Make a list of ten men in your life — perhaps your father, your partner, your friends, and some of your colleagues. It’s likely that at least one man on your list is struggling with the traumatic legacy of child sexual abuse. And the odds are that he’s suffering in silence.
I recently published a research paper that investigates how a history of sexual abuse can influence men’s experiences of fatherhood. Survivors of abuse speak of their fear that they will abuse their own children, their discomfort with displaying affection, and their overprotective parenting styles.
What’s most remarkable is that although a large number of Australian fathers are facing these difficulties, my research was the first to directly investigate this topic.
A loud silence
It’s not that nothing is said about child abuse. Over the past few years, we’ve seen much press on institutional cover-ups. And the perceived failings of child protection departments are a media staple. But when it comes to the lives of ordinary men wrestling with the trauma of sexual abuse, there has been relative silence.
Partly, this issue is hidden because much of the increased attention to the problems of child sexual abuse was generated by the awareness-raising activities of the feminist movement. While this has undoubtedly been a positive development, it’s also meant that sexual violence has come to be construed by many as an issue that only affects women and children.
Another reason the effects of sexual abuse on men is seldom addressed is that it challenges our culture’s traditional notions of masculinity, some of the key features of which are the expression of aggression and sexual prowess, self-reliance, stoicism, and even homophobia.
Because the act of sexual abuse commonly exposes boys to a sexual experience with another male and casts them as victims, it places them in a position that’s starkly at odds with the traditional masculine ideal. And the path to recovery often requires an emotional bravery and an openness to vulnerability that some continue to consider weak or “feminine”.

Cultural images of how “real men” should think, feel and act can create powerful barriers to male survivors of abuse disclosing their experiences to others, accepting their experiences as ones that may have had a formative influence on their lives, and healing from the trauma of their abuse. If we don’t challenge these cultural images, then our inaction implicitly supports them.
Discourse of blame
When it comes to fathers, my research found there are further reasons for survivors to keep their history of abuse hidden. Here the problem is not only silence, but also misinformation. Many male survivors are acutely aware of what has been called the “victim to offender” discourse; that is, the idea that a boy who experiences sexual abuse will almost certainly go on to perpetrate similar abuse.
This discourse is uncritically reproduced in the media, in government reports and publications, and even in the literature of child abuse prevention organisations. The website of one such organisation states that “95% of child abusers were themselves abused as children”, but gives no indication of what percentage of sexually abused boys do not go on to become perpetrators. It creates the impression that the passage from victim to offender is automatic.
The “victim to offender” discourse promotes a very one-sided interpretation of the facts. Research indicates that while certain childhood experiences, including neglect and sexual abuse, are associated with an increased risk of becoming a perpetrator of child sexual abuse, only a small minority of survivors go on to become perpetrators. Most men who were sexually abused as children wouldn’t dream of repeating such abuse – but many feel they will be treated with suspicion if they reveal their history.
We need to talk with and about male survivors of child sexual abuse, and we need to do it in ways that give men the space, support and encouragement to open up about their problems. Although there are a handful of excellent advocates and services for male survivors in Australia, they are fighting powerful cultural ideals and narratives that tell men, in many subtle ways, to keep their mouths shut.
We need to talk about male survivors of child sexual abuse, but we must do so sensibly. Too often when men are framed as the victims of violence, the issue is co-opted by what academic Michael Flood calls “angry men’s movements” (socially conservative, anti-feminist men’s rights and father’s rights groups) in whose hands the recognition of men’s pain can easily become an instrument of division, rather than an opportunity for understanding and healing.
We need to have these conversations because too many men — our fathers, partners, friends and colleagues — are currently struggling to deal with this awful trauma on their own.
Comments on this article are now closed.
Jeff Poole
logged in via Facebook
Thank you Rhys.
As a survivor of abuse myself I've noticed that I tend to shy away from any unsupervised contact with friends' kids of a similar age to mine when I was abused - around age seven.
I know, intellectually, that I'm not in any way attracted to them but I'm aware that there is an undercurrent, an irrational fear, that I might be seen as a potential abuser.
So thank you for naming that nebulous fear as the result of the all-pervasive “victim to offender” discourse.
I'm not a father, and I never will be. I cannot imagine the pain that a father must go through looking at his adored child and remembering...
You are doing fine and important work. Thank you again.
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Your perfectly right Jeff, the call for a Royal Commission into abuse by clerics in this instance, are bringing more men out of the dark it's wicked and across the broad spectrum of society.
I can only thank God for the preservation of my own, and a mother's intution.
Mister A
Mental Health Advocate
Thank you for starting this public dialogue in such a sensible way. Well done. I'm in my early 40's, have 4 kids and a beautiful wife. The lasting effects of the abuse that was perpetrated against me have pervaded every area of my life; friend, husband, son, brother, father, professional, no area goes untouched. We must get this out in the open and make it safe for men to talk.
Again, thank you Rhys.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Excellent.
I think we should also be looking carefully at the applicability of various psychological interventions.
A good mate of mine -haunted by fragmented memories undertook a course of EMDR - a technique with significant benefits for traumatic damage particularly with torture victims. But gee it'd want to be scoring some better outcomes than are evident in my mate's case.
He's not "haunted" and has put the fragments into something like a coherent narrative, no longer has contact with his mum or dad and has "got on with it". But at his core he is still struggling to rebuild his life and his sense of self and worth.
It seems the journey of recovery might be bloody endless. There's gotta be something more effective than that.
David Thompson
Research Officer In Men's Health at University of Western Sydney
Well done Rhys and the AIFS for shedding light on this subject. Men who are abused carry a lifelong burden of shame and guilt and the disproportionate nature of male suicide has its roots in the deep trauma suffered over a lifetime. If we are ever to make inroads into resolving male suicide, we need more recognition of the impacts of factors such as abuse even at a young age and the trauma it places on men for their entire lives.
Alan Marshall
logged in via Facebook
Most powerful message, thank you Rhys.
Jason Humble
top secret
Thank-you for posting - very brave! There is an aspect however that is often overlooked and which needs much more attention. From the Canadian Children's Rights Council - "Sexual Predators: 25% are female... 86% of the victims of female sexual predators aren't believed, so the crimes go unreported and don't get prosecuted."
Because of society's sexist stereotypes (that women are good/angels; men are bad/devils) these female predators can destroy many lives and get away with it quite easily…
Read moreJason Humble
top secret
Secondly, for those who like Australian data, this is from an Australian government website: "Up to 1 in 3 victims of sexual assault & at least 1 in 3 victims of family violence & abuse is male (perhaps as many as 1 in 2) ... In violent couples the most common pattern was for only the woman to be violent ... least common was male-only violence ... 14% of physical violence between dating partners was perpetrated by males only, 21% by females only ... Almost 1 in 2 adult victims of family homicide & 1 in 3 victims of intimate partner homicide were male ... Yet previous governments have been unable to acknowledge or offer any services for these [male] victims. This conscious neglect is in itself a form of social violence – the Australian Government’s human rights obligations require it to cater equitably for the needs of all, regardless of gender." ... Data is derived from numerous government & academic studies - see http://www.oneinthree.com.au/overview/
Anne Powles
logged in via Twitter
I also think we should look at the also equally underreported abuse by women on children. The emphasis currently is very skewed. It is very clear that this abuse is usually not violent, however it occurs and many people still express surprise even at this possibility.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
And there is an issue what what we think of as abuse. My mate mentioned above is actually angrier about his mum - who turned a "blind eye", denied it, did nothing - than he is with the actual perpetrator. The violation of trust and the lying scars very deep indeed.
Christopher Anderson
logged in via LinkedIn
Rhys,
Thank you very much for this outstanding article. I have shared with our community through MaleSurvivor's Facebook page.
Research shows that 1 in 6 males are sexually abused before the age of 16. If anything your thought experiment is likely missing a one or two more survivors. The truth is that there are far more male survivors in our midst than we currently realize and very few of us get the hope and support we need in order to heal.
We also know that well over 80% of male survivors…
Read moreJohn Harland
bicycle technician
And at least some of those other five out of six were lucky enough to become suspicious in time of the potential abuser's intentions.
Now there's a challenge: attempting to impart that understanding to children and grandchildren without making them suspicious of every adult around them.
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Imparting the understanding to children would, and in fact has been a challenge, the open slather clerical collars present half the time the child wouldn't and again, haven't been believed anyway and have/had a hell of a job proving it!
Until recently.
Comment removed by moderator.
Mister A
Mental Health Advocate
Mr Hardwick,
Some of what you said early in your comment was great, "My own findings suggest that quite as many men instead of being traumatised by the reported childhood experience learned from it and were subsequently better positioned to help and advise children" for instance.
However, I found most of your diatribe rude, insensitive and inappropriate in this particular forum. I hope that the wife of a friend of mine who committed suicide only weeks ago after struggling to ever come to terms or cope with the resultant feelings of despair and self-loathing that he experienced after multiuple abuses by a Catholic Priest as a child, does not stumble upon what you've said here. She is now raising three small sons on her own.
I'm sure your intent was not to be offensive and inconsiderate, but it certainly comes across that way and yet again men are belittled and left feeling invalidated.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Every "defence" in the book... every self serving "justification" ... the trivialisation, the rush to become themselves the victim of a conspiracy of "moralisers" and wowsers... "I was only doing research" - I have "findings". Erk. Why the deformed have little chance of recovery... the complete lack of empathy and understanding - it's all about them, these perps.
Comment removed by moderator.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
And teach them to keep well clear of predatory anthropologists undertaking "research" on them. Erk.
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
I too thank you for bringing the subject to the fore.
As a mother, I can't bear the thought of the betrayal and robbing of innocence of now adult children, struggling with their emotions..
At the moment submissions are still being put forward to the Parliamentry Inquiry into abuse by clerical personell and to hear some of these men breaking their silence and speaking for the first time is heart breaking.
Judy Courtin is doing a stellar job of standing publicly in solidarity with them.
Gil Hardwick
Anthropologist
Here we go, another round, suggesting perhaps that a few wannabe commentators here might rather check their facts, which is the core issue being addressed, rather than sit there 'empathising' with intellectual constructs and from that launching ad hominem attacks.
Again, no 'research' on children merely observations while raising my own kids, working with other parents, all the kids growing up together and now already graduated from university or in their final years, the remainder with good…
Read morePeter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Meet Gil Hardwick
http://evil-unveiled.com/Gil_Hardwick
Gil Hardwick
Anthropologist
Meet the real Gil Hardwick and his many supporters and professional connections, not the invented Gil Hardwick set up to suit someone's bizarre political agenda.
http://gilhardwick.com.au
http://au.linkedin.com/in/gilhardwick
And while you're at it, do a WHOIS lookup on this fake 'Evil Unveiled' website, note where they are variously hosted and how often they are moved around to avoid arrest, try to locate its owners. Failing that, email me and I'll provide you with the documents myself…
Read moreLynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
You must have had your head buried in the sand forever Gil irrespective of all, is it your or one of your children's qualifications.
Ever heard of Tardun in Wetern Australia, watched The Boys of St Vincents, based on fact let alone whats gone on here in Victoria, with children with disabilities ravaged. by religious orders.Ballarat with all it's sex-abuse related suicides and many Bishops who didn't climb the ecclesical ladder for being "good boys".
Catholics have a right to expect more with our claim to moral recitude worldwide, there's a dividing line between church and state in more ways than one.
Yvette Florence Strawbridge
logged in via LinkedIn
Thank you Rhys. I am the Mother of an eldest son who took his life 19 years ago because of undisclosed sexual abuse from at least the age of 10 years by our then next door neighbour. The greatest sadness for me is that as his Mother, I had no idea this was occurring and found out in January 2012 and only then because another one of his victims who had been trying over a six year period to be heard, finally had Judicial notice taken. The abuser has very successfully avoided his Trial this week and…
Read moreLynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Yvette, as a mother, I do deeply grieve your loss.
So many mothers are experiencing that same sadness, because they too weren't aware of their son's and daughters were being abused, betrayed in many instance by their family priest, their children who tried to tell them were not believed.
It isn't surprising the victim you referred to was ignored for so long, due to misplaced loyalities of many to their own... .
Craig Minns
Self-employed
"Too often when men are framed as the victims of violence, the issue is co-opted by what academic Michael Flood calls “angry men’s movements” (socially conservative, anti-feminist men’s rights and father’s rights groups) in whose hands the recognition of men’s pain can easily become an instrument of division, rather than an opportunity for understanding and healing."
With respect, Rhys, Flood has for years been running an agenda aimed at discrediting any view that doesn't conform to his own, which…
Read moreMichael Flood
Senior Lecturer
I'm not sure what "agenda" Craig Minns has in mind, but I've been a keen advocate of the need to recognise violence against men and boys - violence which is largely, though by no means exclusively, by other males. In relation to the sexual assault of males for example, I facilitated a one-day workshop a few years back to help develop the work of the Service Assisting Male Survivors of Sexual Assault (SAMSSA), which supports male victims of assault by male and female perpetrators.
People wanting to check out my writings can go here: http://www.xyonline.net/category/authors/michael-flood. And I can point you to the specific pieces in which I address violence against men, including by women.
Sincerely,
Michael Flood.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
I note you chose not to respond to the matters put in my post. You are happy to recognise victims of violence who behave in the way you approve.
Others are ignored, or ridiculed as "angry men's movements", a dog-whistle for feminist support if ever one was blown.
You're obviously a clever man and well qualified, but you chose a particular career trajectory based on association as a pro-feminist who ostensibly writes about men and that has greatly influenced your work, most of which is post-modern, social-constructional meta-analysis anyway, from my recollection.
Then there is the great WRC debacle in which you claimed that some large portion of boys in a survey thought it was OK to hit girls, only to have it pointed out that you had in fact got it transposed and it was the girls who thought boys a fair target.
I;m sure whatever you might choose to reference will be every bit as reliable as that.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
For example, here's what You think about "Father's Rights" groups, who are made up of men who are not academics or professionals for the most part, but working men who have found themselves unable to negotiate a system deliberately conceived to thwart any attempt they may make to get out the other side with anything at all.
""Male supremacist groups (“Father’s Rights”) have caused unspeakable harm to our country and to our children by encouraging abusive fathers, often with little past involvement…
Read moreLynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Fathers Rights are well recognised by Cardinal Pell, (if they're not clergy of course) in an article "In Defence of Fathers" he blames feminists- the sterotype of a feminist is of a man-hater who is a card-carring member of the Society for Cutting Up Men (Scum) and are equally intent of cutting up unborn children in the process, despite feminist pleas for equal rights, they deprive men of all rights in regards to their children.
Boy that was a mouthful!
If Michael wants to chase him up in response, he'd better do it soon, he's been promoted by the Vatican and is heading to Rome, out of harms way I suppose, of the Parliamentary Inquiry into the handling of sex-abuse.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
Sorry Lynne, what does Pell have to do with anything?
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
To have someone of his stature supporting "Fathers Rights", has to mean something, we being mere mortals as we are.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
Perhaps so, Lynne. I don't move in such circles and I'm not Catholic or even religious, so Pell doesn't mean much to me. If he does to you, that's great.
However, I suspect you're trying to have a snjde little dig at fathers, which is your right of course, but I can't help thinking you'd not be saying much at all without one...
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Craig, your suspicions couldn't be more wrong, I believe in the rights of all father's and the rights of children to share their lives, absolutely!
I am a Catholic but I abhor hypocrisy and Pell is full of it, especially when he referrs to the importance of fathers, with so many children of clergy denied their natural rights and those according to the United Nations Convention.
There's a subculture out there just below the surface if you haven't noticed, camouflaged by pomp, glory and incense.
The speaking out of male survivors of sex-abuse is a good start, a very good start indeed!
Pell is connected to that too, not necessarily connected to this article, but worth of mention.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
Thanks for the clarification, Lynne, I'm perhaps a little over-sensitive. The right of fathers to have a parental relationship with their children is one of the principal attack targets of feminists and their pro-feminist apron-clingers and Flood has been prominent in that. Whenever I'm confronted with Michael's poisonous rent-seeking I'm reminded that many of the most egregious excesses of the church were enabled and even perpetrated by the women religious. In seeking to shore up their own position…
Read moreLynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Craig, I'm glad you picked me up on any concern you had, these men have enough to deal with.
In relation to religious woman and prospering in the church, I have often wondered why there has never been any voice from the two Newcastle Maitland congregations of now Saint, Mary MacKillop, considering her lifes work on the preservation of children, but that's getting off the track.
Peter Ormonde
Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.
Farmer
Mac Killop is a bit interesting on this. She got herself well off-side with the local church heirarchy by reporting abuse being perpetrated by a couple of priests. Got herself into serious strife. Been going on a long time this.
John Harland
bicycle technician
I grew up in a religious tradition that allowed its ministers to be married. Their being married with children seems to have made those ministers better role models than most, perhaps all, celibate priests I have encountered.
It is time that the Roman church gave up the offensive pretence of celibacy of their clergy. There is little evidence that it helps their clerics in any way to be better ministers and much reason to suppose that it contributes greatly to the likelihood of sexual and other abuse.
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
Your second papargraph could't have said it better John, as pretence it is.
Journalist Peter Costigan, well respected brother of Frank Costigan (Costigan Commisson Painters and Dockers), made public the worst kept secret in the Melbourne Archdiocese, in his obituary for an outspoken Charity Sister against mandatory celibacy/chastity, left with the aftermath of clergy unable to maintain their vows until the early 80's.
God knows where those relinquished newborns are today, the timeline making it feasable the clergy fathers still living and in minstry.
Andrew Willis
logged in via Facebook
Went to see an incredible play on male sexual abuse last night in NYC. Here's a review. http://stopabusecampaign.com/feature/go-see-for-petes-sake
Lynne Newington
Lynne Newington is a Friend of The Conversation.
Researcher
In reality, we have a stop the abuse (and suicide) campaign here in Victoria, calling for a Royal Commission but at the moment having to settle for a Parliarmentry Inquiry. (NSW still pursuing their own with the help of Greens David Shoebridge).
The Conversations Judy Courtin PhD Student Faculty of Law at Monash, has been in the front line here.