Apparently, teachers and principals have no need to hear about research on international education policy and are too sensitive to deal with “controversial” ideas.
Last week, the University of Melbourne’s Graduate School of Education on behalf of the Victorian Department of Education, sent an email to education expert Professor Michael Apple informing him that he would no longer be required to give a professional workshop for principals and teachers.
There were two reasons reported for the cancellation. Publically, a department spokesperson said the professor’s expertise on international educational policy meant he “was not the most relevant speaker to address the workshop.”
But the internal email from the university to the professor revealed the department was more concerned the professor’s ideas on performance pay would be too controversial at a time of politically charged negotiations with the teachers union. The professor responded that he had more academic freedom in Serbia than in Melbourne.
But regardless of whether censorship or irrelevance is the real reason for cancellation, it should go without saying that education academics should have the freedom to share their current thinking. And educators should be exposed to the international policy ideas that could be implemented in Australia.
International thinking on policy
The Victorian department of education in their public statement seems to be suggesting that Australian educators do not need to know about international education policy.
This is despite the fact that governments all over the world are either influenced by or directly borrow education policies from each other. The Victorian and Federal governments, for example, concerned with increasing teacher quality, have proposed introducing performance pay.
Performance polices have been introduced in the United States, yet these initiatives have been generally unsuccessful at best and damaging to teachers and students at worse.
It seems clear, then, that educators need to be aware of international education policy in order to be informed of their professional context and assess the possible impacts of proposed reforms.
Australian educators should be part of an informed debate looking at why we are borrowing faulty policy models from the United States, instead of more robust policy ideas from other countries like Finland. International education policy then, despite what the department says, is clearly relevant to Australian teachers and principals.
The politics of policy and research
If the talk was in fact cancelled because Professor’s Apple’s ideas were too controversial, it is a very dangerous sign. As Apple himself noted, in an email sent to colleagues around the world, following the cancellation of his talk:
“That a set of government officials, especially in education, would seek to limit the kinds of discussions around some of the most important policies in education not only in Victoria but in the world, is a very worrisome position to take.”
Educational research is often co-opted by educational politics and policy – it can move between ‘evidence-based policy making’ and ‘policy-led evidence making’. At times, research is transmitted through policy networks created between education administrators and governments of all levels. Former head of the New York School Board Joel Klein was very influential, for example, for the current PM, then education minister, Julia Gillard.
Educators do not often have access to these policy networks, but they do need to be aware when borrowed policies are either recanted or as was the case with Mr Klein, the expertise of the policy architects is called into question.
These global policy links are tangible and to decide that they are irrelevant to Australian teachers is at best, treating them with disdain, and at worst as those who are incapable of critical judgement.
Teachers need to be ‘policy-literate’
Increasingly, and globally, education policy is playing a role in steering teachers’ work at a distance. Policies on teacher standards, behaviour, homework, and testing are diminishing the capacity of teachers to exercise professional judgement.
If there is anything constructive to be taken out of the apparent censorship of Professor Apple, it could be that departments of education, and universities who provide teacher education, respect and build educators’ capacity to become more policy-literate.
Teachers do not just implement policy, but can be given the information to interpret, mediate, and at times, reject policies. And, it should be clear, that part of becoming policy-literate involves exposing teachers to controversial international scholars and ideas.
After all, education policy is not about concern for a current government’s latest polling, but about the consequences for the educational futures of our students.
This piece was co-authored by Andrew Gibson and Kalervo Gulson.
Andrew is a Victorian secondary school teacher and Kalervo is a senior lecturer in education policy and politics, at the University of New South Wales.
Dennis Alexander
logged in via LinkedIn
Thanks Kalervo. Pretty dumb move actually by the government. Specifically, the idea of teachers pay and performance pay has been studied by the OECD. A free PDF brochure summarising the research is at http://www.oecd.org/pisa/50328990.pdf "In countries with comparatively low teachers’ salaries (less than 15% above GDP per capita), student performance tends to be better when performance-based pay systems are in place, while in countries where teachers are relatively well-paid (more than 15% above GDP per capita), the opposite is true." So, if a State wants to have performance pay work in Australia, then they want teacher salaries less than 15% above per capita GDP (in Australia around $47K in 2011). On that basis, graduate teachers alone (in Victoria) would be looking at a pay cut of at least $10K p.a., or the State government does not care whether performance pay is effective for student learning or not. Simple really, and all publicly available.
Jack Arnold
Director
Thanks Kalervo & Dennis. After too many years in academia I would suggest that if you pay peanuts you get monkeys.
Australian teachers are paid significantly under their true world value to teach in 19th century factory conditions in buildings that are often neglected by school authorities, state or private.
In the mid 70s business discovered this huge pool of well educated, well trained workers capable of critical independent thinking being paid a pittance by corporate standards, and so did…
Read moreLinus Bowden
management consultant
I'm afraid I am with the Department of Education on this one. If there is one point of agreement over the past 20 years of educational decline, that is what a disaster university Education faculties are. It's bad enough that school teachers can't avoid the muddle-headed Education academics while they are undergrads, no need to put teachers through all vapid nonsense again. One of the advantages private schools have is that they can hire teachers who have never had to waste time in the Education faculty.
Nicholas Browne
Teacher
I'm unsure if it is the same in all states, but in those where I have experience - Victoria and WA - all teachers in independent schools (sometimes excepting religion and music) have to be registered with the relevant authority, which requires completion of a teacher education course. In a decade of reviewing applications for teaching positions (above subjects excepted), I can't recall a single one with no teaching qualification
Dennis Alexander
logged in via LinkedIn
Sorry to be impertinent Linus, but agreement between whom and on what research or evidence base - anecdotes not accepted?
Sheri Mills
Secondary School Home Economics Coordinator
Linus, I'm not sure what you are talking about- all teachers need university teaching qualifications, whether it is a B.Ed. like myself, or a degree with a post graduate teaching qualification. Whatever it is, a teacher cannot gain registration to teach unless they have spent time in a university education faculty. I do work in the private (Catholic) sector and I can assure you that all my teaching colleagues have such formal qualifications- and rightly so. There is much more to the art of teaching than 'knowing stuff'.
That being said, some lecturers need to get out of the university and back into a real classroom (and I'm not talking about visits to student teachers) on a more regular basis. You have to wonder how in touch with real life schools some lecturers are when they haven't actually done any real teaching for years.
Robert Parkes
Senior Lecturer in Curriculum Studies
I always love the shot at Education faculties and the question of 'experience'. How much experience is enough? 5 years? 10 years? 20? What about if it was 10 years experience 20 years ago? or should it have been last week? What if you had 20 years experience in the same school? Or should it be multiple schools? Surely in the 21st Century, after recycling this cliche for decades, we can think a little bit harder about what it is that we aren't happy about. Surely it isn't experience that is the primary issue, but the ability of the academic to connect 'theory' in a meaningful way to 'practice'. Students have professional experience opportunities - which are a key part of their teacher education degree - in which to engage with the profession. In my experience as a teacher educator, there are good and bad prac supervisors, just like their are sharp and muddleheaded academics. Let's cut the generalisations. All generalisations are false!
Michael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
Well said, Robert! I would like to add to your remarks as well as Kalervo's and Andrew's, my concern about the overall state of Education Studies in terms of the intense emphasis on instructional design and improving the technical aspects of the discipline, in the main to the detriment of forming inchoate preservice educators' consciousness about crucial aspects of their knowledge-base as drawn from an exploration of the social, political and critical. Education Policy Studies is hardly offered as a component of the overall discipline in Australia anymore, sometimes even at postgraduate level, so it shouldn't surprise that the level of policy literacy demonstrated by governments, regardless of their ideology, should be so abysmally low.
Michael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
Linus, to start with your premises isn't necessarily to end with your conclusions; so to raise your concerns is important but your deductions are a bit of a worry. Like Sheri, my experience is with the Catholic systems (NOT private, by the way, Sheri, if you know your Catholic educational philosophy, and only non-government-sector-located in this country and the US, while fully publicly-funded, fee-free and public-sector located throughout the OECD....a generalisation here perhaps?).
One of Apple…
Read moreJack Arnold
Director
Hi Sheri; I agree. The private sector at onew time wqould employ anybody as a teacher because they were paying only 40% of the NSW award salary. Then in the mid 1970s, ALL teachers in both state & private schools were required to have a Dip Ed. Even so, some NSW private schools still only paid 40% of the award salarybecause they claimed that they were working to the Queensland award of the time. This was an erroneous argument that the Independent Teachers Association never tested.
In the late 1980s I suggested to some head Office SES stadff that all SES staff should teach one week a year in a school near their homes, just like Bob Ansett worked the front desk at a major metro airport for his car hire company. My idea was rebuffed as "silly ... that was why we sought promotion, top get away from kids & schools".
Jack Arnold
Director
Sheri, don't worry too much about Michael being pedantic with his definitions; ALL non-state schools are private schools, just as a rose is still a rose by any other name. *wink*
NSW schools are so boring because in my too long experience the system encourages top down followership that in turn discourages individual flair common to your charismatic teachers.
Moreover, if you pay peanuts these charismatic individuals are more likely to take up a better paying professsion or trade where their abilities are better rewarded & appreciated while the working conditions are most likely to be less arduous.
Michael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
A wink or an uncontrollable reactionary twitch? It makes no difference to Jack, Sheri, who trolls these columns, wherever I insert a post, to counter with a comment either denigrating of Catholic schools, in which you teach, or conversely committed to upholding the principles of public education. As it happens, so do I, if he has the literacy to understand me, despite my alleged pedantry.
Moreover, even though he takes a contrary view to most in this blog, he should know, before he spouts off…
Read moreJack Arnold
Director
Now Michael ... it is very unreasonable to put me in the Baillieu tory camp that believes their offspring need to have their future success paid for by their parents.
A rose by any other name is still a rose, and your PhD thesis title pre-determines your position on this topic.
Coles does not subsidise Woolies, so why should the state subsidise their major competitors?? Surely that is against economic theory.
Michael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
No, no, dear Jack; its Economics 101, pure and simple! The post-welfarist state (think New Times, for Gorsakes, and maybe read some Stephen Ball - a good friend of Michael Apple's, by the way, - on this) doesn't regard state schools as its own protected and cosseted public property, though would that it did; so you'd have to wind the clock back to before Hawke-Dawkins to correct your assumption that state schools are still the social policy site that the founding fathers (and mothers) intended them…
Read moreMichael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
Apologies, Jack; I meant 'Gianni Arnulfo', whch sounds suitably Pucciniesque. We could even commission an opera out of this, involving Julia, Tony, Helen, Pell, Jensen, Gough, Karmel, Gonski, Kemp, Latham, Howard, (Susan) Ryan, Angelo Gavrielatos, Peter Garrett, you and me, with sets from The Spotted Cow and Giant NZ Mussels slowly slithering their way across the stage (a poststatist, postmodern Foucauldian touch in which nothing is constant and everything contextual). Michael Apple could write the…
Read moreJack Arnold
Director
You have a wicjked sense of humour Michael. However, selling off the Roman school system to pay for the clerical abuse of students over the last 1,000 years has a pleasant ring about it.
Michael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
Thanks for the backhand compliment, Giacomo, but flattery will get you nowhere. To get to the point: have you swotted up on your Michael Apple and Stephen Ball yet? Granted that abuse has been rampant and far too much of it disgracefully swept under the carpet (including most recently at St John's College at The University of Sydney, though George has come out well on this one, in case you hadn't caught up with the news), who would have the money to buy the Catholic school systems out, given that…
Read moreJack Arnold
Director
It is not a matter of who will buy the property, but rather a case of bring on the litigation that will generate the legal costs & compensation for numerous victime of priestly pederasty that will require the Roman church to divest itself of all real property & hence free Australian schools from the Mannix inspired madness that has become the Roman education system duplicating the state enterprise for no/little true benefit of the people.
This would alow these state funds to be re-directed to paying public school staff their true value, repairs & renovations to delapidated school premises & upgrades to the current facilities found in private schools but funded by the state.
An intermediary strategy would be to withold state funding to any diocese system or school that has any unresolved pederasty matters until the victims are satisfied.
Michael, you will note that I have carefully avoided any theological discussion.
Michael Leonard Furtado
Doctor at University of Queensland
Like you, Jack, I believe the clericalist culture to be a contributing cause of abuse and its cover up. A culture is a way of relating within a group, and it survives not only because of authoritarian and loveless behaviour among clergy, but also because of obsequious attitudes, silence or avoidance among Catholic laity. You would hardly count me among that number. That is also not to say that Catholics alone are responsible for clerical abuse. But it does support my view that, when looking from…
Read moreMichael Gioiello
High school music teacher/ freelance Opera singer
I am afraid that government, particularly the Liberals do not really operate for the good of the whole population. There are far too many "political donations" from corporations and vested interests who are willing to pay massive amounts of money in order to influence policy making. And the even sadder thing is that they seem to get their way, without being detected by the media. More to the point, Murdoch is one of them, so they all work together.
Murray Webster
Forestry-Ecology Consultant/Contractor
I can't see that Labor and the Union movement are any better, or less self-serving.
Robert Parkes
Senior Lecturer in Curriculum Studies
Great piece Kalervo and Andrew. I just chuckle that Michael Apple is considered "controversial". He has been providing the same sharp and incisive critique of conservative education policy for decades; and it is pretty straight forward and clear as anyone who read his work knows. When does an idea stop being radical or "controversial"?