Perfumes, potions and witches have been entwined for centuries.
Frederick Stuart Church/Smithsonian American Art Museum/Wikimedia Commons
Scent and magic have been entwined in our imaginations for centuries – right up to today’s witch-inspired perfumes.
Most Wiccans in the U.S. practice alone, though they congregate in large gatherings to conduct rituals and learn from one another.
Sarah Swinford/EyeEm via Getty Images
Interest in Wicca and witchcraft appears to be increasing, but what exactly is Wicca in the first place?
Mr Albinism Kenya Jairus Ongetta (L) and Miss Albinism Kenya Loise Lihanda pose at the Mr and Miss Albinism East Africa pageant.
YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP via Getty Images
Because of their appearance, people with albinism in Tanzania are often socially excluded and frequently (and sometimes violently) discriminated against.
An engraving of the sabbath from Pierre de Lancre’s Tableau de l'inconstance des mauvais anges .
A historian reviews Pablo Agüere’s award-winning Netflix film Akelarre and explains why it is one of the best films around on the early modern witch-hunt.
Rosaleen Norton works in crayon in a converted stable in Kings Cross in Sydney, 1946.
News Ltd/Black Jelly Films
An artist and self-proclaimed witch, Rosaleen Norton defied cultural norms in Menzies-era Australia. Reviled by the media, she was a powerfully unconventional woman.
Cheese and witches: a potent combination.
apolonia via Shutterstock
For hundreds of years, magicians believed cheese could help them foretell the future or identify a criminal.
Witches have a long history dating back to Ancient Rome. This print from 1815 is by British engraver Edward Orme.
(Wellcome Collection)
The role of witches in society relates directly to the role of women in society. And during times of social upheaval and changes, witches represent access to women’s power.
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From village healers to global brands, witches have long cast their spells over commercial transactions.
Woodcut, circa 1400. A witch, a demon and a warlock fly toward a peasant woman.
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The idea of organized satanic witchcraft was invented in 15th-century Europe by church and state authorities, who at first had a hard time convincing regular folks it was real.
Seventy-eight percent of the people executed for witchcraft in New England in the late 17th and early 18th centuries were women.
Jef Thompson/Shutterstock.com
Powerful men often proclaim baseless accusations to be a ‘witch hunt.’ But American witch trials have always targeted a persecuted minority: women.
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In medieval England using magic was a bit like drug use today: against the law and seen as immoral, but still widespread across society.
Rebecca Ferguson as Morgana in The Kid Who Would Be King.
20th Century Fox
Yet again sexism rears its ugly head in this portrayal, from Arthurian legend, of a much maligned woman.
An old Canadian law which outlaws magic fraud is about to be eliminated. This print by William Hogarth, ‘Credulity Superstition and Fanaticism,’ from 1762 epitomizes the Enlightenment view that witchcraft and religious fanaticism go hand in hand.
William Hogarth/1762
An antiquated Canadian law against magic and witchcraft is about to be repealed. A close look at its history reveals that it is far less superstitious than it appears.
Kiernan Shipka as Sabrina in the new Netflix series.
Netflix
The new Sabrina joins a host of other witches in pop culture, a witch revival that reflects more radical feminist politics.
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The history of why witchcraft was seen as a woman’s work.
A medieval engraving of the persecution of witches: historians are increasingly demonstrating that belief in witchcraft survived in Western Europe well into the 18th, 19th and even 20th centuries.
Wikimedia Commons
It is estimated that thousands of people are killed in witchcraft-related violence around the world each year. How can we tackle this problem today?
Rural China sheds light on the role of witchcraft in society.
Ruth Mace
Most anthropologists believe that witch labelling has evolved to get people to conform. But new research suggests an alternative explanation.
Nigerians don’t trust the police and often resort to mob justice.
Reuters/Afolabi Sotunde
Nigeria is on the verge of passing a law to criminalise rampant mob lynching. Other countries have tried to do this and failed.
Witchcraft related beliefs pose serious human rights violations for people with Albinism.
An upcoming UN meeting on witchcraft and human rights in Geneva is set to focus on the rising attacks on Albinos and the trade of body parts in sub-Saharan African.
EPA/Filip Singer
Independent, powerful feminist role models or a warning to women not to overstep the mark? Witches have been many things over the years.