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Articles on Motherhood

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The birth of children results in large earnings losses that are not equally distributed within heterosexual couples. (Shutterstock)

The motherhood pay gap: Why women’s earnings decline after having children

New research shows that women’s earnings are negatively impacted by having children, while men’s aren’t. The effects can be long-lasting and contribute to the gender pay gap.
Pope Francis baptizes 16 infants in the Sistine Chapel on Jan. 7, 2024, in Vatican City. Vatican Media via Vatican Pool/Getty Images

Pope Francis called surrogacy ‘deplorable’ – but the reasons why women and parents choose surrogacy are complex and defy simple labels

Surrogacy can exploit women, but others may choose to be involved for altruistic reasons. A scholar points out that surrogacy’s ethical value is dependent upon the people and systems who use it.
Artificial womb technology could eventually make it possible to grow a foetus from conception to “birth” wholly outside the human body. Marko Aliaksandr/ Shutterstock

Artificial wombs could someday be a reality – here’s how they may change our notions of parenthood

Artificial wombs could drastically change how the decision to become a parent fits into many people’s lives.
The NHS recommends using water heated to at least 70C for mixing with formula powder. 279photo Studio/Shutterstock

Baby formula preparation machines might not reach NHS recommended temperatures for killing bacteria – new research

New research finds that 85% of formula preparation machines tested were dispensing water that did not appear to reach NHS recommended temperatures for preparing bottles of formula.

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