You’ve got mail – how to stop spam and reduce cyber crime

We’ve all received them: emails offering special prices on Viagra, offering fortunes we didn’t know we had, offering links to fantastic websites we simply must visit right away. Annoying as! But the technology to stop spam and other undesirable emails not only exists, it’s been around for years. With…

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Imagine a world where spam didn’t exist. It isn’t hard to do. AJC1

We’ve all received them: emails offering special prices on Viagra, offering fortunes we didn’t know we had, offering links to fantastic websites we simply must visit right away.

Annoying as! But the technology to stop spam and other undesirable emails not only exists, it’s been around for years.

With cyber crime costing Australia more than a billion dollars a year, it’s well and truly time we did something to improve our defences. And what better way to start than by securing email: a piece of technology that most of us use every day.

Cyber crime for dummies

One of the easiest methods for carrying out cyber crime is to send an unsolicited or spam email which contains: a virus; an attempt to acquire an individual’s sensitive information (known as “phishing”); or some other mechanism for perpetrating internet crime.

The current worldwide email system is based on a standard called the Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) which was created in 1982 and last updated in 2008.

The system has served us well for decades, but it also allows fake emails to be sent and received with no way of tracing them to their point of origin.

In the last 30 years there have been a number of updates to SMTP, including two methods that can be used to improve security and fight spam.

Sign-in to send

The first update, released in 1995, was an extension of SMTP called SMTP-AUTH. This was introduced to allow authentication of email clients.

Say your email system at work uses SMTP-AUTH. Whenever your email client (such as Microsoft Outlook or Apple Mail) communicates with the server that stores, receives and sends your emails, the server would ask the client for a password.

In this way, all email traffic sent through an email server is authenticated and can be traced in the case of fake or malicious emails.

While SMTP-AUTH is a great idea in theory, it hasn’t been adopted in practice because many organisations use email systems that either don’t implement SMTP-AUTH correctly or don’t specify that it should be turned on.

Worryingly, it’s also possible to fake the credentials required by the SMTP-AUTH rules in an email message and to make matters worse mail servers may be setup on hijacked computers solely for the purpose of sending fake or malicious emails.

As a result, SMTP-AUTH is practically useless if used alone.

Spam … not always what the discerning customer wants.

Lockdown

The second extension to SMTP that can be used to fight spam – Secure SMTP (also known as SMTPS) – was introduced in 1997. SMTPS has the benefit of using the encrypted Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) communication protocol, an approach used to secure e-commerce and online banking services today.

If your workplace wanted to utilise SMTPS, it would need to:

  • Choose one of the many SSL certificate providers (such as VeriSign)
  • Complete a verification process to prove the identity of the business
  • Pay the price for the SSL certificate (around $50 a year)
  • Install the SSL certificate on the company’s email server

With the SSL certificate installed on the email server, all communication between the server and the client (and with other mail servers) would be both authenticated and encrypted.

Tracing spam and other nasties

With SMTPS implemented, spam and malicious emails can then be tracked back to the source email server.

If an email server is found to be the source of spam or other email-related criminal activities, the authorities could issue a notice to the company that owns the email server.

The notice would contain details of the infraction and identify actions to be taken to prevent the problem happening again.

If an email server is found to be a constant source of problem emails, the authorities could act to: fine the company that owns the email server or revoke the SSL certificate issued for the email server domain, thereby removing the email server from service.

Cyber crime is now a significant worldwide problem and every effort must be made to reduce or stop the problem: people’s lives are being negatively affected and the economy is being harmed.

The Australian Government must act to reduce internet crime. Implementing the mandatory use of SMTPS would be a good start.

The Australian Government could go one step further and send delegates to the United Nations – which controls the standards used for the internet – and lobby for the immediate introduction of SMTPS worldwide.

One step at a time though …

Join the conversation

14 Comments sorted by

  1. Bruce Baer Arnold

    Lecturer in Law at University of Canberra

    "The Australian Government could go one step further and send delegates to the United Nations – which controls the standards used for the internet"? Not that simple ... the ITU (a UN agency) has substantial influence but much standard-setting involves the IETF (a non-UN body and determined to remain that way). Spam is a cultural, economic and political challenge rather than one that's readily addressed through a quick technical fix, especially a fix that's "mandated" by isolated governments in response to emotive claims regarding "cyber crime" as something that requires "every effort" to "reduce or stop the problem". The proposed solution is technologically problematical and institutionally or culturally naive.

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    1. Umer Khan

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Bruce Baer Arnold

      SPAM is big issue for ISPs as it is majority of email traffic these days. It wastes important server resources when processed and also precious bandwidth. When users get infected, they generate even more malicious traffic and hence a chain reaction starts. Fortunately, now there are good anti spamming solutions (free and commercial) available to minimize its impact by a considerable level. But this approach is not perfect and sometime results in legitimate emails getting blocked (false positives) and on other occasions letting some spam through. SMTPS implementation is a step in the right direction as mentioned by the author to combat SPAM.

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  2. Mark Gregory

    Senior Lecturer in Electrical and Computer Engineering at RMIT University

    Hi Craig,

    you have pointed out a weakness with the current system of issuing SSL certificates. The cheapest SSL certificates may be obtained with little or no verification of the organisation requesting the certificate. In the article you mention it appears domain names were incorrectly registered and used to falsely obtain SSL certificates. I have not advocated implementing a solution using unverified SSL certificates.

    SSL certificates that are verified and linked to registered companies that…

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    1. Craig S Wright

      PhD; Adjunct Lecturer in Computer Science at Charles Sturt University

      In reply to Mark Gregory

      Mark,
      The reality is that it is not difficult to get a spoofed certificate. Even a trusted one.

      I have demonstrated this using a number of high end certificates.

      Here is the flaw. Verified certificates. I get email from all over the earth. Most companies do. The practicality is the flaw. Add to that, Microsoft have had false signing certs and many others as well have.

      The Google and other certs have been well compromised and the damage was already extensive in some areas, it was far from quick and highly ineffective.

      Next, not all SMTP is company based. MANY organization have their own including many home users.

      You have not even noted DNSSec as this is a necessary feature for such a scheme to function correctly.

      Finally, there remain more holes in this than a sieve. Mark, I would suggest some time spend with a good pen tester. This is simple to bypass.

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    2. Craig S Wright

      PhD; Adjunct Lecturer in Computer Science at Charles Sturt University

      In reply to Craig S Wright

      Next Mark,
      Much of the SPAM is through compromised clients. How does this stop or address this?

      So the SPAM we see with valid domain extensions sent through Google, Yahoo, etc.

      Please explain how sending this via SSL and stopping network systems from seeing traffic and removing it will aid in stopping SPAM?

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    3. Mark Gregory

      Senior Lecturer in Electrical and Computer Engineering at RMIT University

      In reply to Craig S Wright

      Hi Craig,

      You appear to be suggesting nothing can be done - if this is the case then why was DNSSec implemented - why bother using SSL at all - why not just give access to criminals to internet banks and be done with it.

      The role of engineers and computer scientists is to propose solutions. The solution that I have proposed will work over time, and yes as you point out with the recent SSL problem mentioned in the article there will be set backs along the way.

      I can remember a time when we had…

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    4. Craig S Wright

      PhD; Adjunct Lecturer in Computer Science at Charles Sturt University

      In reply to Mark Gregory

      Mark,
      I did at not point suggest that nothing can be done.

      I stated that your solution will not work and is simply to bypass and much more complex than you seem to think for the protocol.

      "SMTP server would then be able to identify the customer that sent the SPAM"

      They can now. Economics.1. End users do not care 2.

      I will look up your details later and send, but I can tell you many reasons why this is flawed.

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    5. Mark Gregory

      Senior Lecturer in Electrical and Computer Engineering at RMIT University

      In reply to Craig S Wright

      Craig,

      again you have stated something that is wrong. Companies and end-users do care. They care because people in society do want to do the right thing and they do not want to be party to criminals fleecing billions of dollars of unsuspecting citizens.

      When somone in your family or someone you know falls foul of criminals operating over the network, your tune will change, you will feel outrage, and dare I say it, you will demand that something be done.

      regards,
      Mark Gregory

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    6. Craig S Wright

      PhD; Adjunct Lecturer in Computer Science at Charles Sturt University

      In reply to Mark Gregory

      Do people really care?

      Well, being that over 95% of SPAM comes from compromised systems, I would say that people care, but not enough to do anything. Most of these systems still do not patch and do not have anti-virus software.

      Mark, your "solution" is flawed as you have no idea how SPAM works. It uses compromised servers. These are servers that are owned, that are on blacklists and that are managed now by all those people you say will do something that already are not.

      Until you actually attempt to understand the problem, you will have no hope in helping make solutions to it.

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    7. Mark Gregory

      Senior Lecturer in Electrical and Computer Engineering at RMIT University

      In reply to Craig S Wright

      Craig,

      thank you for expressing your views. It is a pity you don't appear to want to take the opportunity to write an article and to put an alternate approach.

      Making disparaging remarks publically is not appropriate. Please if you persist in responding stick to technical comments.

      regards,
      Mark Gregory

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    8. Craig S Wright

      PhD; Adjunct Lecturer in Computer Science at Charles Sturt University

      In reply to Mark Gregory

      Mark,
      At no point have I stated I would not write an article or paper.

      Mark, what I have stated is based on fact alone. They are appropriate.

      Mark, you do not have an approach. This simplistic model you are pushing here has no hope for what you are saying it will solve.

      I have asked a few pertinent questions, you have ignored them. You hide in the notion that "people want something done". So are we to do any wasteful and inappropriate "solution" no matter how flawed simply as "people want action"?

      As Bruce initially responded:
      "Spam is a cultural, economic and political challenge rather than one that's readily addressed through a quick technical fix"

      Mark, your solution is as Bruce stated "naive".

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    9. Craig S Wright

      PhD; Adjunct Lecturer in Computer Science at Charles Sturt University

      In reply to Craig S Wright

      "The Australian Government must act to reduce internet crime. Implementing the mandatory use of SMTPS would be a good start."

      And Mark, what do we do to stop the estimated 100,000 actively compromised hosts here in Australia alone?

      These hosts will send SPAM with all the proposed controls you have suggested with no effect. As for the job of notifying these users, who pays for this? Right now, there are at least 85,000 systems on active block and black-lists from Australia alone.Some are more active…

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