't Aboriginal, did I? I just said that recognition as Aboriginal is subject to a process. So, if you want to seek, with like minded friends, recognition of Aboriginality, then do so. Understand, however, that recognition of Aboriginality depends on community acceptance rather than crude measures like percentage of parentage.
In fact, you need to grasp that referring to Aboriginal heritage in terms of percentage or fractions is precisely the sort of thinking that drove the mechanism of the stolen generations in the first instance. 'Rabbit Proof Fence' illustrates this history in a tidy way.
It's worth noting that, as usual, the mere mention of Aboriginal people in public space brings grievance bearing people like you out of the woodwork. Talk about complain. What is your problem with Aboriginal people anyway?
John Coochey
Mr
This is the sort of gobbledegook that Andrew Bolt was writing about, two sister one aboriginal the other not despite the same parentage, what a nonsense
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Oh noes. The Judge who convicted Bolt did so wrongly. First Mabo, now this. What are we to do about the Australian judiciary. It seems the only judges we can trust are Queenslanders.
Answer my question: why do you always pop your head up full of whinges every time someone mentions Aboriginal people?
John Coochey
Mr
I am not winging at all simply making points you are unable to answer sensibly
John Coochey
Mr
My understanding is that the term Stolen Generation was been debunked by Windshuttle and the book was called the forgotten generation until just prior to publication. Interestingly not one case of compensation has ever been paid for being"stolen" the only compensation was to someone returned to a dysfunctional parent, this despite millions of dollars in legal fees which could have been better spent. But let us cut to the chase, who has actually benefited from Mabo except where mineral rights are involved?
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
I'd be interested to know what it was about Keith Windshuttle's arguments that you found so persuasive. Let me know how exactly he debunked the term 'Stolen Generation'. In your view.
John Coochey
Mr
Space denies me the opportunity to do his research justice sufficient to say he examined all primary records of removals and the reasons given. This research has never been rebutted, it unfortunate he is not aggressive enough in debate but I remember the discomfort of a local ABC interviewer when an overseas expert in the field referred respectfully to his research.
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Transfixed indeed. Eddie Mabo ranks as a genuinely great Australian. A compelling film about great struggle and a truly significant win. Anyone who ever played a part can take pride in that story.
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Why should I have been surprised to recently read of the role and support of Jewish Barrister Ron Casten.
There was a connection shared from back in 1938, when Aboriginal activist William Cooper marched from his home in Footscray to the German Consulate in protest of persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Government of Germany, history that I'm sure the majority of Australians don't know about.
I too was transfixed by the movie and appalled at the attititude of Queensland Premier of the day Joh Bjelke Peterson in the flash backs.
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
If I had the same human rights that I would possess as a citizen of the United States, I would be able to express my views on this topic.
However I am afraid that I may offend some people, and we know where that leads these days ....
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
I am disappointed that my red score is currently only 5.
Would it be offensive to anybody if I referred to a judge's assessment of a certain person involved in this case?
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Only to the memory of the judge Philip.
Contrary to your earlier post there is no law in Australia that prohibits being offensive or hurtful to people. There are however laws that protect classes of persons from vilification - meaning that it illegal to smear a whole group of people because of their race, religion or ethnicity.
But go ahead - feel free to quote Moynihan's extraordinary denunciation of Eddie Mabo if you feel it has significance.
John Coochey
Mr
So questioning anyone who claims to belong to a particular groups as to what really is their ancestry is not now against the law? I earlier gave the example of a friend of many decades who found that he was a quarter aboriginal when in comfortable middle age. As he did not look aboriginal, even he himself did not know, there is no way he could have suffered any disadvantage from being aboriginal nor could his children who went to private schools. Why now should they receive "compensation"?
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
The thread, John Coochey, is about Eddie Mabo. Why are you dragging your poor friend into the discussion? Again. I don't even believe you've seen the film.
John Coochey
Mr
At last you have got something right! I have not seen the film because I do not base my views on TV drama
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
And you never let the facts get in the way of your prejudices either. Without seeing the film of Eddie Mabo's life, which puts all of his actions in context, then you simply just could not know what you are talking about. You do know the difference between informed opinion and hot air, don't you? The former has authority lacking in the latter. This is why no self respecting person takes either you or Bolt seriously.
John Coochey
Mr
Yes and no one should ever comment on Middle Eastern international relations without seeing "Exodus" nor US Mexican relations without seeing "The Alamo"
Rod_Hagen
logged in via Twitter
If you really want to learn something about the situation, but don't trust the movie for some reason, I'd suggest you read Dr. Keon-Cohen QC's "Mabo in the Courts" (Nth Melbourne, 2011) if you can find a copy - it is in very high demand. Once you've done so, you might know enough to talk about the matter sensibly. I doubt that you will feel the same way about the situation after reading it, though.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
John,
I live in a tiny little town with a pretty aboriginal name. There is a local memorial swimming pool. But curiously there is no plaque to mark the day that black kids were actually allowed to swim in it. 1973. This bit of local history - that black kids were ever banned - is not remembered, not part of the memorial. Nor is there any memento at the local cinema, or the pub... never happened. See all is forgiven and forgotten. At least by us.
There is a local bloke who works as…
Read moreJohn Coochey
Mr
Once again thank you for making my case! He did inherit the remains of a business from his loving white adopted parents which provided the deposit for a large house in a prestigious suburb. He met his birth mother from whom he had been removed because of her alcoholism did not particularly like her and the children who had not been removed have not fared well
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Exactly John - much better off not being a boong isn't he? We did him a favour? Who needs to know about all that abo stuff when you've got a nice house and can get away from all that history and ancestry. Nice house, prestigious suburb, private schools - that's what counts isn't it?
Not for everyone John. Some people want to feel like they belong here, want to know who their parents are, where they come from, what they had taken from them. Some folks just want a nice respectable white sort…
Read moreAnthony Nolan
Ruminant
So, without having seen the film of Eddie Mabo's life you're prepared to claim that it has no more veracity than the film 'Alamo' does in relation to Mexican history?
John Coochey
Mr
Once again I think you have made my point for me but I must say I find your racist position offensive even if it is that of the "noble savage".
John Coochey
Mr
Correct and neither am I going to see Happy Feat because a Green's candidate shows it proves that the Antarctic is being overfished.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Aw heck John I wouldn't want to offend you of all people with my "racist position" ... I have this awful habit of talking to my audience in their own ideas and words - even the unspoken ones. Strewth you even have a friend who has a bit of blackfella in him... but white enough for a mate eh?
Anyway I'm glad you are feeling vindicated John and that I am making your arguments for you ...others might not agree but we'll let history be the judge ...it always is. And, apparently unlike all the other judges in Australia, history always gets it right, eventually.
John Coochey
Mr
I do not normally reply to gibberish but I lost the thread of how Mabo somehow enabled the aboriginal use of a swimming pool decades earlier can someone run that past me again?
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Sorry John - I thought you'd understand - what with having a "friend" with a black foot and all...
Quite simply my point is that discrimination and segregation was widely practiced in Australia right up until recent memory ... living memory John - at least in the memories of those subjected to it. There were - and indeed still are - very good reasons why one would not want to "admit" to being Aboriginal if one can get away with it.
But it appears that your "friend" is able to both fit into a prestigious suburb and yet decide he's an Aboriginal if there's a quid in it. Pity. That money is there for folks that need it.
Sorry if that was unclear.
John Coochey
Mr
Once again completely my point. Aboriginal welfare can and has slipped into the middle class welfare syndrome epitomized by the Whitlam era National Employment and Training Program designed for blue collar training which soon became a have for the middle class to get excessive scholarships to go to university. I have no problem with special grants for special needs providing it is not based on ancestry rather than the disadvantage that stemmed from that ancestry, but it should be on a needs basis.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Couldn't agree more John.
Some bloke with a black foot who inherited his nice house in a prestigious suburb is obviously not in any way black enough, and has obviously had it too good for too long.
So here you go:
http://www.centrelink.gov.au/internet/internet.nsf/about_us/fraud_how.htm
Just a phone call. Do your bit for justice and the rule of law.
Anthony Nolan
Ruminant
Is there a handbook of "One-Liners For The Bitter And Lonely" you are working from?
Gil Hardwick
Anthropologist
Well, yes, here I risk being challenged all over again on WHOSE SIDE I AM ON, yet I'm on everybody's side except under the system we have in place in this country, it seems, nobody's, and likely to be crucified anyway.
Why is Eddie Mabo so important? Eddie Mabo is so important because he stood up to a fundamental injustice in the notion of 'terra nullius' by which England claimed radical sovereignty over the continent, and by which all Australian law was being wrongly interpreted.
Why is Joh…
Read morePeter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Excellent piece on an excellent subject - a long time in the making.
But as you say Howard gutted much of the original spirit of the Keating legislation and the High Court decision. Hopefully this will be redressed by the current government this year as foreshadowed.
Now as for Eddie Mabo not having a good education I'd disagree... he had self respect, knew who he was, and in true Australian fashion, wouldn't tolerate bullies and bullshit. For all practical purposes I reckon Mr Mabo got the best education on offer in Queensland at the time - the Townsville wharfies and the likes of Henry Reynolds. More educated than most Queenslanders I suspect. Just reminds one of the lasting value of ratbags and outsiders in this culture of ours.
But don't go getting too comfy all you lawyers. Overturning a flagrant falsehood embodied in Terra Nullius is one thing - like admitting to gravity - but there is much much more work to be done. Send more hero lawyers please.