Classmates in grades 3, 4 and 5 are more likely to come from diverse economic backgrounds than their schoolmates in grades 6, 7 and 8.
Paul Bersebach, MediaNews Group/Orange County Register via Getty Images
Kari Dalane, American University School of Public Affairs
In middle school classes, students from lower-income families tended to be concentrated in just a few classrooms, new research from North Carolina has found.
Overturn Roe? They might not have to.
Oliver Douliery/AFP via Getty Images
Brown v. Board didn’t overrule ‘separate-but-equal’ but it had that end. A law scholar explains how there is a lesson there for conservatives on today’s Court looking to end abortion in the US.
Sojourner Truth, born in 1797, was an escaped slave who became an abolitionist, civil and women’s rights campaigner, and met with Abraham Lincoln.
Massachusetts Office of Travel & Tourism/Flickr
For much of the country’s history, the Republican Party was the party of Lincoln and racial equality, and the Democratic Party backed Jim Crow laws and white supremacy. The two parties switched.
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott signed into law a bill that effectively bans abortion in the state.
AP Photo/Eric Gay
Texas lawmakers resurrected a Jim Crow-era legal maneuver, used to deny Black people the right to vote, in their new law banning most abortions.
Black heavyweight champion Jack Johnson, right, beat James Jeffries in 1910, sparking racial violence.
George Haley, San Francisco Call, via University of California, Riverside, via Library of Congress
Johnson’s victory, in the manliest of sports, contradicted claims of racial supremacy by whites and demonstrated that Blacks were no longer willing to acquiesce to white dominance.
Playing with syntax, capitalization and punctuation marks can upend narratives put forth by the mainstream media.
Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision via Getty Images
For over a century, Black activists have used punctuation marks to subtly challenge official accounts of events.
View of the Friendship 9 students who protested against racial discrimination and were put in prison, Rock Hill, South Carolina, February 1961.
Afro American Newspapers/Gado via Getty Images
A long-lost letter from prison by a civil rights activist provides a window on the pivotal role protesters in South Carolina played in fighting segregation.
U.S. Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee is spearheading fresh efforts in Congress to address reparations.
Al Drago/Getty Images
Anne C. Bailey, Binghamton University, State University of New York
Former enslaved persons never got ‘forty acres and a mule,’ and their descendants have been denied reparations for the legacy of slavery. Will Joe Biden be the president to change that?
An early 20th-century NAACP map showing lynchings between 1909 and 1918. The maps were sent to politicians and newspapers in an effort to spur legislation protecting Black Americans.
Library of Congress
Shannon M. Smith, College of Saint Benedict & Saint John's University
Protests of Confederate flags and monuments have grown since 2015, but resistance is not new. African Americans have been protesting against Confederate monuments since they were erected.
On May 27, 1919, British Prime Minister Lloyd George, Italian President Vittorio Orlando, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau and American President Woodrow Wilson met May 27, 1919, during the Paris Peace Conference.
Lee Jackson/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Suffering a pandemic and the aftermath of a war that killed 50 million, the world in 1920 faced a turning point as it negotiated a new political order. As today, the key issue was racial inequality.
The death of George Floyd at the hands of a police officer has sparked widespread outrage.
John Rudoff/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
The US has a centuries-old tradition of killing black people without repercussion – and of publicly viewing the violence. Spreading those images can disrespect the dead and traumatize viewers.
A funeral held in July 1945 for two victims of the Ku Klux Klan, George Dorsey and his sister, Dorothy Dorsey Malcolm, of Walton County, Georgia, held at the Mt. Perry Baptist Church Sunday.
Bettman via Getty
Religion was no barrier for Southern lynch mobs intent on terror. White pastors joined the KKK, incited racial violence and took part in lynchings. Sometimes, the victim was a preacher.
‘Trump,’ says one of Europe’s leading right-wing figures, ‘has given me back the belief in the other America that I never had.’
REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque
The U.S. under Trump is no longer seen as the enemy by Europe’s New Right, who are the ideological descendants of the original fascists. With Trump’s rise, they have a new hero in an unexpected place.
Author Ta-Nehisi Coates, left, and actor Danny Glover, right, testify about reparation for the descendants of slaves during a hearing before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Capitol Hill on June 19, 2019.
(AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
Reparation opponents who oppose truth and reconciliation by insisting that America’s “original sin” of slavery is in the distant past should heed the lessons of Canada and South Africa.
When a group of white and African American integrationists entered a St. Augustine, Fla. segregated hotel pool in 1964, the hotel manager poured acid into it.
AP Photo
Managing Director of the McCourtney Institute of Democracy, Associate Research Professor, Political Science, Co-host of Democracy Works Podcast, Penn State