Nelson is a scientist who uses genomics to aid in the conservation of threatened mammals inhabiting the tropical forests of Africa. This includes inferring population history, population size, animal movement, hybridization, and disease prevalence in order to designate conservation priorities. He holds a PhD in anthropology from the City University of New York Graduate Center and is a professor in the Institute of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Oregon. He is also a member of the IUCN's African Elephant Specialist Group, Primate Specialist Group, and Conservation Genetics Specialist Group. Nelson's work has been sponsored by the National Geographic Society, the National Institutes of Health (USA), the National Science Foundation (USA), the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Fund, the Mohammed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, and the Morris Animal Foundation. He is most passionate about collaborating across disciplines and cultures to find conservation solutions, which includes training, capacity strengthening, and supporting future generations of conservation leaders.