Australians are in a unique place today – we are witnessing our democracy being called to account.
The nature of Australian democracy is being debated by on the one hand, its Treasurer and on the other, one of its richest men. They have fought it out in the nation’s media in two key articles.
The first is an emotional essay by Wayne Swan in The Monthly magazine, and the second a comparatively short response by Clive Palmer in Fairfax media outlets today. Both boil down to how Australians understand equality – a core principle of the theory of “basic democracy”.
A question of equality
It is mainly economic equality – or, to be more precise, inequality – that is at stake. This is not about individuality, which Palmer appears to think is the issue at hand.
His tirade is essentially calling on the government and citizenry of Australia to leave him, and presumably other truly unusually wealthy individuals, alone – but that is not human society. No one person is an island.
Nor, would I argue, is Mr Swan calling for anything beyond what for example Hans Blokland, John Maynard-Keynes, Franklin D Roosevelt and Barack Obama have argued in the past. All look to a competitive, compassionate, and sustainable capitalist system where individuals are celebrated, social networks are promoted, and the whole citizenry enjoys the advancements and peace of our times.
How does Australia stack up?
We can look overseas to help understand the nature of this debate. When we think of shrinking the income gap, many turn to Scandinavia. But many other countries, like Switzerland, Germany, France, greater China, El Salvador, and Spain score similar economic points when it comes to quality of life.
Switzerland, while boasting many elite wealthy individuals, is in general one of the world’s highest paying countries. There is a sense there that everyone should have access to the best society can offer, that every individual is important and should have a “fair go”, that people will be helped to get back on their feet if they fall, and that they will give back to society generously.
What else, save for including concern for the environment, could be nobler?
Economic acts of violence

International standards, as formed by the United Nations and its affiliated institutions like the International Labour Organization or the United Nations Development Program, argue that economic disparity between people in any given society foments violence, resentment, and the breakdown of democracy.
It is not, as Palmer suggested, the other way around. Indeed, as Professor John Keane and other internationally recognised experts have expressed, democracy cannot operate well when violence abounds and fractures the citizenry. I will extend the point further and argue that one individual amassing unimaginable sums of money is actually committing an act of economic violence.
International standards promote the reduction of economic disparity for many reasons including the reduction of violence and the improvement of democracy.
Swan on the money
Most scholars agree there are two main tenets of modern democracy. The first is the capacity for citizens to reach decisions and to right whatever wrongs there may in a non-violent way. The second is for citizens to be able to improve and progress their condition.
It is truly difficult to argue that democracy does not stand for at least those two things. For this reason, Wayne Swan’s position is the right position for Australia, as it is for all other polities internationally.
Clive Palmer, and I address this to you, unless you place yourself on a salary cap, agree to sharing the wealth that your market-tactics have created with Australians, as well as offer any profits that exceed your salary-cap to projects addressing societal problems, there is no legitimacy in your position.
Clive’s behind the times
There is great anxiety among scholars over the influence of money, vested interests, and corporate lobbies in most modern governments.
Moves looking to place spending caps on political campaigns, caps on the salaries of politicians, and the banning of private contributions are all in motion – so too are far more robust accountability, transparency and anti-corruption measures.
This is happening almost across the board internationally and speaks to the need to ensure individuals are not getting shafted by the wealthy and powerful.
Swan’s position is more in line with the broad international and deep humanistic ethos of democracy. Palmer has no legitimacy and his comments have served to further erode the power of money, crass materialism and useless greed.
Timothy Curtin
Economic adviser
Jean-Paul: you are both very naive and factually incorrect when you say:
"Both boil down to how Australians understand equality – a core principle of the theory of “basic democracy”."
Equality of income and outcome has nothing to do with basic democracy, other than in the trivial sense of one person one vote.
Do read the excellent article in today's Australian (and at Catallaxy) by Henry Ergas. My comment here is just to strengthen the case he makes:
In 2003-04 there were 11 million…
Read moreMichael Shand
Michael Shand is a Friend of The Conversation.
Software Tester
Just a quick question, do you see in-equality as a societal issue?
You seem to be a little reactive and suggesting that in-equality is natural (I agree) and will never ever cause any problems
or at the very least you are down playing the issues that vast in-equality can lead to
John Nicol
logged in via Facebook
Yes Tim, Henry Ergas made a very strong case which completely out guns the limited basis upon which this main article is based. The claims above that Clive Palmer should "cap" his income is so naive. It is his spending rather than his income which defines his "share" of the nation's resources, not his income. His income is thus effectively capped by the inability of one person to spend more than a very small proportion of the money he earns.
In the process of earning his money, he has had…
Read moreMichael Romano
Senior Systems Engineer
John Nicol, you are completely misguided as to the benefits Palmer and the like provide to the economy. It looks like you're trying to explain the multiplier effect, but you're percentages are all nonsense. As Joseph Stiglitz has stated many times, a widening gap between the rich and poor ultimately makes everyone poorer, it's just that the rich don't know it yet. The perception of big business growing the pie for everyone in the economy is a complete myth that people like yourself want to perpetuate…
Read moreJean-Paul Gagnon
Honorary Research Fellow, POLSIS and SMP at University of Queensland
Dear Timothy (if I may),
Thank you kindly for your note. I'd like to address a number of your points starting with the first about "basic democracy." Here's a link to a paper that set out my theory of basic democracy (http://www.tfd.org.tw/docs/dj0602/001-022%20Jean-Paul%20Gagnon.pdf) - indeed I was the one to coin this theorem and have been conducting research on this topic for some years. So it is unlikely that I am naive or factually incorrect (it is rather impolite of you to say such things…
Read moreRamapriya Ramanuja
Avian Consultant
I agree that the access to massive wealth by a number of individuals and some businesses in this country who and which use that wealth to access more power over the national conversation is a definite threat to democracy - because it is the stories that we hear that frequently shape our ideas and affect how we vote. A society will make its best decisions when it has a well rounded range of opinions to study and digest and we are not currently getting this in Australia.
Andrew Glikson
Earth and paleo-climate scientist at Australian National University
It all happened before, i.e. the evolution from democracy to plutarchy.
Some relevant quotes related to Ancient Greece:
"Plutocracy (from Greek ploutokratia); from Ancient Greek ploutos, meaning "wealth", and kratos, meaning "power, rule") is rule by the wealthy, or power provided by wealth. The combination of both plutocracy and oligarchy is called plutarchy"
"Robert Michels believed that any political system eventually evolves into an oligarchy. He called this the iron law of oligarchy…
Read moreChris Sanderson
CEO
It seems the western world is going through a re-evaluation of moral values that we have not had since the ‘70’s.
I’m in the middle of George Lakoff’s book on this subject: ‘Don’t Think of an Elephant’, which has got my attention.
For me, at the forefront of this battle is the realization that globally, we are in the process of eventually causing the demise of humanity (and most other livings things) by continuing to burn fossil fuels and thus progressively thickening the CO2 blanket that…
Read moreShaun Newman
disabled pensioner
We elect governments to govern, this is what Swan is doing, in the national interest, Mr. Palmer can get as rich as he likes, but calling for the abolition of the mining tax is clearly only in Mr. Palmer's interests. Australia is a young nation with much infrastructure yet to build. Whether the rich want to pay tax or not is really academic, if low income workers can pay tax when they can't make ends meet every week, Mr. Palmer and his fellow billionaires have no right to try to evade their public responsibility.
Shaun Newman
disabled pensioner
Michael,
Yes I see the Australian "fair go" as being important. There will always be those self interested people that will put themselves before the needs on the nation. Egalitarianism is a long practiced Aussie moral issue. We don't mind how much any one person makes as long as they fulfill their basic moral, ethical and legal responsibilities to contribute to the building of this nation in a fair and equitable way.
Paul Wilson
Academic
A typical academic view of life. People such as the author are probably safe in a tenured albiet moderately paid but fully government funded profession teaching theory. No personal capital at risk (and it is not as though they do not posses the education to do so), and yet want their cloistered life to continue indefinitely.
The author has decided how much everyone needs to earn and how they should spend their own money. He says "Those that net high into the six figures or in seven figures however…
Read moreJim Wright
Retired Civil/Structural Engineer, IT Consultant/Contractor
The mining industry is a very specific area that requires special attention. First of all, the materials dug up and exported are an asset of the nation. The mining companies pay us something for it in the way of royalties. However, in providing these materials, when the mine is exhausted, the miners walk away leaving a parcel of land which is not useful for any other purpose (though if located conveniently, one could perhaps store water in the hole). The miner makes a profit and pays tax. However…
Read moreJohn Nicol
logged in via Facebook
Jim,
You may not have been reading the reports on the standards of income which have changed in the last 12 or so years in which the relative incomes of the poorer paid workers have increased much more than those in the brackets defined as rich. While re-distribution of income is obviously most desirable, the rality is that this has been taking place even though the difference between rich and poor in absolute terms does not change.
What is certain, as the Russian and Eastern Europe experiemtns…
Read moreJim Wright
Retired Civil/Structural Engineer, IT Consultant/Contractor
John,
Read moreYou did not read my post carefully enough. Properties and businesses are held in trust, well out of the reach of government. Also, I was not lauding the French revolutionaries or the Russian communists, but merely saying that an economy subjected to very high inequality stress can generate some really bad decisions. Anyway, my proposition was merely a hypothetical, and to expect perfection when comparing it with the existing imperfect system is a bit of a stretch. However, if we assume that…
Roger Lamb
logged in via Twitter
Re: "Clive Palmer, and I address this to you, unless you place yourself on a salary cap, ..." etc.
The odd thing about greed is that is has no ceiling. "Enough is enough" is unknown to greed.
It is a maximizing attitude; mere 'satisficing' is absurd to greed.
John Nicol
logged in via Facebook
Does anyone here remeber the multimillion dollar campaign mounted by the Unions Movement against Work Choices? No? I thought not.
This campaign held at election time, swamps anything that has ever appeared from the mining or any other industry. Did Wayne Swan or Julia Gillard or Keven Rudd, ever condemn the unions who represent less than 15% of the work force, half of whom proabably didnn't agree, but their funds were used anyway? No way, Jose. Unions good; mining companies (which provide…
Read moreShaun Newman
disabled pensioner
Jim, yes we seem to receive the benefits at a time we cannot necessarily make the best use of them. I like you plan, it makes good sense.
Shaun Newman
disabled pensioner
John Nicol the rich man's servant dramatizes his argument with pathetic language, we ordinary Australians want a continuation of the "fair go" approach that has been our tradition. Egalitarianism can't be afforded these days he claims, this is only blatant unholy greed and selfishness at work. We don't want to become another USA.
John Nicol
logged in via Facebook
Shaun,
I am sorry to know you are disabled. I am not but I am still a "pensioner"!
I am certainly not carrying a can for Clive Palmer, but the logic of trying to drag him down with the language of envy, when but for the Clive Palmers of this nation we would all be dependent on the car industry and other government supported manufacturing....come to think of it, if car manufacturing requires a subsidy of this country's citizen's money, then it is not returning us ANYTHING but the prestige of saying we produce cars. It is actually using up some of what we had!!!! Yeah, I think I'll support Clive Palmer and his ilk. I need the income which I get just from the prosperity in the Australian economy which Clive helps to provide. John Nicol
Shirley Birney
retiree
Former real estate agent, “Professor” Clive “kick arse” Palmer displays all the vulgar and tasteless ostentation of the nouveau riche. This is a bully who is indeed a member of an oligarchy/plutocracy that has grown fat on chewing Momma Nature’s butt in an industry that conspires to pollute with impunity and one that employs a mere two percent of the workforce.
Palmer and his political and corporate stooges make a mockery of every Environmental Protection Act in a nation of fawning trembling sycophants who roll over at the mere threat of “going offshore.” Fat chance of that!
John Nicol
logged in via Facebook
Dear Shirley,
Your language is so charming that I have already made a copy of your piece for future reference. Oligarchy and plutocracy are big meaningful words for someone who speaks so eloquntly.
I hadn't realised either that you have apparently been up in the mining areas to study the environmental damage which that wretch Palmer has done. Good on you for that. Australia needs people with the courage to go out in the bush and really mix it with the ruffians who are out there. It really is amazing how these people manage to keep this countries balance of payments in the black and allow the rest of us to live at a higher standard than we have ever known before. John Nicol
Shirley Birney
retiree
Why John I am deeply humbled at your kind words and me a “mining ruffian” who ‘speaks’ so ‘eloguntly’ (sic) too and whose “ruffian” family have been in the mining industry since 1897 – you know pioneers of the goldfields and all that tosh?
I daresay John your flattering remarks could inspire me to write a book perhaps titled:
“Dirty diggers, dirty money - the double-dealing demise of the Golden Mile?”
Read moreNow John have you perused the WA’s Miners’ Book of Remembrance that pays homage to…
Andrew Glikson
Earth and paleo-climate scientist at Australian National University
Shirley, You will be interested in Monbiot's new article
http://www.monbiot.com/2012/03/05/a-manifesto-for-psychopaths/
Shirley Birney
retiree
Andrew, Monbiot’s intriguing article reminds me that Rand’s clones are meddling in Australian politics.
Rand’s disciple, Rush Limbaugh (the Republicans' friend) exemplifies her malice to the delight of devotees including the Christian Taliban. Hilariously Rand was an atheist:
"Socks is the White House cat. But did you know there is also a White House dog?"
— while holding up a photograph of 13-year-old Chelsea Clinton
"Either he didn't take his medication or he's acting."
Read more— on Michael…
Cris Kerr
Volunteer Community Health Researcher, Advocate for the value of Patient Testimony
Sustainability and Environment
Unlike farmers who can sustainably re-use land over and over again, minerals and gases, once extracted, are gone forever. This means there is a tipping point somewhere in Australia's future, where resources could be depleted. Mining practices also degrade Australia's environment.
If the government raises additional revenue from mining to invest in reducing the environmental impact of mining and also into economic diversification that reduces Australia's future economic reliance on mining and strengthens our capacity to weather economic fluctuations... is this not in everyone's best interest, including mine owners, executives, and share holders... all of us... as we are all stakeholders in Australia's future economy, and all of us enjoy our beautiful natural environments?