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Articles on colonial era

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Workers harvesting crops in a Dutch East Indies’ plantation. Leiden University Library/Wikimedia

Mapping inequality in Dutch colonial-era Indonesia

Economic inequality during the Dutch East Indies era varied radically, depending on where you look. What made the income distribution different from one region to another?
Rock paintings from the main gallery at Djulirri in Namunidjbuk clan estate, showing traditional Aboriginal motifs as well as European boats, airplanes, and more. Photo by Sally K May.

Threat or trading partner? Sailing vessels in northwestern Arnhem Land rock art reveal different attitudes to visitors

Pictures of boats and ships in rock art at the northwestern tip of Australia show the European incursions from the 1800s — but also the much earlier and lesser known sea trade with southeast Asia.

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