Because of ethical considerations, there are no clinical trials comparing the effects of hormone therapy to conversion therapy on trans youths. But a set of recent studies tease out cause and effect.
The first transgender medical clinic opened in the US in the 1960s. But cisgender and intersex children began receiving similar treatments even earlier – often without their consent.
The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) doubles the risk of breast cancer in menopausal women. But that doesn’t mean it has no place in alleviating moderate to severe symptoms of menopause.