This whirlwind tour of social history describes how infectious diseases have shaped humanity at every stage. It suggests reducing inequality will give us our best chance of surviving future plagues.
The pandemic has disrupted national immunisation programmes. As a result, the African continent is seeing more outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases.
Authorities have been warned about five virus families that could cause future pandemics. Here are snapshots of the diseases each can cause and why we should be worried.
The risk of serious disease outbreaks among NZ children is now very real. Some childhood immunisation rates have dropped from about 80% in early 2020 to 67% by June 2022, and as low as 45% for Māori.
In the first two months of 2022, 17,000 cases were already reported worldwide.
fotohay/ Shutterstock
Public health experts know that schools are likely sites for the spread of disease, and laws tying school attendance to vaccination go back to the 1800s.
Several thousand protestors opposed to the COVID-19 vaccine march through the streets of midtown Manhattan in New York on Sept. 18, 2021.
Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis News via Getty Images
A growing body of research shows that nutrition, sleep, exercise and a host of other lifestyle choices can help optimize the immune system. But they are no substitute for life-saving vaccines.
Intensive care physicians are yet again facing ICU bed and staff shortages as severe COVID-19 cases rise.
gorodenkoff/iStock via Getty Images Plus
A critical care doctor brings a frontlines perspective to the frustration of dealing firsthand with vaccine hesitancy and discusses the limitations of science and medicine.
Many individuals are rejecting the COVID-19 vaccines for personal reasons.
Mark Felix / AFP via Getty Images
America’s founders accepted the reality of human selfishness. But, they also said people were capable of thinking for the good of the whole, which is necessary for a free society.
By 1980, all U.S. states required immunization for school attendance. Ontario followed suit in 1982.
(AP Photo/Leo Correa)
The effects of Ontario’s compulsory school immunization show there are advantages and disadvantages of requiring vaccination.
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, Deputy president David Mabuza, Health Minister Dr Zweli Mkhize visiting the Aspen Pharmacare sterile manufacturing facility.
Lulama Zenzile/Die Burger/Gallo Images via Getty Images
Vaccine manufacturing doesn’t come cheap. It depends heavily on support from developed countries. It also requires much more than relaxing intellectual property rights and a desire for vaccine equity.
Age and education level are the main factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. While this affects Māori and Pacific communities, basic access to health care and information is more important.
Empathetically exploring the positive motivations of people who are vaccine hesitant may help improve acceptance for COVID-19 vaccines and others.
(Shutterstock)
From maternity wards to primary care, Canadian researchers are looking to find the positive motivations of vaccine hesitant people, whether they are new parents or other adults.
Roald Dahl with his wife Patricia Neal and children Olivia (right) Tessa, and Theo (in pram).
PA Images/Alamy Stock Photo
We’ve gone from a novel virus to several COVID-19 vaccines in less than a year. Here’s what we’ve learned from earlier vaccines to allow this to happen.
Over 1.4 million people have died from COVID-19 so far this year. How history memorializes them will reflect those we most value.
Author provided
As ready as you are to be done with COVID-19, it’s not going anywhere soon. A historian of disease describes how once a pathogen emerges, it’s usually here to stay.
Director of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and Professor of Neurology, University of Liverpool
Paediatrician, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance; Clinical Lecturer, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney
Honorary Professor Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Univeristy of Sydney; Senior Researcher Sydney Institue for Infectious Disease, University of Sydney., University of Sydney