An asteroid measuring up to 20km across hit South Australia up to 360 million years ago and left behind the one of the largest asteroid impact zones on Earth, according to new research published today.
The impact zone in the East Warburton Basin was buried under nearly four kilometres of earth, said Dr Andrew Glikson, a visiting fellow to the Australian National University’s Planetary Science Institute and a co-author of the paper.
“It’s significant because it’s so large. It’s the third largest impact terrain anywhere on Earth found to date,” Dr Glikson said.
“It’s likely to be part of a particular cluster that was linked with a mass extinction event at that time.”
Dr Glikson published his findings in a paper in the journal Tectonophysics, co-authored by ANU colleagues Dr John Fitzgerald and Dr Erdinc Saygin and by the University of Queensland’s Dr Tonguc Uysal.
The team analysed quartz grains drawn from over 200 samples taken from far below the Earth’s surface and studied underground seismic anomalies.
Dr Glikson said there was a chance that the asteroid that caused the impact zone actually split in two before it hit.
“We are studying another anomaly in West Warburton that could well be its twin but we don’t know yet.”
Dr Simon O'Toole, Research Astronomer at the Australian Astronomical Observatory, said the finding was very interesting.
“It strengthens the case for the idea that the Chicxulub crater is connected to the mass extinction of the dinosaurs. We are starting to see more evidence that impact events caused mass extinction events,” said Dr O'Toole, who was not involved in the research.
“Australia is a fantastic place for impact crater hunters because we have huge open space with nothing in it,” said Dr O'Toole, adding that the size of the new impact zone was very significant.
“It’s huge. Most asteroid events are about 100m in diameter.”
Another asteroid, dubbed 2012 DA14, will pass within 27,700 kilometres from Earth on Saturday, potentially passing communication satellites, but is unlikely to hit the planet.
Mark Amey
logged in via Facebook
This seems very topical to me, as I read the article post 2012 DA14's interaction with earth.
JD Eveland
semi-retired professor
It's interesting that this purported event occurred right at the boundary between the Devonian and Carboniferous Periods, associated with a mass extinction event termed the "Hangenberg event". This has not until now been attributed to a bolide impact, but it would seem at least reasonably possible that it ought to be now. Its impact was considerably smaller than the mass extinction occurring earlier in the Devonian Period, but any mass extinction deserves to be carefully examined, particularly since there is evidence that we may well be experiencing another mass extinction underway today.
Kevin Orrman-Rossiter
Senior Research Services Officer, Faculty of Science at University of Melbourne
I have to ask this: What is teh second biggest impact sight - the first yes, but what is the second?
JD Eveland
semi-retired professor
The largest is the still-somewhat-suspect crater off the coast of India known as the Shiva Basin; the second largest is the Chicxulub crater on the edge of Yucatan, associated with the K/T boundary and the demise of the dinosaurs. If it was an impact crater, the Shiva impact would have followed Chicxulub by perhaps half a million years and certainly disposed of any dinosaurs that might have hung around. It's interesting that neither of the top two extinction events (the Permian/Triassic and the Ordovician/Silurian events) seems to be associated with extraterrestrial causes, although the K/T and a number of smaller events may be, including the loss of North American megafauna some 12,000 years ago at the start of the Lesser Dryas Ice Age.
Kevin Orrman-Rossiter
Senior Research Services Officer, Faculty of Science at University of Melbourne
Thank you for the reply. That was brilliant as I was under the mistaken idea that the Chicxulub crater was the largest. What is the aspect that makes the Shiva basin still-somewhat-suspect?
Caroline Copley
student
As a biologically trained person I find it very frustrating that extinction events continually get blamed on "acts of god" from outer space. Can someone please find me evidence of mass extinction that is NOT due to a flying rock, other than the one we are obviously purpetrating? Paleontology is not my speciality but weren't there once a lot of trilobites? Don't tell me that was due to a rock!
JD Eveland
semi-retired professor
Sure. Actually, most mass extinctions are, as I noted above, not caused by extraterrestrial phenomena, but by internal factors such as global warming and cooling, vulcanism, and acid rain. The biggest of all, the Permian/Triassic "Great Dying", is generally attributed to the Siberian Traps flood basalt explosions - imagine a million years of hot lava flowing out of a massive gash in the earth's crust ending up several miles thick, accompanied by nasty gases, ash, and other stuff. Gaia may take hits from outside, but for the really suicidal stuff, she's got to rely on her own natural resources.
Caroline Copley
student
Thanks Prof Eveland. It is interesting that even the K-T event(s) has(have) recently been discussed in terms of placental mammals, which only appeared AFTER the boundary apparently, although our marsupials got through it all along with those dinosaurs the birds! Such recent discussions talk about the K-T asteroid AND the volcanics, something of a relief I think, but nevertheless the volcanics seem to be referred to as almost to be an insignificant side issue.
Read moreSimilarly with the debate going…