Implanted artificial heart valves need to be replaced because of mineral deposits. Recent research has discovered that the composition of these deposits differs between men and women.
It turns out to be fairly complicated to figure out how electricity will flow through materials – a crucial question for designing new electronics and semiconductor materials.
Is it too much to dream of batteries that are part of the structure of an item, helping to shape the form of a smartphone, car or building while also powering its functions?