Monday’s medical myth: childhood vaccinations are dangerous

When I was an infant I had whooping cough and was ill for three months. I don’t remember it, of course, but I know it was very distressing for my parents. I do remember later trips with my researcher father to his laboratory where he worked on a vaccine for polio and to hospitals where infected children…

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There is no truth to claims that immunisations cause autism, brain damage or sudden infant death syndrome. theloushe

When I was an infant I had whooping cough and was ill for three months. I don’t remember it, of course, but I know it was very distressing for my parents. I do remember later trips with my researcher father to his laboratory where he worked on a vaccine for polio and to hospitals where infected children my own age were on iron lungs. That was very distressing.

I mention this because today people don’t see such diseases. They aren’t frightened about whooping cough or polio. In contrast, 100% of parents in Western Australia had their children vaccinated against polio when the vaccine was made available in 1956. Why? They were scared of their kids getting polio, a terrible disease as reflected in its other name, infantile paralysis.

Because today’s parents don’t have first-hand experience with dangerous infectious diseases they can be misled by myths about the supposed dangers of childhood vaccination: for instance, whooping cough vaccine causes brain damage; the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism and vaccination causes cot death or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

There is no truth to any of these claims. We in Australia have some of the best population data in the world on vaccination outcomes in children and it’s absolutely clear these myths are just that, myths.

The whooping cough myth started in the 1974 in the United Kingdom when some parents claimed that after being vaccinated their children were diagnosed with neurological disorders, what they called “brain damage”.

In fact, it was a coincidence. The first signs a child has a genetic or other brain disorder occur about six months of age. The vaccine is given at two, three and four months, hence the incorrect assumption that the latter caused the former.

I was a student in the UK at the time. It was disastrous that the medical and epidemiological professions didn’t respond after the kids were shown on television with the claims of vaccine caused brain injury. The government paid compensation, reinforcing the false vaccination-brain damage association.

As a result, the rate of vaccination dropped from 81% to 31%, triggering the most horrendous epidemic of whooping cough. In one year, 21 children died and thousands were hospitalised with severe pneumonia and, sadly, brain damage from the infection.

Vaccination has prevented enormous suffering and millions of deaths worldwide. The global health nonprofit PATH

The fear of the disease influenced parents to vaccinate again and immunisation rates went back up and disease incidence went down. But it’s a tragedy that it took an epidemic to prove that vaccination is protective. Several major studies also demonstrated clearly that whooping cough vaccines were protective against brain damage and not causing it.

The misguided belief that vaccination causes SIDS is also a case of myth by coincidence. The peak age of SIDS is four months, following vaccinations given from two to four months. The timing of the two events is associated in people’s minds, despite study after study showing no connection.

Instead, the research shows SIDS is linked strongly to lying babies on their face or having their head covered with bedding or toys. Other risk factors include smoking, not breastfeeding, overcrowding and over-heating.

The myth that the MMR vaccine causes autism is particularly naughty. It was started in 1998 by a scientist who published the claim in a widely-reported paper in The Lancet.

Again, vaccination rates fell precipitously and outbreaks of measles, mumps and rubella occurred. It was revealed the scientist had undeclared conflicts of interest and had engaged in scientific misconduct. The paper was retracted but the damage was done.

Such myths demonstrate why it’s absolutely crucial that medical researchers obtain solid laboratory data about new and combination vaccines, test them rigorously and obtain very good surveillance and monitoring data. The public must have confidence that the research is done and done well.

That’s why the Australian Academy of Science has just released a booklet – The Science of Immunisation: Questions and Answers – which explains the basics of vaccination and debunks common myths about vaccines and vaccination. It draws on expertise from a broad sector of the Australian science community, from virology and immunology to my field of epidemiology.

I urge all Australians to get the truth about the myths. Vaccination is a wonderful development in public health. It has prevented enormous suffering and millions of deaths worldwide. The benefits of vaccination outweigh the very small risk of unwanted side effects. Just ask the parents of 1956.

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35 Comments sorted by

Comments on this article are now closed.

  1. Tim Scanlon

    Debunker

    I regard not vaccinating as child abuse. But it isn't just child abuse for your child, it is for every other child, even every other person you ever come into contact with.

    My Uncle had polio as a child, I should have another Aunty, but they didn't have vaccines back then. Now they do, and it is our civic duty/responsibility to make sure we don't spread infectious diseases.

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    1. Neville Mattick

      Grazier: Biodiversity is the key.

      In reply to Tim Scanlon

      This is "herd immunity" which I see in livestock every day due to a range of pathogens and parasites.

      Humans' are no different - I just cannot reconcile the refusal to vaccinate, sad, very sad.

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    2. Jean Peterson

      Parent

      In reply to Tim Scanlon

      Tim,

      I empathize with the well-meaning spirit of your responses; however I am compelled to tell your from my own experience of a parent with two children diagnosed with Autism only 5 weeks after their vaccination for DPT and MMR that there is something amiss with the vaccination protocol. In both cases, my kids were perfectly walking and talking children at 18 months. Within 5 weeks of the vaccine they lost their ability to do both. This was back in the year 2000. The good news is, we were…

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    3. Boris Ogon

      logged in via Twitter

      In reply to Tim Scanlon

      @Jean: Once one approvingly invokes NAET, the ability to accuse anyone else of being "not very scientific" ends abruptly.

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    4. Tim Scanlon

      Debunker

      In reply to Tim Scanlon

      Jean, sorry about your kids, but I really think you should be taking them to real health professionals, NAET is not-medicine and not-science.

      In answer to your points:
      1) Fiona may use the word myth, but she also links to science, that is scientific.
      2) You are not understanding herd immunity nor effectiveness rates. No vaccine is 100% effective (nothing is 100% effective) which is why we need to have a majority of the population immunised to stop the spread and impacts of virus'. Besides which, your question has been answered, the non-immunised contracted whooping cough at twice the rate of those immunised. Sounds like an effective vaccine to me.

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    5. Sue Ieraci

      Public hospital clinician

      In reply to Tim Scanlon

      Jean Peterson - Your comments suggest that you don't know much about Prof Stanley - one of Australia's foremost researchers in child health.

      I sympathise with any parent who struggles with developmental issues in their children, but a diagnosis of autism at eighteen months that is then recovered with diet may not be a true case of autism - which neither manifests rapidly nor recovers rapidly.

      Since very large studies show no causative association between vaccination and autism, there may well be some other explanation for the issues your children had to deal with.

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  2. Blair Donaldson

    logged in via Facebook

    The anti-vaccination mindset demonstrated by so many ill informed parents shows how far respect for reason and evidence has fallen. Any crank who can post a conspiracy theory online is acknowledged by much of today's media and the propaganda is eagerly swallowed by the gullible.

    Meanwhile those few with genuinely compromised immune systems, cancer patients, the elderly and unprotected children suffer the consequences.

    It's the worst form of selfishness, as Tim said, it's really another form of child abuse. People like Meryl Dorey should be held accountable for the damage they have done.

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  3. Riddley Walker

    .

    Agree with Tim and Blair. How long will it be until there is a major whooping cough outbreak in Northern NSW (high incidence of non-immunisation). And how many innocents, children still too young to be immunised, will die a horrible death because of utter stupidity?

    On Catalyst earlier this year they interviewed a young woman on the streets of Byron Bay:
    "Are you immunised?"
    "No, my parents are against it. And I know, personally, of someone who got Downs Syndrome from it".

    What can you do with people like this?

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    1. Tim Scanlon

      Debunker

      In reply to Riddley Walker

      Mark, I'm pretty sure that stupidity is a genetic disease. The only known cure I've heard of is book learnin'.

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    2. trueglobalnews

      logged in via Twitter

      In reply to Riddley Walker

      Actually as many vaccinated people have the whooping cough as none vaccinated. That is proof that vaccines at best don't work right there.

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    3. Mark Amey

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Riddley Walker

      Trueglobalnews, do you have a reference for that, or is it one of those things that 'everybody knows'?

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  4. Sue Ieraci

    Public hospital clinician

    Amongst the many tropes of the anti-vax movement is their misunderstanding of the epidemiology of whooping cough vaccination and infection. They like to use this example because the seroconversion rate and longevity of immunity are not as good as for - say - Hepatitis B or Rubella (German Measles).

    Well, it absolute terms, it's true that there are more cases of whooping cough amongst the vaccinated than the unvaccinated (although the vaccinated generally have milder disease). But, what is the…

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  5. Michaela Patel

    Primary & Secondary Teacher

    My mum contracted whooping cough while in the UK in 2009. She arrived back in Australia really sick, and did damage to her vocal chords and throat before realising what the illness was. In fact, she had to Google-diagnose herself and go to the GP with her evidence to demonstrate to him that she most likely had whooping cough. Many GPs haven't seen it either. The worst thing was that my niece in the UK contracted it too - at 6 weeks of age, too young to be vaccinated. She required two emergency trips to hospital and was very lucky to survive unscathed.

    Three and a half years later, Mum still can't really sing or talk without coughing at inopportune moments. Having been in choirs for 40 years, this is pretty sad for her.

    We have since found out that you need to be revaccinated every 10 years for the pertussis vaccine to be effective.

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    1. trueglobalnews

      logged in via Twitter

      In reply to Michaela Patel

      Yeah sure, when she gets it within 5-9 years, it will be well yeah +/- one or two years.

      Thing is they are not effective, never been. Whooping cough is so rare these days, because most people had it through the 40/50's and so humans on average have defenses against it these days.

      Also many of these illnesses come and go in periods, many are dependent on the environment you are in, so with cleaner and healthier environments as well as natural immune response to them build up we rarely get…

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  6. Edward John Fearn

    Edward John Fearn is a Friend of The Conversation.

    Hypnotherapist and Naturopath

    Great article Fiona, It is vital that as much accurate information on vaccination be made available online as possible, in order to offset the sheer amount of misinformation out there on the web. I will tweet this article to my 2000 odd followers and suggest that others that feel strongly about this issue to consider doing the same.

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    1. Mark Amey

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Edward John Fearn

      I was about to comment that it was strange to hear of a naturopath being interested in immunisation, then I remembered an old chiropractor I knew years ago. He thought that immunization was probably the most important public health initiative in history. Then again, he was old enough to remember polio.

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  7. Russell Hamilton

    Librarian

    While my brothers had their children vaccinated, my sister, an intelligent, educated person, didn't. She had read the stuff against vaccination, thought harm was possible, after all it odesn't seem a natural thing to do to a little baby, and decided she would just try in every natural way (diet, outdoor activities etc) to raise very healthy children.

    I think people with those views don't worry about adults being vaccinated, so perhaps the place to start is with adults. If all adults were vaccinated maybe, eventually, babies wouldn't need to be?

    That said, I'm surely not, and for the simple reason that I haven't got a clue whatever or whenever I have been vaccinated for. If we had universal medical records with this sort of info in them, and got a reminder to get a booster when you should have one, I almost certainly would just go along and have it done.

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  8. trueglobalnews

    logged in via Twitter

    > Fiona Stanley receives funding from ARC.

    Thank you for letting us know you are just a shill for vaccine companies. Many don't even disclose their funding or work place. Although I had to SPECIFICALLY look for the disclosure and is hard to find if you are not looking for it.

    Please make the disclosure in bold and at least 12px size, so that everyone can immediately and clearly see who you are funded by!!!

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    1. Phil Dolan

      Viticulturist

      In reply to trueglobalnews

      trueglobalnews, it is a great shame that prejudice can hold sway over rational thought.

      The logic of the anti vac brigade is the same as the logic of the proof of what causes lightning. I bent down to pick up a one dollar coin and a flash of lightning happened. So I know that bending down to pick money up causes lightning. I saw it.

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    2. Mark Amey

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to trueglobalnews

      The disclosure information is under her photo and title, at the top left hand corner of the web-page, where it always is for Conversation authors. Are you suggesting that certain authors should have different disclosure?

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    3. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to trueglobalnews

      Hilarious, I love it when idiots like trueglobalnews demand accountability and transparency while they fail to abide by their own dubious standards.

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  9. terry lockwood

    maths teacher

    I thought TC required real names? Did I miss something? Is trueglobalnews someones real name?

    Assuming everyone comes to a certain belief after following a line of logic is flawed. Many people rely on 'gut feelings' or 'intuition'. They also adopt the views of their heroes. Advertising organisations know this. That's why celebrities get big endorsement money.

    If we want to see higher immunisation rates, call up Warnie, Russell Crowe, a Kardashian (whatever that is) or some soapy starlet. Let logic take a back seat.

    On second thoughts, it seems that low immunisation rates are more centred on the 'Yuppy' demographic. May need to re-think the chosen endorsing heroes.

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    1. Mat Hardy

      Lecturer in Middle East Studies at Deakin University

      In reply to terry lockwood

      "I thought TC required real names? Did I miss something? Is trueglobalnews someones real name?"

      Well to be fair, I doubt that Riddley Walker, who has commented elsewhere in this thread, is a real name either. (But kudos to the Riddley here and a nod to a classic SF tale.)

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  10. Stephen S Holden

    Associate Professor, Marketing at Bond University

    The article is fine, the headline is misleading. Childhood vaccinations CAN be dangerous. Maybe rare, maybe the few, but they can have negative reactions. I agree that there is no evidence that autism is caused by the MMR vaccine, BUT meta-analyses / systematic reviews have suggested that it leads to negative reactions, some serious. As a consequence, Japan banned MMR in 1993 and still relies on the single vaccines rather than the combined version. There is also the problem that vaccines do not offer all the protection that people think. Meningicoccal vaccine was very popular for a while - but it only covered one (less common) variant of the disease. The public health position of the 'common good' needs to be balanced with the individual rights position - and in the end, the biggest victims of non-vaccination are the non-vaccinators themselves.

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    1. Tim Scanlon

      Debunker

      In reply to Stephen S Holden

      Rubbish, Stephen.

      We all suffer and are victims of the anti-vax crowd. Heard immunity is what vaccines are trying to create and maintain, and since no vaccine is 100% effective, those that don't vaccinate are increasing the risk of infection for everyone.

      As for negative reactions, yes they do occur, rarely. Serious negative reactions are even rarer still. But you have a look at the recent outbreaks of whooping cough in the US and here, they may have been based in low vaccination areas, but it affected everyone. Fever vs. Death is hardly a comparison.

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    2. Blair Donaldson

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Stephen S Holden

      With respect Stephen, I think you are a little guilty of nitpicking and stating the bleeding obvious. Almost without exception, those people genuinely interested in vaccinations are aware of their shortcomings but equally, they are aware of the dangers of not making use of vaccinations.

      When it comes to epidemics, I don't agree that individual rights supersede the common good. If people want the benefits of living in a “safe” community, they have to be prepared to abide by certain obligations…

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    3. Grant Jacobs

      Computational biologist (research scientist / consultant)

      In reply to Stephen S Holden

      I believe Japan has a history of reacting this way to vaccine concerns and also has comparatively high measles rates compared to much of the world.

      To add to Julie's example from the 70s:

      “In Japan, pertussis vaccination coverage fell from 80 percent in 1974 to 20 percent in 1979. An epidemic occurred in 1979, resulted in more than 13,000 cases and 41 deaths.”

      Source: 'What Would Happen If We Stopped Vaccinations?'
      http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop.htm

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  11. Dennis Alexander

    logged in via LinkedIn

    One way of settling the anti-vaccination debate, which is not about just the individual rights of anti-vaccs parents but those of everyone else as well, is to hold the unvaccinated and/or their parents financially responsible for every outbreak and every death: their choice is someone else's consequence. And it's a funny thing but I've never found anyone with the least clue about medical research and epidemiology who was in any way shape or form defensive of the anti-vaccs crowd: the defenders seem to me mostly to be from marketing, sales or business backgrounds but think that because they can read a Cochrane or two, they can sound off with authority about meta-analyses and suchlike as if they actually understood the science.

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  12. Matthew Loxton

    logged in via Twitter

    I had whooping cough as a child and remember it all too well.

    It was a bit more than distressing, it was in fact a terrifying experience that I will never forget, and lies somewhere between choking and repeatedly drowning in sheer attention-grabbing immediacy.

    I doubt that anyone who has had it or seen it will forget the whistling breath and barking cough, or consider foregoing the inoculation for their own children.

    I also had the dubious privilege of experiencing measles (nasty), mumps (painful), and rubella.
    Rubella was a mild disease to have, and got one off school and in quarantine in case it was transmitted to a pregnant woman, in which case the word "disaster" would become suddenly relevant.

    These are horrible diseases and often had long term effects that included deafness, blindness, and the longest term of all, death.
    Inviting them back is madness of the most profound kind.

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  13. Betty Nance

    logged in via LinkedIn

    TWO THINGS: I was a nurse in a rural pediatric clinic in Wyoming, USA for many years, and this issue regarding fear of consequences from vaccination was ever present. We recognized that we were working with generations of parents who had never seen these diseases or their consequences. We also realized that parents embraced the anti-vaccination movement with near religious fervor, convinced that they were protecting their children from "big brother" mandates. We did two things to help to educate…

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