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Health – Articles, Analysis, Opinion

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Make that second appointment and get your final dose for full protection. MediaNews Group/Reading Eagle via Getty Images

How effective is the first shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine?

An immunologist explains that you get some protection from the first dose of the mRNA vaccines but you need two to build up strong immunity, particularly to newer coronavirus variants.
Holiday gatherings with family and friends before the pandemic seemed so simple. FatCamera via Getty Images

4 steps to reaching Biden’s goal of a July 4th with much greater freedom from COVID-19

The president wants Americans to be able to celebrate Independence Day with small gatherings. What will it take to get the virus under control by then? Three public health school deans explain.
New mRNA vaccines use genes from the coronavirus to produce immunity. Andriy Onufriyenko/Moment via Getty Images

How do mRNA vaccines work – and why do you need a second dose? 5 essential reads

So far, most vaccines in the US are mRNA vaccines. These represent a new technology and are likely to take over the vaccine world. But how do they work? What are their weaknesses? Five experts explain.
Older homes can have a variety of environmental health risks. Kerry F. Thompson and Ryan T. Wilson

Fixing indoor air pollution problems that are raising Native Americans’ COVID-19 risk

Poor indoor air on tribal lands can cause a range of respiratory illnesses, including viral infections. Here’s how people are fixing the problem while preserving traditional ways.
A new study says African Americans with dementia carry a higher risk for COVID-19 than whites with dementia. kate_sept2004/Getty Images

Dementia patients are at greater risk for COVID-19, particularly African Americans and people with vascular dementia

Because dementia patients are more likely to acquire COVID-19, and because so many live in close-quarter facilities – like nursing homes – it’s critical to vaccinate them as quickly as possible.
Gene-based vaccines had never been approved for humans before the coronavirus pandemic. Juan Gaertner/Science Photo Library via Getty Images

3 medical innovations fueled by COVID-19 that will outlast the pandemic

The coronavirus pandemic has driven a lot of scientific progress in the past year. But just as some of the social changes are likely here to stay, so are some medical innovations.
Nurse Nicole Chang celebrates after receiving one of the first injections of the COVID-19 vaccine Dec. 16 at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Westwood, California. Brian van der Brug/Getty Images

Vaccinated and ready to party? Not so fast, says the CDC, but you can gather with other vaccinated people

Millions of vaccinated people have been waiting for guidelines on what they can do safely. The CDC says it’s OK to gather with other vaccinated people, but it’s still best to avoid travel.
Texas’ announced it is ending its COVID-19 restrictions. Its vaccination rate is among the lowest in the U.S., and its case numbers are still high. Montinique Monroe/Getty Images

States drop COVID-19 mask mandates but still expect people to mask up – will they?

The COVID-19 case spike in the summer of 2020 and earlier attempts to rely on personal responsibility, like wearing seat belts, showed that mandates make a difference.
The concern is about more than one shot vs. two. Michael Ciaglo/Getty Images

Backlash against Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine is real and risky – here’s how to make its rollout a success

Religious opposition over a link to abortions performed decades ago and misunderstandings about effectiveness could lead to a nightmare of angry patients and wasted vaccine.
A sign in County Kildare, Ireland. in March 2020. Epidemiologists around the world worked hard to try to stop big parties in the face of rising caseloads of what would come to be called COVID-19. Niall Carson/PA Images via Getty Images

Two gaps to fill for the 2021-2022 winter wave of COVID-19 cases

The US was not ready for the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. What can public health leaders and policymakers do to make sure we don’t face another winter of rampant disease?
An unidentified doctor talks with a boy who holds a lollipop reward after participating in a measles vaccine research program in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, in 1963. NASA/PhotoQuest/Getty Images

What’s in a name for a vaccine campaign? Maybe the end of the pandemic

Vaccination has been controversial from its beginning. Gaining people’s trust in vaccines has been crucial. An important part of that is a strong communications plan.
New treatments target different stages of COVID-19, including before patients become sick enough to need a hospital. Juan Monino via Getty Images

6 COVID-19 treatments helping patients survive

A year after it became clear that COVID-19 was becoming a pandemic, there is still no cure, but doctors have several innovative treatments. Some are keeping patients out of the hospital entirely.
Vaccinated people are wondering whether they can ease social distancing and mask-wearing. AP Photo/Darko Bandic

Can vaccinated people still spread the coronavirus?

You’ve been vaccinated; can you now safely see your friends and family? New research hints that vaccinated people may be less likely to transmit the coronavirus, but they are not 100% in the clear.