Thèse « How to maximize the gametes meeting in the absence of flagellum? The case of red algae of the Gracilariales order », team EBEA (Evolutionary Biology & Ecolgy of Algae, UMI 3614), supervised by Myriam Valero (France) and Marie-Laure Guillemin (Chile), Roscoff Biological Station (France) and Valdivia University (Chile)