Fact check: only drugs and alcohol together cause violence

On ABC TV’s Four Corners program last night, Paul Nicolaou, chief executive officer of Australia Hotels Association New South Wales, dismissed claims that alcohol is fuelling late-night violence, arguing instead that it’s a mixture of drugs and alcohol that’s causing the problem. The argument that illicit…

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Australian studies show alcohol is considerably more likely than other drugs to be involved in violence. Aviva West

On ABC TV’s Four Corners program last night, Paul Nicolaou, chief executive officer of Australia Hotels Association New South Wales, dismissed claims that alcohol is fuelling late-night violence, arguing instead that it’s a mixture of drugs and alcohol that’s causing the problem.

The argument that illicit drugs rather than alcohol consumption are the key contributors to night-time violence is commonly made. There is research evidence against this claim at several levels.

When expert pharmacologists are asked to compare the inherent dangerousness of drugs, alcohol ranks very high. In one study published in The Lancet in 2010, the consensus was that alcohol was the most dangerous of drugs. This was partly due to the amount of harm experienced by those other than the drinker (the rankings are reproduced here).

Concerning violence in particular, a review of the role of different drugs in inducing violence noted that alcohol was “by far the drug most likely to be associated with heightened likelihood of interpersonal violence”.

Summarising the relationships found in population studies, a World Health Organization report concludes that “studies increasingly highlight the role of alcohol consumption in people becoming victims of violence and perpetrators of violence”.

In Australian studies, alcohol is considerably more likely than other drugs to be involved in violence.

First of all, alcohol intoxication is simply more common than illicit drug use. A recent large-scale study interviewed nearly 4,000 people visiting licensed venues in Geelong and Newcastle. This study found that 7% reported any illicit drug use (most commonly cannabis), while two-thirds reported drinking alcohol even before arriving at a licensed venue.

More importantly, specific studies of violence and injury typically find alcohol involvement more than twice as often as drug involvement.

Data from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program shows that alcohol is responsible for around three times as much violent offending as all illicit drugs combined (33.6% vs 12.4%).

Similarly, the National Homicide Monitoring Program shows high levels of alcohol involvement in violent deaths. Homicide offenders were over twice as likely to have been drinking prior to their offence than to have been using drugs.

These findings are further supported by surveys of crime victims. In the National Drug Strategy Household Survey, 8.1% of Australian adults reported being the victim of an alcohol-related assault. The corresponding figure for illicit drugs was just 2.2%.

And unpublished data from the Personal Safety Survey found that 85% of assaults attributed to substance use were alcohol-related (with the other 15% linked to illicits).

Alcohol plays the leading role in violence among drugs in Australia both because of its pharmacological properties and because it is so available and commonly used. Attempts to get alcohol off the hook by pointing elsewhere are not supported by the science.

Join the conversation

71 Comments sorted by

  1. Peter Ormonde

    Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.

    Farmer

    It is a sobering experience to have a walk through my little town's cemetry. Any small town I suspect.

    There are three sorts of grave... simple humble markers recording generations of farmers - all of whom seemed to make it well past 70; the so sad tiny old graves of their infant children in rows -stopping abruptly in the 1960s; and lastly - large flashy modern effusive monuments - to Ross, Blair, Kevin, Stevo and Trevor - all under 25 ... lots of them - maybe 30%. Road kill. Not accidents - crashes.

    And on several of these granite memorials, pilgrims and visitors leave their offerings - KB bottles, Fosters, Tooheys Old, Jim Beam, Southern Comfort.

    Sobering indeed.

    I wonder how our seven local publicans get to sleep at all, let alone freely walk the streets. But they do.

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    1. Judith Olney

      Ms

      In reply to Peter Ormonde

      Living in a country town myself Peter, I know exactly what you mean. The responsible service of alcohol laws are a joke, a friend of mine that works in a local hotel says that she is reluctant to cut off supply to drunks, because that is exactly when they turn violent, against the staff member who cut them off. She is often working with only one or two other women, who have no way of dealing with drunken violent men themselves in any physical sense.

      The damage to people and property, by drunks, is increasing, from assaults to smashing bottles on the streets, and smashing windows, it has to stop, but it will take political will of gargantuan proportions to actually do anything meaningful about this problem, and that is a will that does not exist in our society today.

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    2. Pamela H.

      logged in via email @hotmail.com

      In reply to Judith Olney

      Judith is right. I worked in hospitallity for many years and have seen way too much violence due to alcohol alone. My own father was like a Jekyll and Hyde, a gentleman when sober and an absolute aggressive monster when he drank. It's those who don't want to face up to this, who point the finger at 'drugs' (a very broad scope there), want to keep sucking on the bottle and clutching their security blankets as they slowly kill themselves with alcohol poisoning, and alcohol related diseases, bash their wives, terrify their children and kill others on the roads, rather than be responsible for their own addictions. They need to clean up their own backyards before pointing the finger at a neighbour's who might quietly smoke a bit of pot once in a while.

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  2. Kim Darcy

    Analyst

    Robin, I have no doubt that very late night violence is fueled by alcohol. It only makes sense, the longer you drink, the drunker you get, the more your social skills decline. However, Nicola Roxon style Nanny State Jackboot across the whole of civil society is not the appropriate response. First of all, caveat emptor - "buyer beware" - tells us not to venture out at night at 2 am on Friday and Saturday nights on Sydney's George Street. Nobody did this before the extension to 24 hour drinking. Cutting back hotel licensing opening hours is one possible response. The best advice is, however, just stay away from these areas after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights.

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    1. Karsten Mohr

      Cat Herder

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Well put Kim. Another cause of drunken violence at set closing times forcing lots of people out of venues all looking for public transport home at the same time. I also find that pubs and clubs are now in concentrated areas and lots of the "local" pubs have closed down.

      Darwin was a scary place after closing at 3am. Hobart (Town) used to have 1 public house per 26 houses in the whaling days.

      As John points out below, other illicit drugs now play a role in the alcohol problem but I would say that is due to an increase in supply of amphetamines.

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    2. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Karsten Mohr

      Indeed Karsten. There is the famous example of the Sydney Police experiment on the millennium News Year Eve (1999/2000). They held back on ecstasy arrests in the lead up to that night. As a result, there were only a handful of arrests across the city, on the night that usually results in hundreds of arrests. Speed/crystal-meth plus alcohol produces another result all together. A very ugly and violent result.

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    3. Anthony Nolan

      Ruminant

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      What breed of free speecher is this? We are free it seems to choose to enter known danger zones and equally free to stay away. This leaves aside issues of the rule of law within the danger zones themselves. This is an absurd argument. The rule of law must apply laws equally regardless of geograpy or demographic differences or, for that matter, regardless of a whole range of communal and individual differences.

      Kim Darcy's attitude is a recipe for barbarism. Of course, we'd all be safe if we were free to carry guns, I suppose. Geez, I've always wanted to get around with a hand weapon. Cool. Maybe there is something to tea Party philosophy after all.

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    4. Anthony Nolan

      Ruminant

      In reply to Karsten Mohr

      Heavens! Hobart had 1 pub per 26 houses in the whaling days? And the Tasmanian's - it didn't do them any harm, did it now? all that booze. Or is this an unprecedented personal memory?

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    5. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Anthony Nolan

      Anthony, the "law" is always geographically-specific, depending on the jurisdiction of the relevant law-maker. We have different laws according to street area, suburbs, local councils, states, and so on. Sure, if you want, mandate the same law across all the different jurisdictions. In which case, you will naturally get vastly different outcomes, as we do now. It's called 'diversity'.

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    6. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Anthony Nolan

      Anthony, look we know you're a fanatic for State power, and for State surveillance. We get it. But you're too late. The history of the post-war era had been about resisting State power, and the lickspittles whose interests encroaching State power serves. We beat you guys. Deal with it.

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    7. Judith Olney

      Ms

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Kim do you think we should just let the violent drunks rule the night? Why shouldn't people, in a supposedly civil society, be able to walk the streets at any hour they please, without having to worry about being attacked by a drunk?

      I do however, agree with your proposition of cutting back hotel and club opening hours. More could also be done to enforce the laws we already have, such as the responsible service of alcohol, and street drinking.

      I used to love going to local events such as the horse racing cup day in my town, but drunken violence has made this into a nightmare. Going to a hotel to watch a band now involves having to put up with drunken violence, and anti-social behaviour, and has made what was a fun and pleasant night out, a risky venture. It wasn't always this way, so what has changed?

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    8. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Judith Olney

      Judith, while I agree with you about being able to walk where we want, the fact is, we already cordon off all sorts of areas for particular purposes that are not permissible in other areas. I do not think teenagers should be able to drink all night in pubs, but if it is going to happen, best it is restricted to very small areas. I really don't think yours or my civil liberties are infringed by sequestering the vile drunks into George Street on Friday and Saturday nights.Let's face it, we wouldn't to stroll around there in broad daylight on a weekday, let alone at 4 am Saturday/Sunday morning!

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    9. Anthony Nolan

      Ruminant

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      This response is ridiculous and shows complete ignorance of the law. One of the hallmarks of modernity is the consistent and rational application of rules. This includes the criminal law. Suggesting that council by laws, for example, are different from one council area to another and that this justifies treating The Rocks or The Cross or Hunter St, Newcastle as criminal free fire zones where citizens must fend for themselves is bizarre.

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    10. Anthony Nolan

      Ruminant

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Oh, so it was you who wanted the state to 'wither away' all the time then was it?

      You are waging a straw man campaign that is so wide of the mark that it can only be described as peculiar.

      Now, I'll tell you about my experiences working for the state, in the NSW Dept. of Community Services, as a child protection officer, which experiences led me to the view that the entire organisation ought to be abandoned, that entrenched staff with profoundly bigoted views ought to be weeded out, that Pru Goward's move to engage the private sector as care providers is the best initiative possible. Want more? The department is unaccountable and the children's courts are little more than rubber stamps for departmental staff who routinely fabricate evidence and misrepresent their own actions; decision making is amateur, to say the least.

      In the light of this you might want to position me elsewhere on your set in concrete sliding scale of political understanding.

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    11. Rick Fleckner

      Student

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Unless you happen to live there. You propose a ridiculous solution. It is everyone's right to avail themselves of public space at any time of the day. Fair enough to stay away from the streets of Damascus. The policing policies are part of the problem. The country town scenario mentioned above is a prime example. A responsible server of alcohol can look forward to some aggression of some sort at least, after cutting off the supply. By the time the one or two (country town) police on call arrive the aggressive drunk has perhaps bashed and smashed his way elsewhere. The RSA tickets and such like are designed to take the onus of responsibly serving away from the business proprietor and on to the employee - just like chemical handling certification in farming enterprises. If you have been basically trained in the art of serving alcohol or mixing agricultural chemicals then it is your fault if a problem occurs. NB., I have no immediate solution myself!

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    12. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Anthony Nolan

      Anthony, thanks for sharing your 'up close and personal with the State' experiences. I gotta say, I've always thought that DOCS folks really are stuck between a rock and a hard place. It would not surprise me at all if, as a workplace, the place was psychotic. But nowhere have I even hinted that "treating The Rocks or The Cross or Hunter St, Newcastle as criminal free fire zones where citizens must fend for themselves is bizarre." What I am saying that I oppose passing laws that restrict the liberties of the vast majority of the country and the population because of the appalling alcohol-fueled violence in late night districts. All this baying for civil blood - BAN booze! 100% taxes! - is sick.

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    13. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Kim,
      Levels of alcohol abuse and it's symptoms (domestic violence and street violence) correlates with accessibility of alcohol (ie numbers of bottle shops in a suburb, opening times etc). Moreover, the Newcastle experience shows how opening times (or rather closing times), as well as other restrictions, can lead to a decrease in violence and presentations to ED.
      What public health advocates are stating, i imagine, is restriction on the accessibility of alcohol. I fail to see how this restricts…

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    14. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      Seamus, that is not correct. In Newcastle, all they did was tweak the conditions in the late night boozing district. In fact, all they did was move pub closing hours from 5 am to 3.30am, plus lock outs after 1.30am, and a ban on shots and doubles after 10 pm. In no way was the rest of the city affected. I do not support 5 am/24 hour licenses for pubs. As far as I'm concerned, the "liberty" argument gets weaker very quickly, for every hour open after about 1 am. After 1am (and maybe 2 am in some areas), let the ragers move on to private clubs. Only, I would raise the legal age for these private clubs to 21. In other words, all the pissed kids just have to go home at 1 am. There is NO need for Nanny Roxon tax-grabs, or "public health" "strategies" and "guidelines".

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    15. Judith Olney

      Ms

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Do you think we should have cordoned off, no go areas for the general public, for drunks? We may cordon off areas for various sports activities, cultural activities, or even areas that are alcohol free, do you think we should do the same to allow drunks free reign?

      Rather than restricting the drunks to small areas, why not simply prevent people from being able to get so drunk that they are likely to harm themselves and others. Prevention is worth a tonne of cure.

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    16. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      A "strategy' and a 'guideline' seems like an excellent idea; or rather, anything that is likely or proven to work sounds like a good idea.
      We either accept the status quo and are fine with high levels of alcohol related violence in and out of the home or we are not.
      if we are not than a strategy is required to moderate the problem or mitigate it's effect sufficiently.
      You contention that cordoning the drunk, or staying away from known drinking areas, as an efective strategy is problematic as it…

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    17. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      Seamus, I'm not even sure what this means:
      "You contention that cordoning the drunk, or staying away from known drinking areas, as an efective strategy is problematic as it does nothing to curb domestic violence or violence between patrons."
      Where have I made any such "contention"? And where did I proffer this as a "strategy", "effective" or otherwise? When you say this contention is "problematic", is that a good or a bad thing? After that, we can discuss what I actually have said. I have posted it about five times now. The most recent repost is two posts above you. It is also, in fact, a reply to you.

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    18. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      KIm,
      You wrote:
      'The best advice is, however, just stay away from these areas after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights.' and

      You're right, stating that this 'as a contention is problematic' is not correct. What I should have said is "kim, this is plain B.S.". For the reasons that I have already elaborated on.

      '

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    19. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      And once again, I repeat, please go back to what I have posted on the issue, just a few posts above, and elsewhere on this thread. And yes, if you ask for my advice this Saturday night before going out in Sydney, I will advise you very strongly to just stay away from george Street.

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    20. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      Seamus, here you are. Take my hand.
      Seamus, that is not correct. In Newcastle, all they did was tweak the conditions in the late night boozing district. In fact, all they did was move pub closing hours from 5 am to 3.30am, plus lock outs after 1.30am, and a ban on shots and doubles after 10 pm. In no way was the rest of the city affected. I do not support 5 am/24 hour licenses for pubs. As far as I'm concerned, the "liberty" argument gets weaker very quickly, for every hour open after about 1 am. After 1am (and maybe 2 am in some areas), let the ragers move on to private clubs. Only, I would raise the legal age for these private clubs to 21. In other words, all the pissed kids just have to go home at 1 am. There is NO need for Nanny Roxon tax-grabs, or "public health" "strategies" and "guidelines".

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    21. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Repeating it doesn't make it more sensible, Kim.
      You state:
      '...Nanny State Jackboot across the whole of civil society is not the best response.... the best advice, however, is to stay away...etc'

      well, 'staying away' is not the best response. You do state that 'Cutting back hotel licensing opening hours is one possible response' but then reassert to me that to reead what you've written... which is The best advice is to stay away...

      The best advice is a range of policies to control the…

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    22. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      Seamus, no the best advice is NOT a range of policies to control the sale of alcohol, the overuse of alcohol and the violence engendered by such use. I repeat, I do not support 5 am/24 hour licenses for pubs. As far as I'm concerned, the "liberty" argument gets weaker very quickly, for every hour open after about 1 am. After 1am (and maybe 2 am in some areas), let the ragers move on to private clubs. Only, I would raise the legal age for these private clubs to 21. In other words, all the pissed kids just have to go home at 1 am. There is NO need for Nanny Roxon tax-grabs, or "public health" "strategies" and "guidelines".

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    23. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      Well if people are suffering violence in their homes, they really need to move out. It's like "hullo is Mr. Wall home? No. Is Mrs Wall, home? No. Are any of the walls there? No. Well you'd better get out quick, because your roof is about to collapse on you."

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    24. Felix MacNeill

      Environmental Manager

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      That remark is as naive as it is ugly. Thank you for clarifying the one-dimensional nature of your world view.

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    25. Anthony Nolan

      Ruminant

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Leaving aside the matter of alcohol and focusing on the wider issue of the state in a democracy - the state's use of power has always been a problem for modern democracy; the problem increases with the collapse of media scrutiny occasioned by monopoly media ownership, too close connections between parliamentarians and media owners and the revolving door culture that currently exists between all levels of government and the corporate sector (for which see NSW Inc under the ALP and the current ICAC…

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  3. John Delong

    Engineer

    This article only just touches on the reality of the situation. To put all illicit drugs under the one banner is disingenuous at best.

    One of the main drivers for keeping cannabis illegal is the beverage industry. Back in days when I smoked, I would drink considerably less or not all after inhaling.

    Cannabis does not make people violent, in fact it does the opposite.

    The class of drugs that must be under the spotlight in this discussion is the amphetamines, in all their forms. Amphetamines…

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    1. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Gary Myers

      Gary, unfortunately, belief/practice of sorcery and witchcraft is still rife among indigenous groups. Including Australian Aborigines.

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    2. John Delong

      Engineer

      In reply to Gary Myers

      Gary, I thought the article here was about alcohol violence in Australia. I guess you are baiting on my assertion about the relative non violent profile of cannabis users.

      However the article you link is very good and indeed throws another conundrum into the mix. The mining industry and its role in the degradation of societies impacted by the rampant nature of the beast and in the inequality it brings.

      Anecdotally I have observed that the rise of violence in Australia over the last 2 decades has a correlation with the rise of the mining industry, the rise of amphetamines, the rise in militarism and the rise of jingoism.

      The use of amphetamines in the military and the mining industry in this country is off the charts.

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    3. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to John Delong

      What is the relative level of amphetamine abuse in the military (and miners) compared to the same demographic in the community now, John? You must have those figures at hand in order to make such a statement.

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    4. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      well there's this:
      http://www.news.com.au/national/drug-use-on-the-wane-among-defence-personnel/story-fncynjr2-1226484102965

      is this what you mean by amphetamine abuse as 'off the charts' - so low compared to the civilian community that it's off the chart?

      You might be interested to know that amphetamine use is only one component of the recent 1.5 - 0.5 % drop in detection rates. The detections consist of illict drugs such as cannaboids and amphetamines, but also licit drugs without a prescription, such as opiates (eg. codeine), steroids and benzodiazipines.

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    5. Tobin Richard

      Software Development Manager

      In reply to John Delong

      "To put all illicit drugs under the one banner is disingenuous at best."

      You'll also notice that the vested interests are very careful to always put alcohol under a different banner altogether to illicit drugs. A better, though still wrong, headline would have been "only alcohol together with some other drugs causes violence".

      The line between what drugs are legal and what aren't is more political and arbitrary than many people want to admit. Using it in this discussion rather than objective scientific data about each substance is unhelpful.

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    6. Michael Livingston

      Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at The University of New South Wales at University of New South Wales

      In reply to Tobin Richard

      I accept the point here, that all illicit drugs don't have the same association with violence, but our task here was to assess Nicolau's comments - if we'd compared alcohol just with amphetamine-type stimulants we'd have been narrowing the comparison and tipping the results even further towards alcohol.

      There's a much broader set of conversations to be had about the relative risks/benefits of various drugs (licit and illicit), which was well beyond the scope of this piece. The Nutt article in the Lancet which is linked to in the 2nd paragraph is a good place to start.

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    7. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Tobin Richard

      "You'll also notice that the vested interests are very careful to always put alcohol under a different banner altogether to illicit drugs."
      Yeah, those "vested interested" being the 90% of Australian adults who like to drink, as we have for centuries.

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    8. Tobin Richard

      Software Development Manager

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Kim, I don't understand your comment. What do adults who enjoy a drink stand to gain from perpetuating the idea that alcohol is not a drug? By vested interests I meant those who stand to lose money from anything that might correctly recognize alcohol as part of our overall drug problem.

      I suppose drinkers (which includes me) might get some emotional benefit from incorrectly thinking that they are not "drug users" but that seems like a stretch.

      In a discussion about the harms caused by drug use, excluding alcohol or placing it into some special separate category is unhelpful and dishonest.

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    9. Tobin Richard

      Software Development Manager

      In reply to Michael Livingston

      Point taken Michael. I didn't mean to imply that you personally had been dishonest or have a vested interest and apologize if it came across that way.

      I have had a close family member be badly affected by alcohol which eventually contributed to their early death. The whole agonizing process made me realize that the attitude towards alcohol being some sort of special case drug causes us a great deal of suffering. The difference in attitudes towards alcohol addiction compared to other addictions…

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    10. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to Tobin Richard

      "What do adults who enjoy a drink stand to gain from perpetuating the idea that alcohol is not a drug?"
      Tobin, we have distinguished between drugs and alcohol for thousands of years. The ancient Greek word for "drug" was "pharmakon" (from which we get our 'pharmacology'). In ancient Greece, a "pharmokon" - just like our modern "drug" - could be both a poison and a medicine to cure, often used by magicians and sorcerers nefariously. Hippocrates and the ancient Greeks would have understood our modern…

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    11. Tobin Richard

      Software Development Manager

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Kim, apart from being one of the most bizarre defenses of exceptionalism towards alcohol I have ever read, you've failed to address the word "perpetuating" in my sentence. We know now that alcohol is a mind altering drug regardless of the classification the ancient Greeks gave it. Also, "medication" is only one of many synonyms which appears in the thesaurus so clearly your definition of "drug" isn't the only one and is hardly unambiguous.

      To perpetuate the idea which exists in some people's minds that alcohol is not a drug in the context of public health and safety is definitely unhelpful and dishonest. You could argue that another word like "intoxicant" be used instead to reduce ambiguity but good luck having that catch on.

      I'll take the point that alcohol is deeply ingrained in most human cultures but that's an entirely separate matter.

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    12. Felix MacNeill

      Environmental Manager

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Kim, that is either disingenuous or just plain stupid - it was perfectly obvious that Tobin was refering to those who make money out of the industry (I think you'll find that's pretty much the standard interpretation of the word 'vested' among Enlish-speaking humans).

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    13. Felix MacNeill

      Environmental Manager

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      Kim, I seem to recall that the ancient Greeks pretty much divided everything into Earth, Air, Fire and Water - now, philosophically that is quite interesting and, given what they knew at the time, by no means stupid, but the simplt fact is we've moved on a bit since then.

      Or would you prefer to be humoursed?

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  4. Anne Duncan

    logged in via email @gmail.com

    Extended alcohol trading hours have only been around a few years, but police, ambulance personnel and hospital staff all experience the down side - people hurting themselves and others due to extreme intoxication.
    The people providing front-line services, and families of those who have been killed or maimed are calling for change, but nothing is happening as there is too much money to be made by powerful interests.

    The joke is the fact that bars all have those signs saying they will refuse service to intoxicated people. You have to be nearly paralytic to be refused service.

    What is the harm in bringing back earlier closing times? People can continue to drink at home if they wish. When people are losing their lives it is time to pause, think, and take appropriate action. Sometimes people need protecting from themselves. When people are drunk, they are not capable of making rational choices.

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    1. Felix MacNeill

      Environmental Manager

      In reply to Kim Darcy

      You have got to be fucking joking, Kim!

      What happened to the Nanny State Jackboot?

      Are you actually saying anything at all or just exercising a random set of prejudices?

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  5. David Arthur

    n/a

    Has anyone breathalysed attendees at hospital emergency rooms?

    If there is a correlation between alcohol consumption and demand for emergency surgical assistance, then perhaps alcohol excise could be abandoned in favour of an alcohol consumption tax with revenue 100% allocated to funding the medical consequences of alcohol use.

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    1. David Arthur

      n/a

      In reply to Peter Ormonde

      Do you reckon the owners of Liquorland and Dan Kelly's would like that US idea?

      Consumption taxes need not be intended as "punishment", just an application of the "user-pays" principle. Mind you, advertising around this alcohol consumption tax would emphasise that it is specifically intended to fund the emergency services that, statistically, alcohol consumers need - "breathe easy, you're already paying for the ambulance, X-rays and blood transfusions you'll be wanting later tonight".

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    2. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to David Arthur

      David, no I do not think Liquorland etc would like that idea at all! LOL. :) Still, Howard was able to push past the gun lobbies.

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    3. Peter Ormonde

      Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.

      Farmer

      In reply to David Arthur

      I'm fine about consumption taxes on grog - seems to have had good effects in those Scandawegian places. But then a scotch will set you back about $15. So the poor snort ether. Talk about a cheap night out. Over a bit quickly though and hardly memorable.

      I'm also not averse to taxing drug dealers like publicans - folks who make their profits from old Frank with his permanent spot at the bar 7 days a week. Makes them rich Frank does. And his liver.

      Actually if we were to try and do a full…

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    4. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Peter Ormonde

      Peter,
      I beg to differ. I just spent a couple of weeks on the amalfi coast, in Amalfi itself. It cost 2/3 as much to spend a night in Amalfi as it did to spend a night in Canberra last weekend...
      In a vain attempt to bring this back to the topic, I noticed a lot of revelry in Amalfi town, I noticed people of all ages having a glass of wine or a beer with lunch, a campari of aperol before dinner and a glass of wine with dinner. I saw italian 'yoof' out on the town (and also young and old in the…

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  6. Peter Kretsch

    Environmental modeller

    I feel for some balance amongst all those % symbols the author should tell us what % of people have a great time with alcohol and go home safely and then bother to examine the difference between those that do go home happy at the end of the night and those that don't. The statistics read like someone describing cars being involved in 100% of car accidents, then concluding cars are bad.

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    1. Reema Rattan

      Editor at The Conversation

      In reply to Peter Kretsch

      I disagree Peter. I think it's like talking about deaths from speeding and talking about the really ultra fast cars that do 200km/hr as opposed to those that only do 80km/hr.

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    2. Stephen Riden

      Research and Information Manager, DSICA

      In reply to Reema Rattan

      Reema

      The problem is - continuing using your analagy - that every one of your contributors in this alcohol series are believers in the total consumption model of alcohol policy, i.e. to reduce alcohol abuse and harms you have to reduce total consumption across the whole population, and so they are strong supporters of population control measures - high prices, reduced availability and ending promotion.

      In the car analgy terms, those policies are crudely aimed at reducing the number of cars…

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  7. Anthony Nolan

    Ruminant

    Michael Livinstone, the premise of your article is that only the relationship between alcohol and violence accounts for an increase in violence; you argue that violence goes up with alcohol consumption. This doesn't address reasons for an increase in violence unconnected to alcohol: cage fighting as entertainment, war, home footage of 'my war' in Afghanistan or elsewhere, violence of film and on television, computer war games, street violence as private entertainment (look up 'street fights' on google. The normalisation of violence is quickening. Understanding violence and alcohol needs to be addressed in a mult-ifocal way.

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  8. John Pickard

    Eclectic naturalist

    Opening disclaimer: I don't drink, but that's because I never learned to like the taste. I'm quite happy to go to a pub and enjoy a quiet Coke (the liquid drug, not the white powder!) with friends having a beer or wine. But I cannot abide drunks.

    I watched the 4-Corners program, and found it disappointing. The nadir wasn't Sam in his wheelchair for life, and the impact on his family. It certainly wasn't the impact on the perpetrator, he KNEW what he was doing when he drank 10 cans of rum and…

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    1. Kim Darcy

      Analyst

      In reply to John Pickard

      Having now watched the 4-Corners episode, I agree that the AHA's Paul Nicolaou was just appalling. So, I support Dr. Room's calling him out.

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  9. Daniel Boon

    logged in via LinkedIn

    Example of Stupidity - Paul Nicolaou

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    1. Seamus Gardiner

      Citizen

      In reply to Daniel Boon

      Not stupid: cynical, self-interested and disengenuous. Oh, I forgot smug - the look on his face when confronted with the reporter's comment on the power of the liquor industry was one of satisfaction and of surety of his position. The man's not stupid, just cunning.

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    2. Peter Ormonde

      Peter Ormonde is a Friend of The Conversation.

      Farmer

      In reply to Seamus Gardiner

      We are coming perilously close to touching on the Great Grey Mystery of this whole issue Evert.

      These seriously sozzled kids we see brawling and hurling all over the street didn't buy it at all - not in NSW anyway.

      See we have this Responsible Service of Alcohol system where everyone involved in the trade has to do a course so they know exactly what they are doing, to whom, what is responsible and what isn't.

      See they couldn't have bought it obviously. It would be iresponsible to sell…

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  10. Evert Rauwendaal

    logged in via Facebook

    The Hotels Association would say that.

    Their goal is to sell as much liqour as possible. 'Those other bad drugs' (they mean the ones they don't sell) offer them a convenient scapegoat for overconsumption and the deterioration in public safety that follows.

    As if we wouldn't have a problem if everyone stuck exclusively to booze!

    Which is, while I'm at it, part of the bloody problem. You can't lawfully buy cannabis, psilocybin, MDMA and, for those in the audience, amphetamine users are no more likely to commit violent offences than non-users: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/421-440/tandi437.html

    Say we prohibited all sports except boxing. You want to play table tennis? Nope, sorry, that's illegal. We only permit blows to the head. Brain injury? Imagine if we allowed people to play other sports!

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  11. Margo Saunders

    Public Health Policy Researcher

    What about this? I don't know how they monitor compliance with this particular requirement, but here's an interesting approach: According to an AAP story in today's media, a 24-yr old Melbourne man has avoided 'a hefty jail sentence' in the USA after pleading guilty to the attepted sexual assault of a woman at a convention centre near Chicago. The man was intoxicated at the time of the incident. After pleading guilty to reduced charges, he was allowed to return to Melbourne 'but is banned from consuming alcohol for two years', among other requirements.

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  12. Ruby Quinn

    Shop Lady

    So many people I have encountered share the opinion that alcohol combined with licit drugs is responsible for a majority of violence in our streets. Most of those people source their "news" from ACA, todayes tonight or the project. Too bad almost everyone who needs to see this were watching modern family or my kitchen rules or whatever drivel passes as news or entertainment.

    It seems to me that for every person being forcefully removed from a licenced venue for excessive intoxication should not…

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    1. Judith Olney

      Ms

      In reply to Ruby Quinn

      The problem with responsible service of alcohol in my town, is that it is left to the often extremely busy bar staff, to decide when someone is too drunk to be served anymore. These staff members are often very young, (barely adults themselves in many cases), often young women, (who would come off far worse if the customer decided to argue the point, which is very often the case), there is often no other security, (particularly in country towns), and the publican is often no where to be seen…

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  13. Darren McCosker

    GM

    If I am reading your stats right you are saying that 93% of an average type sample drink only (ie no other drugs) and 33% Vs 14% of violent offending causation.

    By this guide (yes I know they are different studies but they were presented together in a linear argument) the ratio of drug type to offending is massively skewed to illicit drugs (ie 7% use = 14% casue Vs 93% use = 33% causation)

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