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Articles on Spinoza

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Hommage to Samuel Paty: “Thank you Mr. Paty to have taught us history and freedom of expression.” Bertrand Guay/AFP

Teachers in France, on the front line of defending the values of the Republic

The horrific death of Samuel Paty, a history and geography teacher, highlights the importance of the work of educators who are, more than ever, on the front lines of the fight for freedom of expression.
What do you call a democracy that depends on the exclusion of whole groups from political participation? Gaia/Wikipedia Commons

What’s in a name? How a democracy becomes an aristocracy

Democracy today contains within itself impulses towards both inclusion and exclusion. Spinoza’s thinking on aristocracy should alert us to how democratic rule by the people can be hollowed out.

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