A porcupine fossil recovered in Florida was the key clue in solving a paleontological mystery.
Jeff Gage/Florida Museum
Modern North American porcupines are at least twice the size of their southern cousins and have stronger jaws. But how long have they looked that way?
Marty Melville/AFP/Getty Images
A recent announcement that kiwi and moa are Australian immigrants is not borne out by available evidence. Working out when birds arrived in New Zealand requires both fossil evidence and genetics.
Julius Csotonyi/Hachette
Megalodon, the giant shark species that disappeared around 3.6 million years ago, was the most ferocious creature that ever lived. What do we know about it?
A flock of Pterodaustro guinazui pterosaurs probably looked like this.
Mark Witton
The Jurassic pterosaur’s size was estimated from only its finger bone.
An illustration of the Ngamugawi wirngarri coelacanth in its natural habitat.
Katrina Kenny
A new Australian coelacanth find has revealed a surprising force behind the slow evolution of these ‘living fossils’.
Fur has evolved an incredible variety of colours and patterns, like the distinctive stripes of a tiger.
Tomas Hejlek/Shutterstock
When did fur evolve? You may be surprised to learn there’s a chance it pre-dates the dinosaurs.
Digging for fossils in Wyoming.
Rich Barclay
Palaeontologist don’t just dig up dinosaur bones – they study the whole history of life on Earth, and uncover clues about its future too.
The skull of the Taung Child.
Bernhard Zipfel/© University of the Witwatersrand
Using a method applied directly to ancient hominin teeth, researchers have calculated the age of several important fossils.
Legs of a juvenile female woolly mammoth named Yuka.
Love Dalén, Stockholm University
Thousands of years ago, a woolly mammoth died in Siberia. Its fragile DNA underwent a remarkable transformation, and we can still analyse it today.
42-million-year-old biting midge.
Maria Blake
Amber catches creatures in incredible detail. These fossil insects in amber are a link between ancient Gondwana and modern Australian forests.
The author and his colleagues looking for fossils at Birds River in South Africa.
Dmitry Shcherbakov
New insect treasures are almost certainly just waiting to be found by future palaeonentomologists.
Júlia d'Oliveira
A 500-million-year-old find reveals previously unknown features of the sea creatures responsible for some of palaeontology’s most recognisable fossils.
The reconstructed skeleton of Lucy, found in Hadar, Ethiopia, in 1974, and Grace Latimer, then age 4, daughter of a research team member.
James St. John/Flickr
A photo of Lucy’s reconstructed skeleton next to a live four-year-old girl shows how human Lucy was – and how small.
Gabriel Ugueto
In 2021 a former avocado farmer discovered the most complete pterosaur skeleton ever found in Australia – and new research shows it represents a previously unknown species.
The extinct Australian giant flightless bird, Genyornis newtoni . Used with permission; all other rights reserved.
Jacob C. Blokland
A recent find of an ancient giant bird’s skull has revealed much about its life among the vanished lakes and wetlands of inland South Australia.
The prehistoric movement of creatures onto land required the skin of prehistoric aquatic animals to adapt.
(Shutterstock)
Fossilized skin belonging to an amniote was recently discovered. The skin was so well-preserved, that its cellular structures could be identified.
The studied Psittacosaurus under natural (upper half) and UV light (lower half).
Zixiao Yang
Understanding more about feathers could change the way we think about dinosaurs.
The 155-million-year-old fossil
Gunter Schweigert
Starfish reproduce by splitting in two. A new fossil reveals how ancient this ability is.
Future geologists may wonder how this cow (native to Eurasia) found itself in a California wildfire.
BettyBop / Shutterstock
Such massive disruptions have in the past been caused by volcanoes or meteorites. Only humans have done this with full awareness of their actions.
These plant fronds created scratch circles as they blew in the wind. For scale, the camera case is 14 cm long.
Jack Carrigan
There appear to be two possible explanations for circular patterns with central depressions in Pleistocene deposits on the Cape coast.