Vaccine passes have outlived their usefulness, at least for now. But as New Zealand’s Omicron wave begins to subside, other public health measures remain vitally important.
For hospitalisations and deaths, the difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated people is more dramatic. Only 5% of New Zealanders are unvaccinated, but they account for 20% of hospitalisations.
For a number of reasons, as time goes on vaccines become less effective. So how do researchers calculate how well vaccines are working?
Clinical trials demonstrate how effective vaccines are individually, but the real world shows how effective they are at a population level.
AP Photo/Mark Lennihan, Pool
Using a robust statistical model, researchers estimate that coronavirus vaccines had prevented 140,000 deaths by May 9, 2021.
A vaccination done at a pop-up site in Johannesburg. Not enough South Africans are coming forward to get their shots.
Photo by Sharon Seretlo/Gallo Images via Getty Images
Epidemics do not require the total eradication of the disease to end.
People getting vaccinated may still have questions about COVID-19 vaccines, like why it takes two doses — and then two weeks — to take full effect.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Ryan Remiorz
A medical student answers questions he gets asked at a COVID-19 vaccine clinic: Efficacy versus real-world effectiveness, immune response and how the mRNA vaccines compare to vaccines already in wide use.
Vaccine efficacy statistics are often based on the results of randomized controlled trials.
(Art-Aleatoire.com)
Sorana Froda, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) and Fabrice Larribe, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)
Vaccine efficacy is usually expressed as a percentage, but what is it actually measuring? Statisticians explain what the numbers mean, and what they say about how well a vaccine can protect us.
John Hart, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Fiona Russell, The University of Melbourne
China has administered more than one billion doses of its homegrown COVID-19 vaccines, the majority of which were developed by local companies Sinovac and Sinopharm. So what do we know about them?
An immunologist explains that you get some protection from the first dose of the mRNA vaccines but you need two to build up strong immunity, particularly to newer coronavirus variants.
A COVID-19 vaccine is administered at a clinic at Olympic Stadium in Montréal on March 1, 2021, marking the beginning of mass vaccination in the Province of Québec based on age.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Paul Chiasson
With four COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in Canada, it’s time to answer FAQs about efficacy, immunity, eradication and variants.
Israel has the highest rate of COVID-19 vaccine coverage worldwide, and so has been one of the first countries to report on vaccine effectiveness.
Abir Sultan/EPA-EFE
Real-world studies of vaccines aren’t directly comparable with clinical trials, but their results are still good news.
Tamara Dus, director of University Health Network Safety Services, administers a Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Toronto.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Frank Gunn
The arrival of COVID-19 vaccines has raised hope for an end to the pandemic. Hopefully that’s true, but there are variables. Here are some factors that could affect the success of the vaccine rollout.
Whether you are predicting the outcome of an election or studying how effective a new drug is, there will always be some uncertainty. A margin of error is how statisticians measure that uncertainty.
Data coming through from phase 3 trials are encouraging. But participants don’t represent the whole community — so we can’t be sure these vaccines will work as well in everyone.
Professor of Bioethics & Medicine, Sydney Health Ethics, Haematologist/BMT Physician, Royal North Shore Hospital and Director, Praxis Australia, University of Sydney