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Articles on Antibodies

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By better communicating how vaccines boost the immune system’s long term “memory”, manufacturers could address vaccine hesitancy. i_am_zews/Shutterstock

COVID-19 vaccines produce T-cell immunity that lasts and works against virus variants

Cell-mediated immunity is particularly effective at eradicating viruses, and more durable. This is important in the fight against COVID-19.
A little more than 8% of vaccinated people in the U.S. have received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. SOPA Images/Contributor/Light Rocket via Getty Images

Do I need a booster shot if I got the Johnson & Johnson vaccine? A virologist answers 5 questions

It has been six months since the Johnson & Johnson vaccine received emergency use authorization. What does six months of data show about its efficacy, side effects and protection from variants?
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell (orange) infected with UK B.1.1.7 variant SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (green), isolated from a patient sample. Image captured at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. (NIAID)

COVID-19 variants FAQ: How did the U.K., South Africa and Brazil variants emerge? Are they more contagious? How does a virus mutate? Could there be a super-variant that evades vaccines?

Variants of the original SARS-CoV-2 are now in wide circulation. That means the third wave of COVID-19 has come with new questions about the variants, their effects and what might come next.
New mRNA vaccines use genes from the coronavirus to produce immunity. Andriy Onufriyenko/Moment via Getty Images

How do mRNA vaccines work – and why do you need a second dose? 5 essential reads

So far, most vaccines in the US are mRNA vaccines. These represent a new technology and are likely to take over the vaccine world. But how do they work? What are their weaknesses? Five experts explain.
New treatments target different stages of COVID-19, including before patients become sick enough to need a hospital. Juan Monino via Getty Images

6 COVID-19 treatments helping patients survive

A year after it became clear that COVID-19 was becoming a pandemic, there is still no cure, but doctors have several innovative treatments. Some are keeping patients out of the hospital entirely.
Research shows the breast milk of women who have recovered from COVID-19 offers a source of COVID-19 antibodies. (Shutterstock)

Breastfeeding research improves lives and advances health, but faces conflicts

Researchers don’t fully understand the composition of breast milk and its benefits. Beyond nutrition, it contains enzymes, hormones and the mother’s antibodies — including antibodies for COVID-19.
Study shows that the Novavax vaccine is effective against the dominant variant of COVID-19 in South Africa. Jakub Porzycki/NurPhoto via Getty Images

Results from Novavax vaccine trials in the UK and South Africa differ: why, and does it matter?

The results indicate that the vaccine efficacy in the UK was 89% for individuals who received at least two doses of vaccine. In South Africa, the vaccine efficacy was 60% in people without HIV.

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