A limited supply of donor organs, paired with a massive demand for transplants, has fuelled the global organ trafficking industry, which exploits poor, underprivileged and persecuted members of society as a source of organs to be purchased by wealthy transplant tourists.
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China’s industrial-scale organ trafficking practice has been executing prisoners of conscience and using their organs for transplantation for decades. This is known as forced organ harvesting.
Cross-species transplants require us to examine the relationships between humans and animals.
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The heart used in the first pig-human transplant was infected with a pig virus. This reveals that using other species as organ donors may not provide a solution for organ shortages.
Xenotransplantation has made significant strides over the past few decades.
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Recent successes putting genetically modified pig organs into people have brought xenotransplantation back into the spotlight.
Xenotransplantation is the transplanting of cells, tissues or organs from animals to humans. Pre-clinical trials of organ transplant from pigs have addressed some of the technical barriers.
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New developments in organ transplants from animals show promise. However, there has been no public engagement about a potential risk. It may streamline a pathway to humans for new zoonotic diseases.
Surgeon at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore, holding up the genetically modified heart that would be transplanted into David Bennett.
University of Maryland School of Medicine
David Bennett owes a debt of gratitude, not only to the surgeon’s who saved his life but to Peter Medawar, the person who discovered why organs are rejected.
Cancer and organ transplant patients, people with untreated HIV and people with other immunodeficiencies are at high risk of severe COVID-19 infection.
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Printing organs could reduce the need for human donor organs. And 3D printed organs using a patient’s own cells would increase successful organ transplants by reducing the risk of rejection.
Deemed consent, or ‘opt-in,’ organ donation is a significant departure from the practices of health-care consent in Canada.
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Deemed consent organ donation means that everyone is assumed to be an organ donor unless they opt out, but assuming consent raises some ethical issues.
The airline industry has been cancelling routes because of the traffic drop-off during the pandemic. That has an impact on organ transplants.
Michael Ciaglo/Getty Images
Tinglong Dai, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing; Guihua Wang, University of Texas at Dallas, and Ronghuo Zheng, University of Texas at Austin
As policymakers weigh financial aid for the airline industry, they have an opportunity to help make the US organ transplantation system more equitable at the same time.
Eighty-five per cent of Ontarians support organ donation, but only one-third have opted in under the current system.
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Thousands of Canadians are on waiting lists for life-saving organ transplants. An opt-out organ donor system, like the one Nova Scotia is implementing, could reduce avoidable deaths and suffering.
Organs from gay men or injecting drug users, often rejected for transplants, could safely be used, so long as donors test negative for infections such as HIV, and hepatitis B and C.
Alvin Roth exposes his work on “disgusting markets” at the European Meeting of the ESA (Economic Science Association) on 7 September in Dijon, France.
Lessac/BSB
The idea of human-animal hybrids can raise a lot of questions and it’s easy to feel they are “unnatural” because they violate the boundaries between species.
People of color face more obstacles on the path to an organ transplant.
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There is a stark mismatch between the elements required of a modern news story – unique, high impact – and the reality of medical research being slow, meticulous and progressing one step at a time.
A Nova Scotia woman displays the tattoo that marks her two liver transplants at the provincial legislature in Halifax in April 2019. The province’s Human Organ and Tissue Donation Act will allow Nova Scotians to donate their organs and tissue unless they opt out.
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Andrew Vaughan
Most Canadians support organ donation after death, but fewer than 25 per cent have registered to donate their organs. What can be done to encourage more registrations?
Visiting Professor in Biomedical Ethics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Distinguished Visiting Professor in Law, University of Melbourne; Uehiro Chair in Practical Ethics, University of Oxford
Professor of Bioethics & Medicine, Sydney Health Ethics, Haematologist/BMT Physician, Royal North Shore Hospital and Director, Praxis Australia, University of Sydney