As continents grind across ‘hotspots’ in Earth’s mantle, we can get volcanoes erupting on the surface. Studying these can reveal much about our planet’s evolution.
A volcano-themed tissue box designed with the help of AI-assisted image generation.
Juan Noguera
During the brainstorming stage of the design process, AI-powered image generation programs can open creative doors that may have otherwise never been accessed.
From a shipwreck to ancient dunes, these researchers created 3D visualisations of seafloor features around Australia – from as shallow as 22 metres to depths of over 4.8 kilometres.
The slice you see cut out of the Earth reveals its core, depicted here in bright yellow.
fhm/E+ via Getty Images
Starting at the surface, you would have to dig nearly 2,000 miles before reaching the Earth’s core. No one could survive that trip – and the 10,000-degree F heat once there would vaporize you anyway.
People watch and record images of lava from the Mauna Loa volcano on Dec. 1, 2022 near Hilo, Hawaii.
(AP Photo/Gregory Bull)
It’s very important for tourists to understand the risks of visiting volcanic sites and properly prepare themselves for excursions to see volcanic eruptions.
Engineers have tried to corral a mud volcano in Indonesia that has covered more than 1,700 acres with mud.
Eka Dharma/AFP via Getty Images
When mud, fluids and gases erupt at the Earth’s surface, they hint at what’s happening underground, allowing scientists to build a more comprehensive 3D view of what’s going on inside our planet.
Magma fountains through a fissure on Mauna Loa, becoming lava, on Nov. 30, 2022.
K. Mulliken/USGS
A scientist who led one of the first projects to map the Hawaiian Islands’ deep volcanic plumbing explains what’s going on under the surface as Mauna Loa erupts.
Mayotte’s surrounding coral reef is made up of three different structures more than 350 kilometers long. The lagoon they form is threatened by climate change and erosion.
Axelspace
Noro Ravoavahy, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM)
Mayotte is no exception to the adage “small islands, big problems”. A newly born volcano combined with poor land management and accelerating climate change has put its fabled lagoon at risk.
In the Lord of the Rings prequel, The Rings of Power, the dark realm of Mordor is created by diverting a river into a dormant volcano, setting off a huge eruption – but is this scientifically viable?
This is an enhanced satellite image of Western Australia’s Great Sandy Desert. Yellow sand dunes cover the upper right, red splotches indicate burned areas, and other colours show different types of surface geology.
USGS/Unsplash
The United States Geological Survey has a vast collection of satellite images capturing breathtaking geological features of our planet. As a geologist, I’ve picked eight of the most fascinating.
Drones can be used to collect gas samples from active volcanoes, where it is too dangerous for researchers. This data can be then used to predict the frequency and severity of eruptions.
In 1983, a Canadian group helped rebuild traditional cooking houses in Tonga in the aftermath of a devastating cyclone. The Tonga Kitchens project offers lessons for Canadian aid today.
Tsunamis can be generated by underwater volcanic explosions thousands of miles away. The Jan. 15 explosion in Tonga resulted in tsunami advisories for British Columbia and all along the U.S. west coast.
A submarine eruption 34 nautical miles off the coast of Tonga’s capital, Nuku'alofa. March 18 2009.
EPA/Lothar Slabon