Republish

You are free to republish this article both online and in print, as long as you follow some simple guidelines, which are summarised here:

1. Unless you have express permission from the author, you can’t edit our material, except to reflect relative changes in time, location and editorial style. To make material edits contact us
2. You have to credit our authors and partner institutions — ideally in the byline.
3. You have to credit The Conversation — ideally at the top of the article and include our logo — with a link back to either our home page, The Conversation, or (preferably) the specific article URL on The Conversation website.
4. If space is tight, you can run the first few lines of the article and then say: “Read the full article at The Conversation” with a link back to the article page on our site.
5. If you’re republishing online, you must use our page view counter, link to us, and include links from our story.
6. It’s okay to put our articles on pages with ads, but you can’t sell our material separately.
7. You have to confirm that you're licensed to republish images in our articles. Some sources, such as AAP, don't allow their images to be republished without permission.