With more 67 million people watching the first debate between President Barrack Obama and Governor Mitt Romney, the pressure was on Vice President Joseph Biden and Representative Paul Ryan to perform well today.
The role of nonverbal communication, specifically their gestures and facial expressions, played a critical role during the debate with Vice President Biden frequently losing control of his emotions with laughing outbursts, smiling, fidgeting, and looking away. He laughed and lost.

Addressing how each of the candidates performed, specifically non-verbally, is simple for many to do.
However, offering commentary grounded in research contributes to a greater validity of the information being shared and thus it allows a potential voter to more accurately discern the choice of having to pick between two candidates. Understanding the nonverbal cues also enables people to apply the provided information to their professional and social lives to be a more effective communicator.
CPR: charisma, professional, and rapport
The following analysis of Biden and Ryan’s nonverbal communication is based on my CPR Model: Charisma, Professionalism, and Rapport (further explained here). Briefly, charisma is having the ability to motivate, attract, and influence others; professionalism includes being prepared, having confidence, and possessing an expertise in the topic being discussed; and rapport includes mutual attentiveness, coordination, and positivity.
The premise of CPR is that these qualities are primarily displayed and created through nonverbal channels.
Gaffes, visual aids and baggy clothing
Coming into today’s debate, each participant entered with their own nonverbal communication baggage.

Vice President Biden’s gaffes are well known (see TIME magazine’s list), while Ryan, the policy wonk, had to do without his graphs and charts to explain complex content.
Additionally, it seems he needs to pay closer attention to the sizing of his clothes (as detailed by New York Times, LA Times, and Washington Post).
Biden laughs, Ryan holds it together
It was suggested that in order for Biden to win, he would have to have sharp, simple, and direct attacks when challenging Ryan. Biden did go after Ryan repeatedly, yet he also repeatedly lost his composure.
The video below is an example of Biden not being able to control his emotions. The result is him not being charismatic, professional, or building rapport with the audience.
Although Biden lost due to his lack of control, Ryan’s baseline while listening was a constant smirk which has a negative connotation. My colleague Maggie Pazian, facial expression expert, had this to say about Paul Ryan when I asked her for comment:
He had a baseline smirk throughout the debate and particularly when listening to Biden. Dimpling the lip corners in a constant posed smile-like expression lacks the genuine emotional connection and authenticity. This over controlled expression could be a contributing factor to what some are already are calling Ryan’s “robotic” performance.

Ryan won for two reasons.
First, because Biden lost.
Second, despite his smirk, Ryan maintained control of his emotions overall, used congruent gestures, spoke in a tone and speed that was clear and calm, and presented himself more professionally. The following video displays Ryan’s ability to present with control, and Biden’s lack of it.
Considering many readers of this article will not be able to vote in this election, the value of this analysis is that it allows readers to apply this to their own lives and become a more effective communicator.
Remember, when it comes to nonverbal communication, people’s perception is always more important than what you intended.
Chris Aitchison
logged in via Twitter
So you're saying that the words the candidates said had little to do with your assessment of the debate?
It is an interesting strategy to pick a debate winner based solely on non-verbal cues.
If it is about picking a winner based on public perception, surely an order of magnitude more people will be exposed to quotes and memes from the debate via social media rather than watch actual footage, so in that respect non-verbal performance is nowhere near as important as saying the right things.
Mike Swinbourne
logged in via Facebook
I agree Chris.
Its interesting how Jeff Thompson (any relation I wonder?) thinks Biden laughed and lost, while Ryan smirked and won.
I was more concerned with their policies and what they actually said. But then, maybe I am looking at politics from the wrong angle. Perhaps I should stop trying to be rational about who should lead the country, and just let facial expressions determine who should lead.
I wonder what Jeff thinks about the PM's performance the other day. She obviously did a bad job, getting all emotional and all - despite what just about everyone in the world thinks (except the Murdoch press obviously).
alfred venison
records manager (public sector)
yes & yes, guys. as i read it, according to this mode of analysis, biden, say, could have promised to sell texas to the mexicans and he'd have lost because he laughed. -a.v.
Robert Tony Brklje
Robert Tony Brklje is a Friend of The Conversation.
retired
The biggest catch with that kind of analysis is, it's a one off analysis. No track record, no history of prior statements and, no established interactions.
So in a one off, even loaded with lies basically psychopaths et al can get away with it.
No when you add in track record, a history of prior statements and, established interactions, those CPR Model experts stump around like idiots wondering why it didn't all work.
Reason it fails is when people are on their guard, or they doubt your statements or they are questioning your veracity, coming off way too professional just comes off as smarmy and puts people right off and that's when being like more everyone else pays off, being a little unsure, seeking common rapport, try to share laughter (absolutely do not "grin like a jackass", that's a common reference for a reason), absolutely do not be a know it all and, pause every know and they to show sure deliberation prior to speaking because their questions are very important.
Jo Anne Irvine
logged in via Facebook
I think you have missed the point here. What Jeff is showing us is a tool for us to be able to discern and fully comprehend what our politicians are saying to us, not only in words, but also in their gestures and reactions. Words are also important of course but non verbal communication can lead to us percieving them in different ways and perhaps can be the difference between voting for someone who says what you want to hear but doesn't believe in it or is clearly lying (Romney) and voting for someone who might be less charming but actually more competent.
alfred venison
records manager (public sector)
i didn't miss it - i got it & my remark is directed to what strikes me as its incompleteness. an analysis of gestures without relating these to what is being said at the same time is pointless to me. its a debate that is being analysed - a contest of ideas. nonverbal communication either supports or subverts the spoken communication of the ideas in a debate - it does not have its effect in a the absence of the spoken communication of ideas.
this example [ http://current.com/groups/news-blog/93926443_biden-s-body-language-beats-ryan-down.htm ] is closer to what i would like to have in terms of an analysis of nonverbal communications, in the context of a debate, and this is because it provides an analysis of the non-verbal communications in relation to what is being spoken at the same time. -a.v.
Fran Barlow
teacher
The only problem with this analysis is that Biden is generally recognised (at this early stage) to have won. I suppose it will take a couple of days to test if this is so, but the online polls I've seen and a couple of Republican commentators are calling it for him.
In part this was because Biden was able to call out Ryan as talking buig but offering nothing substantive. Biden's "bunch of stuff" is making a run to be counted alongsiode Reagan's "there you go again" to Carter back in 1980.
Very…
Read morealfred venison
records manager (public sector)
"Very folksy, and the laughing fits Biden's easy going manner". yes, laughing, or avuncular, or folksy, *is* biden. indeed, if biden had not laughed, i'd have suspected a manchurian candidate plant. -a.v.
Jason Dwyer
logged in via Twitter
i'll presume the author also determined Obama won the first debate then too, based on the asserted criteria above.
what a load of tosh.
Politically Aroused
logged in via Twitter
For someone that apparently studies charisma, rapport, and professionalism - and claims that Biden lost on these grounds - you sure have done an excellent job of ignoring the majority reaction that biden won on each of those grounds. Maybe your 'CPR mode'l needs to be recalibrated.
Jay Wulf
Consultant
I am told that 80% of our communication, is nonverbal.
But to claim that Biden lost because he smiled is as a politician would say... 'Liberal with the facts'.
Are we condemned to the future where a 'debate' is a nonsensical sing song of melodic syllables because it contracts the facial muscles in the most appealing grimace?
If this idea fills you with dread, condemn bloggs like this as they contribute to this slide.
Biden positively stormed over Ryan whose response for sold information was repeatedly a personal anecdote...
In no small part because the gaggle of 'experts' such as
Mr Thompson on Ryans staff downloaded into him that personal anectode build rapport over factual response.
Seriously, the shoulers of the gians are shuddering in fear.
David Spellman
logged in via Twitter
Jeff Thompson has done an excellent job with solid analysis.
Biden should have won the non-verbal "gravitas" contest...he was in the US Senate when Ryan was 2 years old. The laughing, the broad gestures, are of a ward-heeler not someone a heartbeat away from the presidency. Ryan (who looks 15 years younger than he is) simply had to seem capable of assuming the presidency (in a way Palin never could) if tragedy struck.
Likely I will not vote for either (I voted for Ron Paul in the primary) so I am neutral.
I am impressed by the CPR analysis and I always, always, always learn something from all of Jeff Thompson's communications.
Jeff Thompson
PhD Candidate, Nonverbal Communication & Mediation at Griffith University
Hello everyone and thank you for the comments (keep them coming!).
I’d like to reply to a few things-
I fully admit that words are important, however I also clearly state the article is an “analysis of Biden and Ryan’s nonverbal communication.” So, yes, that’s what I did- pick a winner based on their nonverbal actions. I by no means state it should be the only criteria to judge who was better, or more effective, yet I also feel it does play an important role.
A research study shows that…
Read moreChris Aitchison
logged in via Twitter
Hi Jeff,
You clearly know what you are talking about in regards to non-verbal communication, but the headline threw me a bit because it never mentions it.
If it was 'Biden laughs and loses - a non-verbal analysis of the first vice-presidential debate', it would be a lot less confusing and potentially more findable for people searching for such an analysis on google.
I reckon there'd be a keen audience if you wrote a piece on the non-verbals that were going on when Julia Gillard was tearing into Tony Abbot the other day :)
alfred venison
records manager (public sector)
"Body Language Experts Disagree On Biden's Aggressive Debate Performance, Say Ryan Was Nervous"
http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2012/10/12/body-language-experts-disagree-on-bidens-aggressive-debate-performance-say-ryan-was-nervous
"Both candidates were effective in rebuttal. But especially Biden controlled the agenda by rebutting EVERYTHING — both in words and in gestures." (Katherine Hall Jamieson U of Pennsylvania)
"I think it was part of an overall strategy to keep…
Read moreAlex Cannara
logged in via LinkedIn
Sounds like you needed to fill some copy space, Jeff!
"when people have a deep knowledge of the content, nonverbal communication is not as influential, while the opposite is true for those who are not as familiar with the specifics"
So, since the Ryan/Romney budget has never added up, even for Fox News, and Ryan continued to make that clear, it seems the voters got what they needed -- Joe showing how to communicate that the opposition is BS-ing.
You waste a lot of words without addressing the crux of the issue, Jeff -- honesty & openness. Ryan clearly failed on that score. The voters seem to have disagreed with you, CNN, etc, as well. Maybe your thesis should include management influences on 'analyses' at places like CCNN, Fox, etc? But we'll see.
Hopefully, your PhD work will have more useful substance than this piece. Call, if you wish.
Dr. A. Cannara
650-400-3071
Victoria Pynchon
logged in via Facebook
Thanks, Jeff, for the useful analysis. Of course one person's meat is another person's poison. Biden's smiling did concern me at first (would it be read as disrespectful and, if so, is it proper to disrespect an opponent who is twisting the facts and misstating the record?) As the debate went on, however, I was totally with Biden (and, though a Dem, was NOT with Obama so I am capable of critical comment about my own party). What I got from Biden was his inability to be inauthentic, his passion for his vision of America and his disdain for the people who would serve their religion before their country and promote monied interests over the welfare of the people. So, Biden won it for me. Still, always useful to know what physical mannerisms hurt the message we're trying to send. Thanks for educating all of us.
.
logged in via Twitter
Let me be straightforward, as a piece of opinion, it's ok, but as an analysis, it lacks. Without referring to the many mistakes your opinion have, and the holes in your theory, you confound your own subjectivity, with the subjectivity of all viewers, while not analysing this critically and make no intent on also understand who are the target of communication of Biden, which are not PHD candidates in Australia. What for you is lack of professionalism, for other cultures might strike as authenticity, think for example of the latin americans (that typically decide these elections in Florida), where display of emotions are not as harshly viewed as anglo cultures.
Tammy Lenski
Don't use a title
Jeff, thanks for your insightful analysis, as always. I was drawn to your thoughtful commentary about the ways Biden and Ryan helped and hurt their respective causes with their non-verbal communication, though I can't quite agree with the conclusion that Biden lost. While I was turned off by his disdainful smiles and head shakes throughout the debate and certainly wouldn't endorse that approach, I am cautious about taking any singular portion of anyone's behavior and judging that in exclusion...it…
Read moreMeagan Kae
Media Production at Meagan Kae Pty Ltd
Three season of "Lie to Me" and putting up with Tim Roth, I think most educated and working professionals are aware of body language. Centrelink job providers even teach it for use during interview techniques.
What I find interesting about this article is that the author does not at any point discuss how many of the non verbal reactions may have been scripted, rehearsed.
Like lawyers practice closing arguments, Biden would have been going through the debate topics with his media team for months…
Read moreHugh Sturgess
Student
I was hoping for some empirical evidence for why laughing, moving and throwing up your hands in a political debate goes over poorly with voters, but there was nothing! As far as I can tell from your Psychology Today page, that's a model for physicians dealing with patients, not politicians. Now, maybe it can be applied to both - but you don't even try to argue that, you just assume it. Nor do you try to argue from evidence that wearing ill-fitting suits (as Ryan did) and interrupting (as both did) actually influences the audience's response. If your CPR model has evidence behind it, show us it! Post-debate polls suggest that it was seen either as a draw or a Biden win.
As for suggesting that Americans ruled against Biden when he was audibly frustrated by Ryan's false accusation that unemployment is rising (seen in the first video)... Come on! The American people may be stupid, but they are not that stupid.
Kevin Orrman-Rossiter
Senior Research Services Officer, Faculty of Science at University of Melbourne
Well Jeff, I think it beholds us all to laugh at nonsense. We could all stop with this pseudo politeness when politicians, of any party in any democracy, spout nonsense-call them to task, laugh at their vapid 'say nothing with many words' commentaries.
here is something from Rolling Stone that says this a little more eloquently than I:
http://bit.ly/STcUgb
Alex Cannara
logged in via LinkedIn
Really? Not "Ryan keeps lying and loses the VP debate?"
Whoever wrote this drivel can clean up the RNC floors on election night.
;]
Leo Kerr
Consultant
All this stuff is pretty irrelevant - I mean Wall street owns them all - Obama, Romney and Congress. Same as same as ...... corruption of democracy, rule by vested interest.
Alex Cannara
logged in via LinkedIn
Easy way out of putting any effort into voting, Leo.
Guy Hibbins
Medical Officer
Debates are normally scored on three things manner, matter and method. The above article really only considers manner. Certainly this is important, but what really counts in US presidential debates according to analysis of 100 years of US elections by Martin Seligman is which candidate is more believably optimistic in their proposed solutions to key problems.
In theory at least, just about any candidate could potentially win a debate scored on manner alone, however, this would not necessarily translate into votes.
Guy Hibbins
Medical Officer
The real elephant in the room in the US Presidential debate is what to do about the debt and the $66 trillion in contingent liablilities over the coming decades in social security and Medicare. This is discussed by the economist HS Dent in his work The Great Crash Ahead.
While it seems clear that there will need to be reduced expenditure in the form of means testing and increased revenue in the form of higher taxes for high income earners, both sides have so far largely danced around the issue.
In his book, Dent cogently argues with good evidence that unless the US does something now it will descend into a European style debt crisis with enforced austerity and further credit downgrades.
Most candidates find it convenient not to address this head on, however.
Daryl Deal
retired
Oh really?
A most interesting debate.
Reality, has a liberal bias.
Thou shall not commit logical fallacies. http://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/poster
So, you are now telling me Congressman Paul Ryan's, complete gish gallop litany of lies won the day?
Me personally, looking at the body language of Paul Ryan, it appears to be one of a habitual liar. If one applies "Occam's Razor Test", not one of his inconvenient truth or facts he used in his gish gallop speech or pure horse hockey nonsense…
Read moreAlex Cannara
logged in via LinkedIn
Here's what Sat. Night Live did with poor Ryan...
http://www.upi.com/blog/2012/10/14/Saturday-Night-Live-spoofs-the-VP-debate-with-Usain-Bolt-cameo-VIDEO/7991350224914/
Ryan Wittingslow
PhD student in Film and Philosophy at University of Sydney
Hi Jeff,
Would be interested to hear your response to the following article, given that it appears to directly contradict your claims: http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/study-in-debates-words-do-have-more-impact-than-body-language/263708/.
Jeff Thompson
PhD Candidate, Nonverbal Communication & Mediation at Griffith University
Ryan,
Thank you for sharing that link, I found the article and research
study to be insightful. Yes, I agree it does contradict many of my
assessments but it is one study based on a German election.
I think what gives greater validity to my review of the available literature pertaining to the debates and nonverbal communication is it deals specifically with the US debates.
I did a literature review spanning over 30 years of debates that
consistently posits the effect a debater's nonverbal communication has
on the audience.
I tweeted many of these studies the day of the second presidential
debate with the #DebateResearch and hope to have the article I wrote that it is based on published within the next few days. In the meantime, I invite you to check:
https://twitter.com/search?q=%23DebateResearch&src=hash
Jeff Thompson
PhD Candidate, Nonverbal Communication & Mediation at Griffith University
I invite everyone to read my follow-up article to this: "The Science of Body Language & The Debates."
It details 10 research studies specific to US presidential debates as well as charisma and immediacy.
Comments always welcome :)
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beyond-words/201210/the-science-body-language-the-debates