Despite being so small they can't be seen with the naked eye, pathogens that cause human disease have greatly affected the way humans live for centuries.
Spanish flu killed more people than the Great War that preceded it. And tuberculosis even more than that.
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Here we explore our past and present struggles with four of the most significant infectious diseases human beings have faced, and some of the progress we've made in prevention and treatment.
What can a single person’s flu infection tell you about how the virus changes around the world?
Xue and Bloom
Tularemia is an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans. While it can be fatal, it is rare in Australia and can be treated with antibiotics.
Medical workers move a woman, who is suspected of having Ebola, upon her arrival at Meioxeiro Hospital, in Vigo, northwestern Spain, 28 October 2015.
SALVADOR SAS (EPA)/ AAP
Gaëll Mainguy, Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires (CRI)
Professor Samir Brahmachari's innovative Open Source Drug Development allows thousands of researchers to work together to discover novel therapies for under-studied diseases.
One nostril or two? Hard blow or gentle? Some ways are more effective and less risky than others.
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There are a number of challenges that the World Health Organisation's new leader, Ethiopian-born Tedros Ghebreyesus, will have to navigate during his tenure.
Pit latrine in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Access to clean water and sanitation are key to preventing cholera epidemics.
D. Schafer, SuSanA/Flickr
Cholera kills thousands every year but is treatable if it is caught early. Understanding how El Niño shifts cholera risks in Africa can help countries prepare for outbreaks and save lives.
While the flu vaccine cuts your chance of coming down with influenza, that’s not the whole story.
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As we head towards flu season, many people are wondering if it's worth getting vaccinated against influenza and if so, when. Here's what you need to know.
After the Spanish flu we didn’t see any new flu strains for forty years. Now novel strains are increasingly popping up.
Carlos Barria/Reuterspics
Eric Delaporte, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD)
One year after the end of the West African Ebola epidemic, a study of survivors in Guinea shows what has been learned about the deadly virus, and what remains unknown.
Revellers at a carnival in Sao Paulo wear mosquito masks in a reference to the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which can spread dengue and Zika on February 4, 2016.
Paulo Whitaker/Reuters
Simple steps can lower your risk of bringing home traveller's diarrhoea, respiratory infections and mosquito-borne diseases from your holiday.
Women’s liberation march in Washington, 26 August, 1970.
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, U.S. News & World Report Magazine Collection
Cracking genetic responses to the changing environment in Africa would open a new frontier in the drive against rising non-communicable diseases on the continent.