Berbera’s plans for development, including modernisation of its seaport and airport, as well as the special economic zone, all depend on availability and affordability of energy.
It’s likely that the terrorist group will be defeated one day. But there are no signs that the political elite is capable of changing.
A Somali soldier looks out from a military base where a US special operations soldier was killed by a mortar attack south of Mogadishu in 2018.
Mohamed Abdiwahab/AFP via Getty Images
A modern port raises Puntland’s stake within the fragmented political landscape of Somalia and prevents traders from seeking alternatives.
Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (centre) is hosted in Cairo by Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in June, 2022.
Egyptian Presidency/Handout/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Ethiopia’s direct engagement with Somalia’s regional governments will likely weaken the prospects of restoring a functioning Somali state.
Different types of property relations shape the living conditions of residents in marginalised urban settlements of Hargeisa. EDUARDO SOTERAS/AFP via
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Many urban residents live in dire poverty, lack shelter, and have limited access to basic services.
Clan elders gather in Belet Weyne, Somalia’s fifth largest city, for a weekly meeting to discuss various issues affecting their region.
Flickr-AU UN IST Photo / Tobin Jones
Although polarising, parliament’s move to extend Farmaajo’s term has presented a practical road-map to hold direct elections for the first time since 1969.
Muslim women and children in Lamu in north east Kenya. Al-Shabaab’s recruitment of female members is most evident in coastal and north eastern counties.
Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images
Women’s motivations for joining terrorist networks belie Kenyan media accounts of naive girls manipulated through romantic notions of Jihadi brides or wives.
Ali Mohamed Gedi (left), then Somali prime minister, speaks during a meeting with clan elders to discuss the surrender of weapons from the Mogadishu community in 2006.
Peter Delarue/AFP via Getty Images
While the insurgent group rebuffs talks on the national stage, it frequently negotiates local issues with the government and other groups through senior clan elders.
A military drone replica is displayed in front of the White House during a protest against drone strikes on January 12, 2019 in Washington, DC.
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