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Articles on Hitler

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Berliners giving the Nazi salute following the announcement of the German invasion of Poland on September 1 1939. Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo|Alamy

How the social structures of Nazi Germany created a bystander society

The German population was transformed under Nazism into a “bystander society” – even before the conditions of wartime normalised acts of excessive violence.
A Ukrainian serviceman inspects a classroom with a sign ‘Z’ on the door used by Russian forces in the retaken area of Kapitolivka, Ukraine, Sept. 25, 2022. Russian President Vladimir Putin spread an outlandish conspiracy theory to justify military invasion of Ukraine. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka)

How Hitler conspiracies and other Holocaust disinformation undermine democratic institutions

Many conspiracy theories and disinformation are rooted in antisemitic tropes which spread harm and undermine our democratic institutions.
A Ukrainian police officer is overwhelmed by emotion after comforting people evacuated from Irpin on the outskirts of Kyiv on March 26, 2022. History shows that wars launched for nebulous reasons generally backfire on those who launch them. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)

Ukraine war: The history of conflict shows how elective wars ultimately fail

It’s difficult for regimes to galvanize public opinion or maintain people’s willingness to accept the sacrifices associated with a war waged for questionable reasons.
Winston Churchill giving his final address, during the 1945 election campaign, at Walthamstow Stadium, East London. Wikipedia, the collections of the Imperial War Museums

When a winner becomes a loser: Winston Churchill was kicked out of office in the British election of 1945

Even a highly popular and respected leader can lose an election, writes a historian – especially if they don’t have a plan for the future. Churchill was one of them.
International forces advancing toward Boxer soldiers outside the Imperial Palace in Beijing, China, during the Boxer Rebellion. Library of Congress

3 times political conflict reshaped American mathematics

When is math not just math? Political conflicts have led to new study-abroad initiatives, the creation of a world-class university, the migration of mathematicians and serious educational reforms.
White nationalists clash with protesters at the Aug. 12, 2017 Charlottesville, Va. rally that turned deadly violent. Steve Helber/AP Photo

The politics of fear: How fear goes tribal, allowing us to be manipulated

Fear is very much a part of humans’ survival. Demagogues and others who want to manipulate have learned that this human trait can be exploited, often with disastrous consequences.

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