Should Lance Armstrong lose his seven Tour de France titles for doping, as is being proposed by the US Anti-doping Agency (USADA)?
It’s an issue that puts the UCI – the international cycling union – and Tour de France organisers in a very awkward position. To move the issue from being a “witch hunt” of Lance Armstrong to being about protecting the integrity of sport from doping, they need to go through every team that raced to find the first clean winner.
If estimates made by Tyler Hamilton – a former teammate of Armstrong and confessed doper – are accurate, 75-80% of the peloton was doping through the period in question (1999-2005). And given the Tour de France field is normally more than 180-strong, it might be the first legitimate winner came in 87th!
If that many cyclists were doping, it could be argued that Le Tour, across the Armstrong era – 1999 to 2005 – was, to some extent, being raced on a level playing field.
It seems that many cyclists in that era were getting some kind of performance edge from a cocktail of drugs, including human growth hormone, cortisone and, of course, EPO. It is naive to think that Armstrong’s US Postal team was the only team with this kind of set-up.
On this basis, even if Armstrong was doped to the eyeballs, he was still first among equals and therefore won those titles on the same basis as any “clean” competition.
The impacts of the Lance Bomb are further-reaching than just Le Tour. The case raises questions about whether anti-doping can ever work. The prohibition approach to doping has been criticised from day one as being doomed to failure. It seems the Lance Bomb shows no matter how much money is poured into anti-doping, athletes can and do get away with doping during competition – even if they are caught retrospectively.
It’s time to think of alternative ways of handling drugs in sport.
Try something new
As it currently stands, the way we manage drugs in sport is all about protecting the integrity of sport rather than the integrity of, say, athletes or kids. There has been much talk about taking away the current model under which some drugs are allowed and some are banned, and setting up a system that sees drugs used safely rather than misused or abused.
Is it more important to stop a bunch of elite athletes from medically-supervised EPO use or stopping a bunch of teens risking caffeine toxicity from chugging a couple of energy drinks before they play footy?
We need to move on from saying “drugs are bad” and start looking at new ways of dealing with drugs in sport. Criminalising illicit drugs in wider society has failed – criminalising doping is likely to end the same way.
So what are the alternatives?
The first point to consider is whether the athletes really are the centre of all doping. US Postal needed a big team of support personnel to do this; indeed any doping enterprise does. Former World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) president Dick Pound spoke to the UCI president (1991-2005) Hein Verbruggen about the ticking Lance Bomb, advising: “You guys have a huge problem in your sport”.
Perhaps sport, at least as it is constructed by the IOC, should come clean and talk about how sport promotes doping.
Completing Le Tour is an almost inhuman feat. It’s three weeks of the toughest bike racing on Earth, including stages that feature some of the toughest mountain climbs in Europe.
Brandy and strychnine were used to help cyclists survive early Tours (in the first few decades of the 1900s) – Tours which were often longer and more strenuous even than the ones today.
And perhaps the Lance Bomb is just a pharmaceutically-refined scientific solution to cyclists being asked to accomplish the inhuman. Perhaps we face a choice between drug-free cycling and Le Tour.
Making coaching contracts contingent upon how well athletes are treated, as well as their performance outcomes, might go a long way to stopping coaches pushing athletes and the support teams to dope. Equally, changing contracts so sponsors are less interested in outcomes might help reduce incentives to dope. The fact such suggestions seem implausible only points to the fundamentals of the problem.
Verbruggen’s resistance to act on the Lance Bomb, according to Dick Pound, was to meet spectator (and presumably sponsor) expectations about a Tour raced at 40kph.
Until we make sport-as-business part of the discussion (in addition to sport-as-social-capital or sport-as-health) the way we manage drugs in sport is unlikely to change.
Finally, we could stop calling doping “cheating” – just as we stopped calling the Fobsbury Flop – a technique in high jump that’s now used by competitors worldwide – “cheating”.
The uncomfortable conclusion for those who still want to fight the “war on drugs in sport” is to recognise the role of drugs in sport and be open about it.
Would Lance Armstrong have been such a bully if there was no need to hide what his team was doing? Would we have seen more promising young cyclists live instead of having EPO-induced heart attacks?
One way forward would be to use the Athlete Biological Passport to monitor athletes' health – rather than to “catch drug cheats”. The “passport” – which involves monitoring an athlete’s biological variables over time – was introduced by WADA in 2009, and implemented in Australia in July of this year.
The passport creates incentives for athletes to reveal what they are taking and provides officials with a method for detection. Any unknown or banned substances see the athlete disqualified.
This approach engages big pharmaceutical companies and encourages them to put performance-enhancing drugs through Phase I-IV trials to get TGA or FDA approval.
This prioritises health and encourages the development of sets of drugs and tests. And who knows, big pharma might just develop a drug that helps endurance athletes regulate their body temperature that also helps treat premature babies unable to control their own body temperature.
The Lance Armstrong affair is not a failure of anti-doping: it’s a wake-up call that says we need to think much harder about our approach to doping and anti-doping. If we want to keep following prohibition we need to find new ways to make it work as the current system is clearly falling short of the mark.
If we want to do something else, let’s look at the alternatives out there, whether that’s about athlete health and welfare, sport-as-business, or something else.



Paul Richards
strategic foresight
This article was needed and appreciated, thanks Jason.
Two things are clear.
Firstly, the UCI has faced an enormous issue in doping, because trying to fine or penalise cycling professionals worth millions of dollars of sponsorship, was like endeavouring to penalise F1 drivers for speeding.
Secondly, the most tragic is the Australian connection over the last 20 years, no mater if Lance admits he used, his wins are all tainted because his team mates have. We have the same dilema with Cadel Evans, did Cadel have users in his support group? I am certain Cadel did not.
Then I believed Lance Armstrong was a victim of the same lobbing group used to promote big tobacco oil. What the hell do I know?
Joe Gartner
Tilter
Big tobacco oil? Is that oil from the tobacco plant or a combined oil/tobacco conspiracy? If its the latter then you forgot to add JFK to it.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Joe Gartner said " .... Is that oil from the tobacco plant or a combined oil/tobacco conspiracy?"
Yes, while you are riding around in the delusion of being Don Quixote, the Livestrong organization has been opposing the tobacco. The same group that represent those fools who believe climate is not changing, tobacco doses not kill / cause disease and the Carbon Economy is the worlds saviour. The lawyers chasing Armstrong are those routinely used by tobacco lobby.
The primary 'commercial' winner of this issue is the tobacco lobby the Livestrong group has opposed in Washington since its inception.
Conspiracy, hardly this is now set in stone.
http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/armstrong-lawyer-attacks-pending-usada-report
Strongly suggest you do your homework before gleefully attacking in this forum.
Joe Gartner
Tilter
Yes, I see... You must, of course, believe everything Armstrongs lawyers have to say.
So because USADA and big Baccy use the same lawyers then its a conspiracy.... That sounds a little tenuous to me, i once used a lawyer that got a dope dealer off, i cant say that that makes me a marijuana grower.
Can you explain how big Oil fits into the picture, as part of this oil/tobacco conspiracy? Did they once too use a lawyer that now works for USADA?
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Joe Gartner said " Can you explain how big Oil fits into the picture, as part of this oil/tobacco conspiracy? "
Read moreYes the same group of think tank lobbyist have supported the attack on Armstrong over ten years, more to the point Livestrong and succeeded after all they were the only ones with the resources big enough and deep enough.The UCI has been a complete and utter failure at it, even with all its resources and determination.
Whether you like to 'believe' it or not right or wrong this has been…
Joe Gartner
Tilter
Your offences belong to you not me and any inference that I have implied that you 'support drug cheating' is entirely a product of your imagination.
So again where is this evidence of an Oil/Tobacco conspiracy of which you wrote?
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Joe Gartner again off tillting at windmills said "where is this evidence of an Oil/Tobacco conspiracy of which you wrote?"Are you politically naive?
Read moreArmstrong is part of the opposition to the Republican Party, who use the same conservative think tanks to support carbon energy, tobacco and climate deniers. In case you missed it America is a awash with anti party rhetoric, particularly the republican "War on Drugs" and fight for a "Drug-free America". Get with the program, this has a political bent…
Joe Gartner
Tilter
So, because Livestrong is anti cancer, tobacco/republican/oil is now against him allied with USADA to bring Lance down....
or maybe there was just lots of evidence and USADA was just doing their job.
http://www.criticalthinkeracademy.com/2011/critical-thinking-about-conspiracies-part-1/
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Joe Gartner said " ...maybe there was just lots of evidence and USADA was just doing their job."
Yeah sure, with drug cartels, political corruption allowing drug importation, the well documented criminal issues surrounding the whole drug scene and you believe on group is just doing its job.
Where was the focus on Arnie when he was a Republican groupie and Governor of California who clearly has been an illegal drug user all his career?
There is no conspiracy why this campaign was funded, its just good Republican political strategy, it is well documented and lectured on in Universities across the entire globe that America works this way.
Joe Gartner
Tilter
'Yeah sure, with drug cartels, political corruption allowing drug importation, the well documented criminal issues surrounding the whole drug scene and you believe on group is just doing its job.'
what cartels? what political corruption in relation to USADA and professional cycling? which well documented criminal issues in respect of the doping controversy in question? These are just wild statements to divert attention from your inability to answer the question about a tobacco/oil conspiracy…
Read morePaul Richards
strategic foresight
Joe Gartner / Semus / Sean said; "Where was the focus on Arnie when he was a Republican groupie and Governor of California who clearly has been an illegal drug user all his career?'"
Strawman argument.
Really, when it goes the the heart of the motive for the USADA witch hunt that in over the sixty year of well funded, consistent effort by the UCI they failed to bring to the surface. If you believe that you are naive.
But then again you think a crappy piece of plastic will help save a cyclist against 1500 kg of steal, glass rubber, plastic and explosive fuel. That really is naive.
Joe Gartner
Tilter
Semus?,What the?
Anyway,
'Really, when it goes the the heart of the motive for the USADA witch hunt that in over the sixty year of well funded, consistent effort by the UCI they failed to bring to the surface. If you believe that you are naive.'
i think you should read the reasons from the USADA before you make comment on the efficacy or otherwise of the UCI - which again is not relevant to your assertion that Big oil/baccy/republkicans have conspired against Armstrong.
'But then again you think a crappy piece of plastic will help save a cyclist against 1500 kg of steal, glass rubber, plastic and explosive fuel. That really is naive'
How is this relevant or pertinent? Tu qoque?
I presume that you have no evidence to support your assertions that big oil/baccy/republican party have conspired against Lance Armstrong?/
I think we can leave it at that.
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
If EPO etc is sanctioned under medical supervision then why not bikes with electric motors or, indeed, bikes with petrol motors?
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Andrew Smith said ; "If EPO etc is sanctioned under medical supervision .... " Clever point, but seriously, because there is already a circuit for those class of vehicles.
The UCI banned tricycles in the early 1930s, because they looked like dominating the Le Tours standard 'safety frame'.
The machine spec is one thing they do actually have total control of.
Humans ..... eh, first doping incident for the UCI was in the late 1950s, first EPO death on Le Tour was 1967.
Seriously, it has taken the US conservative politics "War on Drugs" as they are lossing it on the street, to focus on a soft target sport and the tallest poppy Lance or Livestrong.
Is it a coincidence this all comes out at a crucial time for US conservatives?
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Big on conspiracy theories as well? It figures.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
The Conversation - We acknowledge criticism of the articles we publish.
But for the sake of robust debate, we will distinguish between constructive, focused argument and smear tactics.
https://theconversation.edu.au/community_standards
Please step off this type of comment Roy. I have asked you nicely before.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Joe Gartner said " Semus?,What the? " Ok wrong call, I apologise : /
Joe Gartner said : "no evidence to support your assertions that big oil/baccy/republican party have conspired against Lance Armstrong?"
Joe if you read the caveat at the beginning of the thread, I said of the the issue " What the hell do I know?"
I will add "what do any of us know but what is spun in media? It is looking between the cracks for gems of reality that makes it interesting. In the end, simply assessing the value system / motivation of all parties really helps. That is why the article by Jason is a great insight.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
How is objecting to a smear tactic a smear tactic?
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Roy Niles said : " How is objecting to a smear tactic a smear tactic?"
"We acknowledge criticism of the articles we publish. But for the sake of robust debate, we will distinguish between constructive, focused argument ..... "
That is the amazing thing about humans and cognitive bias we are all capable of, we can leave convenient truth out. [ yes I know I you believe in you hear of hearts I have ]
So for the sake for the sake of robust debate, please step off this type of comment Roy, it can't be that hard. I have asked you nicely before, as has the moderator and another member.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
The moderator took down all of these odd comments from you earlier, and I expect he will have to do it again.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Roy Niles said " The moderator took down all of these odd comments from you earlier, and I expect he will have to do it again."
Yes and you need not have made that snide comment.
Because I requested moderator do something yesterday afternoon.
Roy Niles said " ... and I expect he will have to do it again."
Since everyone is on notice that you are going to keep at it. I hope he does.
I will never bother trying to reason with you again, I am sure you are well rewarded in life for your vitriol, my point has been made.
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
Yes, indeed, motorbke racing is a different sport from cycling and performance drug enhanced cycling is a different sport from cycling. If Lance Armstrong was in a competition for performance drug enhanced riders he would not have been cheating.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Andrew Smith : " If Lance Armstrong was in a competition for performance drug enhanced riders he would not have been cheating."
Read moreSome here like me say he was already in a a competition for performance drug enhanced riders. Because the UCI have decided not to do anything but 'use' tests and methodology provided by the very pharmaceutical groups who clandestinely supply the drugs.
Pretty half baked effort really. As the UCI know the corporations sink millions into sporting sponsorship, are…
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
You are confounding two issues. One (the use of the Armstrong case by right wing Republicans) and the other (the use of performance enhancing drugs in cycling). Whilst I disagree with the right wing Republicans and also regard "war on drugs" as a failed public policy response to drug use, I nonetheless do not agree that the sport of cycling should become the sport of performance drug enhanced cycling.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Andrew Smith said ; "You are confounding two issues." Look if it is confounding you just remember it is just my opinion.
But the fight with the Republicans started with Livestrong opposing the cigarette bill in California, the electronic trail of this conservative 'witchhunt' stops in 2005 when he changed camps politically and very publicly. Naturally you are entitled to your opinion, but why did the UCI not take this issue up?
Peter Andrew Smith said ; "I nonetheless do not agree that the sport of cycling should become the sport of performance drug enhanced cycling."
This I cannot agree with, by no stretch of the imagination can we say is not already a sport of performance drug enhanced cycling."
This is the problem.
"The elephant in the room" and everyone is in denial it is there.
I do wish like you, it had never gone down this path and empathise with your every comment.
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
Doping is cheating. The "elephant in the room", which is now much more visible, is that there are and have been lots of cheats in professional cycling. But, however big the elephant is in cycling, doping is cheating.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Andrew Smith said " Doping is cheating. " Yes but it is not a crime.
'If' the 'umpire' the UCI changes the 'rules' it will make the current clandestine activity of the pharmaceuticals supplying the drugs lawful in their communities which is now 'criminal' and mean pro cyclists will not 'cheat' with drugs.
The 'Gorilla in the Room' pardon the second use of the parable, is the illegal criminal supply of drugs to these athletes while providing the test methodology and equipment.
Seriously this is industrialised supply is actual criminal activity, unlawful and not just 'cheating'.
Why is there no righteous indignation and 'witch hunt' of these corporate entities in America by the USDA in its "War on Drugs" supported by conservatives in an election year?
If you can not join the dots well .......
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
Yes, of course, if the supply of performance enhancing drugs is made legal and there is a rule change that allows their use by cyclists then by definition there is no crime and no cheating when cyclists use performance enhancing drugs. Where we are in disagreement is that I support performance enhancing drug free cycling and you appear to support cycling with performance enhancing drugs.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Andrew Smith said " ..... you appear to support cycling with performance enhancing drugs"
Read moreWell that may well be your opinion. But let me make it crystal clear, I do not want now or fifteen years ago when I realised they were here to stay, ever want drugs in any sport.
I have gone through the Kübler-Ross model of stages of grief on this issue, that was my journey.
Your personal judgement is your perspective and does not take into account my value system. I feel it is entirely appropriate…
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
I agree with you that the way in which professional sport
is organised and the way in which it is used to generate
profit is actively hidden when a particular cyclist is
presented as the culprit. However, I think that sanctioning
doping will further support the use of sport as an
entertainment business with the sole function of
maximising the generation of profit.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Andrew Smith said " further support the use of sport as an entertainment business with the sole function of maximising the generation of profit."
Yes, I hear you and empathise, as I said I was once where you are a 'grok' your line of argument and believe it is totally appropriate for you 'value system'.
However, my thinking on the Americas "War on Drugs" the conservatives in this country support, has changed. Personally, I would be happy if they de criminalised the range of 'street' drugs and medically supervised the lot.
Since this is my stance on the wider issue, it would be hypocritical not to apply it to sport.
Even though I would prefer life on our streets and in our sports was free of all drugs. It literally is too late.
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
For me decriminalisation is a critical part of a harm
minimization strategy. It is not a drug promotion
strategy. Sanctioning the use of performance
enhancing drugs by elite athletes would, I think,
have the unintended consequence of promoting drug
use. Sadly, at least some pharmecutical companies,
may well be only to willing to seize and develop this
new, and potentially highly profitable, product line.
Indeed it would not be at all surprising to see them
using elite athletes to endorse the new product lines
of performance enhancing drugs.
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Advocates of allowing PEDs in sport often do so with the caveat "under medical supervision", which presumably means they are prescription items. This is preferable than having athletes use PEDs without "official" medical advice and monitoring. There would, I believe, still be a "black market" for drugs beyond the level prescribed, and, moreover, for drugs that doctors are simply unwilling to prescribe (owing to them being an unnecessary risk to patient health). For athletes desperate for an "edge…
Read morePaul Richards
strategic foresight
Thanks Daryl, I simply could not have explained it better to Peter A Smith.
Peter Andrew Smith
Retired
I think we are agreed. (1) The current system is deeply flawed. (2) The pragmatic case for supervised PED use is ruled out because of its' unintended highly negative outcomes.
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Yes, I think that both of these models is deeply flawed. I haven't given much thought to another article in the Conversation that argues for two "streams" of competition - one drug free and the other with open drug use - but I'd be surprised if this was a "solution" to the problems I raised in my previous comment. My guess is that any model will have its flaws, some more deeply than others, but it is at least worthwhile debating alternative scenarios. Only through logical and rationality will there be the possibility of improvements to what we currently have.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Daryl Adair said "... logical and rationality will there be the possibility of improvements to what we currently have. Could not agree more.
The egg is broken, lets do our best and make an omelette.
Who knows what may eventuate, there may be something invented giving to total an utter transparency, stranger things have happened.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Rationalizing cheating as a requisite is a form of cheating.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Roy Niles said "Rationalizing cheating as a requisite is a form of cheating." What utter BS.
Cheating is acting dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage. Jason has not gained advantage in professional cycling by explaining the context of the business of international cycling to novices.
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Jason gained an advantage in writing an article that denied the obvious fact that cheating was a common practice which Lance and his group excelled at.
(No point in returning your insult, since the rest of us can actually respond with reasons.)
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Roy Niles said " No point in returning your insult, since the rest of us can actually respond with reasons." No you are right, I agree, with you.
Read moreMy point was made about your indignation of Jason Mazanov's explanation of professional cycling for novices. Just as was mine was made about the improper context in the use of 'rationalising' and 'cheating' in the same sentence, implying what could not be logically said.
It was just a poor attempt at 'weasel words'used commonly in print media to grab…
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Well, apparently your imagination has no stretch, which of course is not your fault any more than your inability to avoid insult as a substitute for reason is. Next thing I suppose you'll do is come right out and say that cheating is not cheating if we all do it, even though we've all been hiding it and lying about it. I suspect that kind of reasoning could also be cheating, but only if you had the ability to know better.
Now if the argument was that cheating is not necessarily bad or unjustified in certain circumstances, I might buy it. You of course aren't physically able to make that argument, but the author of this article should have been.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Roy Niles said : " ...cheating is not cheating if we all do it ..." Now projecting your value system onto mine is a step to far. Its ok for bully the writer of this article, but not ok for me to defend him.
All I called you out on is calling Jason Mazanov a "cheat" because he has written about the context professional cyclist have to deal with on the world circuit. Then when you pushed it, so I pointed out the use of 'correct english' to verify your premise.
Given the UCI have been aware of drug cheating on the professional circuit since the late 1950s and it has been widely published year after year for over sixty years. You and I are hardly able to point fingers if we have been spectators of cycling. How hypocritical is that?
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Defend the article away, if the best you can wield is an insult. Although you do have a somewhat inadequate talent for cheating as well - falsely reconstructing the argument to cover your earlier mistakes. So while I've called no-one a cheat up to now, since you've now cheated several times here, I'll be happy to call you one.
By the way, I think professional cycling is a silly sport, and of course it's never been a secret that doping was endemic to it. And what you don't seem to know or understand is that cheating, done openly or otherwise, is still cheating if it's "catch me if you can."
(Although since you're so easy to catch at it, you might want to stick to insulting alone.)
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Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Dear Paul and Roy,
for those of us who want to debate the Lance Armstrong/drugs in sport issue, your personal exchanges have become tedious and unbecoming. This is a forum for intellectual exchange with robust opinions, not insults. There is a capacity to report your conduct to the editors of the Conversation, though I prefer to convey my concern directly to you rather than resort to a punitive response. However, if I see any further activity of the like displayed over the past two days I will make an official complaint.
You are both more than capable of contributing constructively to the discussion; indeed I notice some interesting comments this morning by Paul. More of this please, and no more personal attacks between the two of you. Thanks for your attention.
Sincerely, Daryl Adair
Comment removed by moderator.
Matt de Neef
Editor at The Conversation
Thanks for this Daryl, you echo my thoughts exactly. I've deleted most of the thread because it contributes nothing to an otherwise valuable discussion.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Thank, Daryl and the moderator, I was getting weary of hitting the button : )
Roy Niles
logged in via Facebook
Good advice. Thanks.
Matt de Neef
Editor at The Conversation
Hi Roy & Paul,
I've deleted the rest of the comments in this thread. As a number of people have already commented (via email and on this article) your exchange has descended into personal abuse which contributes little (if anything) to the discussion. As Daryl mentioned, you are both capable of constructive discussion - if you'd like to continue insulting one another please do so elsewhere.
Regards,
Matt
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Matt de Neef said ; " I've deleted the rest of the comments in this thread. " Thank you.
In fairness to Roy, I think he is new to The Conversation or made limited comment and I wish him well.
Donncha Redmond
Software Developer
It wasn't a level playing field.
First of all, Hamilton's book makes clear that the lower your haematocrit the bigger the gain you'd get from EPO, so it effectively rewards the less genetically gifted and therefore completely subverts the natural order.
Second, it's now clear that Lance had the backing of the UCI, which is probably why all his podium companions got done long ago yet he's only being toppled now.
As for what to do in future, I think the bio-passport is doing a great job. Most…
Read moreMal Adapted
Primate
There's an important error made in this article and that is that cycle racing was a level playing field because all riders were doping. The truth is that not all riders were doping and also that different substances were being used in different amounts and at different times by different teams.
Read moreFor example, some of the success of USPS can be attributed to their innovative doping methodology ( micro dosing) and that they had a sophisticated and surriptious system to deliver red cells to their top…
Edward Sainsbery
Private citizen
Agreed, it becomes more about the ability of the rider's team doctors to come up with the most effective doping techniques above all else.
This is not to deny that teams already spend millions on improvements that the rider has no control over, however, it is easier to regulate the weight of a bike etc. Where doping is different is that it allows for a team (and a rider) with sufficient expertise, financial backing and connections in the right places (think US Postal Service / Lance and donating to the UCI) to become overly dominant, decrease the potential for competition to a couple of teams (and their GC riders), and virtually disqualify the rest of the peleton (which does not have the same advantage) from any chance at victory.
Lachlan Mitchell
logged in via Twitter
On the topic of legalising drugs in sport Kim Crow had a great article a couple of months ago in the Sydney morning herald:
http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/allow-drugs-in-sport-i-nearly-choked-on-my-lowfat-weeties-20120701-21aw8.html
I agree that the current system of policing doping isn't perfect and there is always room for improvement, but I think the legalisation of all drugs in sport so fundamentally changes the nature of the contest that it would lose a lot of its purity and appeal.
Kate Smart
Teacher
This article completely misses the point of elite sport and how we as a community interact with sport. Just log in to any forum discussing this affair and you will see the anger, anguish and frustration of people who have been let down by their 'heroes'. The reality is, that while many in that era were drug cheats there were many who made a choice to race clean. By allowing drug cheats in sport you are dismissing the hard work and dedication of those who have done the right thing by themselves and their fans.
Let's hope no one seriously suggests implementing a system where drug cheats are allowed to compete. I hope we never accept this sort of behaviour and I think there are many blogging and commenting to this same effect.
Mal Adapted
Primate
Kate,
I agree, and what also sticks in my craw is that every time I took out an amateur racing licence in Australia as a c grade racer some of this money went to support a corrupt system. Even at the grassroots cyclists have unwittingly contributed to this system.
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Kate:
Thank you for your thoughts.
There is a lot of work on just how much goes into deceiving the public about what athletes have to do to create sporting spectacles. There is a body of work about how spectators like to be deceived about sports production - and I was certainly much happier not knowing. Sport has lost some of lustre for me because of my insight into sports production.
If we followed your approach of "clean" sport, you are talking about things like authentic performance…
Read moreMal Adapted
Primate
Even if you don't see an ethical distinction between other scientific advances, such as diet and exercise testing, and doping thei there are tangible physiological differences.
Read moreFor example, one could say that exercising at altitude is little different than EPO doping because it stimulates release of endogenous EPO from the athlete's kidney. The difference is that endogenous EPO is limited by a negative feedback system and the haematocrit cannot ever rise beyond a certain point. EPO doping is substantially…
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Mal:
You raise some good points here. Misuse or abuse of anything leads to deleterious outcomes - even iron supplements.
This issue is entirely ethical - assuming that ethics is the study of "rightness". Anti-doping represents one view of "rightness" in this context and it has a range of implications and connotations. For example, would any of the athletes feel bad about taking these drugs if it was considered acceptable? This view of anti-doping has also created a massive black market…
Read moreClifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
Kate, you have hit the nail right on the head with this comment of yours and I thank you for it.
One of the great things in life is to see very talented and skillful sportsmen and women, and when you have played that sport yourself to the very best of your ability, you can only marvel at the level and standard at which some people can perform it, given that physically they look little different to you or anyone else.
Once cheating comes into the equation, which drug taking is, it's almost like a dream is destroyed.
Like every time I think of Maradona's senstational individual goal he scored against England, the juxtapositioning of the cheating little sxxx'x first goal, what he ironincally called the 'hand of god', changes my admiration of his natural skills and talent into pity for this excuse of a human being.
Mark Chambers
logged in via Facebook
Sport has rules. You're not allowed to pick up the ball and run with it while you're playing soccer, you're not allowed to run in a walking race and you're not allowed to dope in cycling. Doing any of these things is breaking the rules. Breaking the rules is called cheating.
If the rules are changed so that your can pick up the ball and run with it, you're not playing soccer any more, you're playing rugby. If you run, you're not walking, you're running. Maybe the rules for doping in cycling need to change (thereby fundamentally changing the intention of the sport from determining who is the best cyclist to who has the best pharmacist) but until they do, doping is cheating.
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Mark:
This is a good point.
One of my points is that doping is only cheating because we label it as such. We can change the rules any time we like without fundamentally changing the nature of sport. Indeed, sports constantly tinker with their rules to make it more exciting. Just look at what happens in the NRL every year, with coaches, players and referees trying to keep up with changes to the rules. The NFL is infamous for its slab-like rule book.
Let's be very clear: some drugs are allowed, caffeine being a good example. It was banned, now it's allowed. It was "cheating", now it's not. WADA is considering adding tobacco (nicotine) to the prohibited list. Does this make all smokers "drug cheats"? What implications does this have for non-elite sport?
Best wishes,
Jason
Mal Adapted
Primate
Caffeine in performance enhancing quantities is disallowed. Caffeine is allowed because it is a oscially sanctioned drug.
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Dear Mal,
can you point me to where caffeine 'In performance enhancing quantities is disallowed"? I understood that it is no longer on the WADA list and so not tested for. If I am mistaken, please enlighten me.
Thanks, Daryl
Mal Adapted
Primate
daryl,
You're right it was removed from sanction in 2004 and is now on their Monitoring Program: see the excerpt from the WADA website below:
Since 2004, caffeine has been included in WADA's Monitoring
Read moreProgram. This program includes substances which are not
prohibited in sport, but which WADA monitors in order to detect
patterns of misuse in sport.
• Arguments that led WADA's stakeholders to take caffeine off the
List in 2004 included research indicating that caffeine is
performance-decreasing…
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Thanks Mal,
this is rather curious. WADA is monitoring caffeine use for signs of "excessive abuse", yet they cite "research indicating that caffeine is performance-decreasing above the 12 microgram/ml threshold that was historically used in sport." So what are they monitoring FOR precisely? Use of caffeine below 12 microgram/ml? Would this lower dose be construed as performance enhancing and thus excessive? Because, from the research that WADA has cited it is counterproductive to use caffeine beyond a threshold.
My guess is that caffeine has been put in the "too hard basket" by WADA. There seems little doubt, at least from anecdotal sources in professional sport, that caffeine (often taken in table form) is a "useful" stimulant.
Jason, I think I'll have to follow this up by writing an article on the subject for your journal Performance Enhancement and Health!
Cheers, Daryl
p.s. Thanks for your advice, Mal.
Mal Adapted
Primate
No worries,
Yes it is curious, I presume that it is a case of being too hard to control, or else their contention from the excerpt above is true.
I presume the fact that it is a social drug has a lot to do with it and also that the performance advantages are quite different to EPO or blood doping, as are the associated risks.
i see the author's point that this also comes down to a matter of viewpoint, what objectively is the difference between caffeine and EPO? I guess caffeine is a foodstuff (or contained therein) whereas EPO is perceived as a medicalised drug (as indeed it is) - even though it is a synthetic form of an endogenous hormone.
Mal Adapted
Primate
This is from 2008...
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/08/01/2321478.htm
perhaps after this latest doping controversy has abated caffeine may go back onto the agenda.
Mal Adapted
Primate
Yeah I htink there is an element of the arbitrary that rankles with some people, like 'why can't i use a Human Powered vehicle or have a 5 kilogram bike or use a fairing' the same argument can be applied to doping I suppose.
There are rules that are by nature arbitrary... doesn't make them right, but also doesn't make them wrong. It is only the application of the athlete to them that makes them so, because that's where an unfair advantage comes in.
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Cheers Mal, very kind of you to pass this on. I've had a quick peek via Google Scholar and found that there is much more literature on this subject than I had imagined. I'm not a sport scientist, so this is new to me. The following article appears to be instructive: Goldstein et al (2010). International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 7(1), 1-15. The abstract reads thus:
Position Statement: The position of The Society regarding caffeine…
Read moreClifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
One of your points, eh?
If I were you, I'd be asking 'The Conversation' to allow us the option of deleting our posts.
Your sentence, and I'm spoilt for choice: 'We can change the rules any time we like without fundamentally changing the nature of the sport.', has the effect of drawing attention to the miserable little creature that inhabits this planet and makes out it is civilised. It's not the nature of the sport you should be focusing on but the nature of the being.....................
The trouble is you're right.
I'd recommend Blake's phenomenal poem 'The Tyger'.
John Harland
bicycle technician
Do lawn bowlers smoke to steady their nerves? Does this make tobacco "performance enhancing" in this context?
John Harland
bicycle technician
The 5kg limit and the ban on recumbent bikes were both done for safety, in my understanding.
Super-light bikes are more likely to break and recumbent bikes are a very difficult mix with conventional bikes even on a bicycle tour, let alone a in peleton.
And can we put to bed the idea that recumbents were so much faster? By 1937, just three years after Faure's record-breaking recumbent ride, all but one of his records had been beaten by people on normal bikes. Further, Faure was not a second-rate rider, as the legend has it. He toured Australia as a star of conventional track racing in 1937, not as a reumbent rider or an also-ran.
This is a little off-topic, but so are the incidental comments that misrepresent the issue of recumbents in racing. I disagree with many decisions of the UCI but reckon that they were spot-on with that ban.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
John Harland said " UCI but reckon that they were spot-on with that ban." it is a moot point because like the large grid system Edison monopolised we are committed to it. I know from the tricycle side they lasted well outside the ban with good quality competition and riders into the early sixties. Defying the UCIs concept of the safety frame uniformity. But then again I am biased, as I own a velomobile. http://goo.gl/sVI2E
John Harland
bicycle technician
That's fine. I even build recumbents occasionally. They have their place.
My argument is solely about mixing recumbents with conventional bikes in mixed-start racing. The same argument applies to racing pennyfarthings with conventional bikes. Each is exciting to watch but the mixtures are just plain dangerous.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
John Harland : " ... mixtures are just plain dangerous." Take your point, just wish the standardise frame was, a little more 'progressive'.
Now if they had standardised motor vehicle behaviour by applying our civil 'strict liability' laws on roads that would be something.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
John: 'Pop' goes another non researched 'understanding'. I had heard/read of the trial where no professional rider would ride the contraption and the designer himself, a non cyclist, rode it. and attained speed of over 100 Ks/mls? ph.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Hindrup said to John Harland " 'Pop' goes another non researched 'understanding'."
Yes, you may well say that, how ever the ability of the safety frame as an 'allrounder' was the logical choice.
It climbs better than most recumbents and was a reasonably stable design after 50 years, when the UCI mandated its use in the 1030s. http://goo.gl/5FNJf
John's best justification for the UCI mandated safety frame is uniformity, allowing relative safety in groups / racing peloton. On this, his line of argument for the a standardised 'safety' frame is near on impossible to refute. I own a recumbent and love the speed, but it is not an allrounder.
I enjoy your comments, keep them coming.
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
No, because the cancer stick is only a psychological masking agent - it doesn't really do that, the losers who smoke just think it does.
Omar Khalifa
logged in via LinkedIn
What bothers me more than the cheating is the bold-faced lying that follows ad nauseum.
Alex Hamilton confesses that it was not being caught for the cheating but the possibility of landing in jail due to perjuring himself that finally made him come to terms with his actions. Landis the same. Sponsors too invest in the lying for as long as possible. Can we make lying such a hinneous crime (lifetime bans and monetary penalties for instance) that cheating then becomes less attractive than any threat of more sophisticated testing?
Shouldn't facing up to wrongdoing be the basis of fair competition? It is on the field or circuit, why not off of it? Aren't these the real life values sport should be projecting to younger people?
People may always cheat but they need to think thrice before lying when caught.
Omar Khalifa
logged in via LinkedIn
Sorry, meant to say Tyler Hamilton...
neral
logged in via Twitter
Big pharma wielding its R&D muscle would be great in supporting properly tested enhancement drugs. It would also dovetail with military uses. Run faster, kill quicker. Slippery slope?
Chris Booker
Research scientist
Like the green and blue pills in The Bourne Legacy? Actually, I could see things heading down that slope if companies were to pursue performance-enhancing drugs in clinical trials.
I think one of the main arguments against doping needs to be the safety of athletes. I recall an article on The Conversation around the olympics arguing that doping should be allowed, but I completely disagree purely on the athlete safety aspect - if doping were allowed there would be enormous pressure to participate…
Read moreSimon Arthur
Reader
Agreed. There's too many unknowns with drugs, such as complications from taking a mix of drugs, and differences in how drugs behave in individuals. While professional athletes may be monitored closely by medical staff, of course young kids want to emulate their heroes and take the same drug quantities and mixes. It seems to me that there are too many risks and consequences to make legalizing drugs worthwhile.
Besides, it's those who are prone to cheating who are illegally using drugs today, they're likely to step over any boundaries you set anyway.
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Performance enhancing drug use in the military is as old as doping in sport. It may surprise Australians to know that our beloved ANZACs were given cocaine as a performance enhancer in Gallipoli.
In modern terms, the US uses modafinil to stave off the effects of sleep deprivation on operations. It also enhances focus and concentration. Frankly, I would want the guy on patrol at 2am to be "enhanced" if it meant detecting an enemy before they lobbed a grenade in.
Equally, notions of fairness from sport have no application in war. The Taliban use amphetamines to keep their guys awake and aggressive. If our soldiers are at a disadvantage because of the Taliban dopes, what then?
Best wishes,
Jason
Venise Alstergren
Venise Alstergren is a Friend of The Conversation.
photographer, blogger.
And the Thai blue collar worker, the early morning wet markets, construction workers, freight hauliers, so many different occupations have to use Ya Baa (sic?) to keep themselves awake when working hours the rest of us sleep.
There was an article in Slate where the author drew an analogy between Lehman Brothers and Lance Armstrong. Both parties being prepared to win at any extent-sub text 'They are all into it, and how can an athlete be expected to be straight when big business is so crooked…
Read moreClifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
Blimey, Shakespeare certainly hit the nail on the head in Lear with the Fool.
'Whoop, Jug! I love thee.
Invoking war to support ethics.
Bruce Moon
Bystander!
Jason
When reading your well constructed article, something inside me went 'hang on....'.
On thinking through my thoughts, I noted your article is delivered in fine academic tradition.
My thoughts were stemming from a different quarter.
What I was thinking (and found somewhat amusing) is that for so long, Armstrong and his cohort have been getting away with their 'smart habits'. Which thus means the anti-doping procedures lacked the necessary components to catch all.
But one has to…
Read moreSimon Arthur
Reader
The "Lance Bomb" has certainly brought doping in sport to the limelight, but it's only likely to have ramifications in cycling. No doubt there's doping in other sports where WADA and USADA also oversee test controls. The bigger issue isn't so much whether doping is legal or illegal in a sport, it's really the issue that at the top of the sport there are willing participants who are going to elaborate lengths to cheat. As alluded to by Dick Pound, in cycling this facilitation of cheating appears to go to the very top, that is the then President of the UCI. So even if you make doping legal in the sport, then the participants will be looking at other avenues to cheat and to build their elaborate schemes around. I can't see how making doping legal, whether medically supervised or not, will make a difference to those who go out of their to cheat.
Michael Block
Idler
In addition to the blood passport there have also been credible suggestions for a 'performance passport'. We know what performance parameters are possible in terms of VO2 max, sustained performance at lactate threshold, and other measurements. Mr Armstrong, Pantani, Ulrich, Riis performed at physiologic levels that just are not possible without doping so a system that also monitored these would be a useful adjunct to the blood passport.
The blood passport itself needs some adjustment. Virtually no healthy person has a baseline haematocrit of 50 unless they live at altitude. setting the trigger point at that level is a tacit acceptance of a level of doping.
John Knowles Stretch
Arid Rangeland resident
Is doping really cheating?
Yes! Undeniably so and no amount of Macquarrie dictionary re-writing can overcome the fact.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
Wow! Oh to be so certain of one’s moral behaviour!
Jason, thank you for this rational, reasonable proposition. In a world of hypocrites it is sorely needed.
The argument reminds me, inevitably, of riding in a vehicle where the driver is exceeding the speed limit by 20 ks, and when passed by a another vehicle shouts: ‘roadhog!’
The question of drugs, of any sort is, is tainted with hysteria, domination, mainly on the part of the US where it all began, religious ‘morality’, and sheer bloody…
Read morePaul Richards
strategic foresight
Peter Hindrup said : " ....superhuman strength endowing potions while his poor bloody opposition were, collectively out there working their guts out in an attempt to be competitive!"
Read moreWow you are naive, if you think that less than 85% of the European Tour has not been using, hardly an opposition working their guts out.
There has been recorded drug cheating in pro cycling since the 1950s, with the first death from EPO on the Tour in 1967 and the UCI has not been able to counter it for over sixty…
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
You can see it coming a mile away, let he who is without sin cast the first stone, which is what your 'argument' amounts to.
You might want to tar yourself with that brush but count me out.
What a sad creature we are when posts like yours sets our bar. I guess the only positive, if positive it is, that we can only moe upward.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
The death that you refer to was presumably Tom Simpson and he died after consuming amphetamines and alcohol, not EPO. ePO was synthesised much later than that.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364740.stm
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
SG / S said " ....ePO was synthesised much later than that."
Hey thanks, at least I got the 1967 part right : /
That old cognitive bias again : )
Further research says it was anemia. It was a great tragedy and highlights the need for effective supervision.
"Lucien Aimar, himself caught for doping, said: "Simpson had taken, at most, 30mg of amphetamine. Had it not been for his anaemic state he wouldn't have died. What killed him wasn't the dope, nor Ventoux even though it was so hot. The true guilt lay with medical science. What pushed him into his coffin was the person who administered an intravenous drip, the thing that made it possible for him to go on restarting each day." www.cyclingnews.com/results/1998/jul98/jul31a.shtml
John Harland
bicycle technician
It has been immensely greater spectacle to me to watch Cadel winning and almost-winning than it was to watch Armstrong.
That said, I still feel that Armstrong is the scapegoat for a lot of other people's failings. The ease with which he and others could elude detection speaks volumes about the UCI and doping agencies, and less about the cleverness or deviousness of Armstrong et al.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
John Harland said ; " detection speaks volumes about the UCI and doping agencie"
Finally a voice of reasoned and considered comment in this emotive forum . Thank you.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
+1 Never thought I'd agree with John harland.....
Janet Holmes
PhD student
Doping is against the rules, but since it appears that everyone is doing it and few are getting caught that it is being tacitly condoned. I think it is time we faced the fact that prohibition does not now, nor ever has worked. All it does is create an environment where amateurs take whatever they can get their hands on without a good idea of what the consequences might be and many people ruin their health, while the lucky ones get good advice and do well. The health risks are much greater than they need to be because using these chemicals is illegal. If doping was legalized athletes could get proper advice from trained professionals and decide for themselves (they are grown-ups after all) what risks they wished to take for what likely benefits. Life is not risk free and neither is sport. Taking Armstrong's medals off him is pointless since no doubt whoever came second was doping as well, just less successfully.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Janet Holmes said ; "Taking Armstrong's medals off him is pointless since no doubt whoever came second was doping as well" Well put.
That would be commonsense but for the fact most people are under the delusion cycling and probably all sport is clean. Commenters here are also quick to forget Armstrong has not been caught breaking the rules, but been dobbed in by self confessed cheaters we are meant to accept as well motivated.
Truth is we are all guilty of supporting sports that break the dopping rules, if we are indeed that indignant we could step off spectating and uphold the values purported. But human cognitive bias prevents it, that is until a well motived and funded group of conservatives in the "War on Drugs" got hold of Livestrong post 2005. The rest is history, and history show little truth will come from the victor.
Joe Gartner
Tilter
Paul, read the USADA's reasons before commenting on Armstrong. If you think that the evidence is only compiled from disaffected doping colleagues than you are much mistaken.
probably should have a look at these links, paul:
http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/ReasonedDecision.pdf
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/lancearmstrong/9600559/Lance-Armstrong-key-excerpts-from-the-USADA-doping-report.html
http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2012/10/11/3608613.htm
Michael Block
Idler
Janet, the blood passport is a very effective way of detecting transfusions and blood boosting medications like EPO. In practice it's effectiveness is lessened by the uCI's unwillingness to implement it properly, for instance the trigger hematocrit level is 50 when most people have a hematocrit of around 40+/-3. Armstrong's blood passport values for the 2009 and 2010 Tour clearly demonstrate blood doping, the problem is that the uCI do nothing. Cycling could be transformed with 3 measures:
Read moretighten…
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
Or if you prefer, Armstrong 'won' because everyone else in the race was also cheating.
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
'That would be commonsense', and ''Truth is we are all guilty of supporting sports that break the doping rules'.
Our 'commonsense' doesn't do us any favours, does it, and speak for yourself with that other assertion.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Michael Block said ; "soon as he stops his bike then this is too good to be true." I take all your points and agree. But you may not remember Greg Lemond or Eddie Myerx but they could do just that, and Phil Andersons comments told us all he did not believe Armstrong to be in this class of rider when he first met him.
This is the problem a dirty big question mark hangs over everyone.
Even Cadel, because can we be sure his team mates did not dope?
Lemond has behind the scenes been an instigator of the 'witchhunt' of Armstrong, so he has probably been clean. But then again who really knows. Ihave personally seen Cadel Race from very young and have no doubt he has the real physiology. The saddest issue about this whole World Tour is the unrecognised supreme talent Cadel and other like him in this era, must have to match these guys doping.
The UCI either gets serious or just accept they use, I suspect they have accepted they use, and just try their best to enforce the rules.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
The other issue not raised is the pharmacological groups supply the testing equipment and methodology to discover their drugs used illegally on the UCI tour.
No one has even suggested their complicity could be called into question and civil action taken. Because they are corporate, operate at the apex of the economic system and have enough resources to act with impunity.
Michael Block
Idler
paul, you've identified the problem now for all riders, if they win then they are under suspicion of doping, if they don't win it's because they used to dope when they were winning. Cadel is an interesting example, his power outputs and climbing times have remained reasonably constant as other GC riders have dropped back to his level. If he were riding at the height of the Armstrong era then he would likely have been just a cycling footnote whilst everyone kept lauding the 'Armstrong miracle'.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Clifford Chapman said : "..commonsense' doesn't do us any favours, does it, and speak for yourself with that other assertion" I find that comment offensive, as I don't its just an opinion. My opinion on this issue matters very little.
Please explain your line of argument. It has gone over my head, and like my comment may be a little cryptic. I apologise mine was. My meaning is simply, we watch and support cycling. Doping has been part of it since the 1950s, the first death from EPO use on TDF was in 1967 it has been an every increasing part of all sport.
It looks hypocritical of 'us' to point to doping now in 2012, after a conservative group in the US supporting the "War on Drugs" decides to 'ping' someone to follow a political agenda.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
Paul,
Cadel,Evans consulted Michele Ferrari early on in his career. I consider that Cadel was clean in his win last year... Not because I 'believe' but that he did not show the signs of indominability that others who have doped have. Also the doping controls are much better now (even if flawed.)
Tat notwithstanding, I think that cadel has a case to answer and as a role model and leader of the sport he should address his Ferrari connection with candour and comment candidly on the Armstrong era.
http://www.cadelevans.org/
This whole EPO period should be put behind cycling and the only way it will is if the sports leaders start talking, like Andre Greipel did yesterday.
http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/greipel-voices-support-of-usada-investigation
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Michael Block said " Cadel is an interesting example, his power outputs and climbing times have remained reasonably constant " This is the tragedy, no one notices.
That is what bothered people like me about the 2nd place in the 2008 Tour de France and 2nd place 2007 Tour de France for Cadel. As both winners had question marks over them, during the UCI season, not to mention the other riders in the top 10.
Lets face it the Contador name is not much better than Armstrongs now.. I can remember Lemond, his amazing breaks and still am in awe.
So I am not entirely convinced Cadel hasn't held his own and shown what a natural can actually do.
But then it could just be all jingoistic BS, that is the dilema of this whole mess.
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
Well, maybe platform shoes might be the answer.
But, seriously, if common sense tells us that the cyclist who finished second was also on drugs, and so on until the lanterne rouge, what price us as a being? Our bar's standard is pretty low, I'd say, and that's why your 'common sense' makes us a sad little creature. It's like you are saying, if one is cheating, they all are, because they are human beings, hence it doesn't do us any favours, does it?
In terns of your other assertion, 'Truth is we are all guilty of supporting sports that break the doping rules', I do say, speak for yourself. I used to love watching sport and marvelling at the abilities of greatly talented indidivudals, but once drugs and doping, and cheating generally, becomes part of the equation, you can count me out.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Clifford Chapman ; "..... Well, maybe platform shoes might be the answer."
Read morewizzzz, that went clean over my head : /
"Our bar's standard is pretty low," hmmm ... based on the mythological no drugs and rules no one 'uses' unless caught redhanded.
Which in a multi million dollar sport, and million dollar plus yearly contract pro cyclists get is clearly rarely possible. Armstrong was not caught out by the 'umpire' the UCI, but dobbed in by dubiously motivated highly pressured self confessed cheaters…
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
My story came to end long before the Armstrong revelations.
Your analogy with Father Christmas doesn't gell with me - I don't see us necessarily having to move from a state of innocence to one of cynicism and corruption where cheating in sports is accepted as being the modus operandi.
And I meant what I said about watching sports - there are many I ignore now that I used avidly to watch. Drugs, and any of the other cheating mechanisms these losers employ, leave me dead.
There is no grief in any of this - I just think people who need and want to cheat are sad, miserable creatures.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Clifford Young said ; "Your analogy with Father Christmas doesn't gell with me" That's of 'Life Conditions' and personal value systems or stages of development do not always match.
I feel it is totally appropriate for you to feel indignant about this issue, there is no right way to view it.
We all look for a win / win if we can. But this is a win / lose situation, and all sports, sponsors, spectators and athletes have lost respect.
Suzy Gneist
logged in via Facebook
I don't see this issue as a superior intelligence or medical issue but an ethical one.
Since he did not comply with the code of sportsmanship or doping/enhancement agreements he must have surely been aware of and agreed to within his national/international sports bodies in order to compete, then, yes, he is guilty.
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Suzy:
This is one point that I argue about with myself. Part of the answer is "should we?"
There is no question that doping is against the rules as they are currently formulated. However, this has no impact on whether doping should be against the rules. Anti-doping is just like any other system of social control. It has no objective reality - it exists only because we make it exist. We can therefore change this system if we choose to.
A good follow up question is whether we should…
Read moreSuzy Gneist
logged in via Facebook
Wouldn't this change open up a new can of worms of what is considered acceptable? What about genetic enhancements, nano-technology, etc.
I would imagine the scenarios of these possibilities would change the concept of 'competition' or even 'sport' to something completely new...
Joe Gartner
Tilter
I think that the idea of a sport where it's acceptable and expected to ride with medical intervention is quite sick. That's why people think it's wrong.
It is tangibly different to place limitations on the sport in respect to drug use and to place limitations (ie rules) in other arbitrary ways like types of equipment allowed, rules like follow the course with no short cuts, sabotaging competitor's equipment etc.
If someone could demonstrate that the wellbeing of the competitors and the sport (whatever that might mean to different people) is better served by allowing medical interventions to be applied wholesale to competitors than leat's see it.
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Suzy:
Great point. Sport is going to evolve because of the technology we have in society anyway. Sport will become something else.
In relation to genetic enhancement there is scope to genetically modify talented parents to produce even more talented off-spring. The ethical question is whether you deny the off-spring the chance to compete because their parents acted in a way that prioritised sporting success over nature?
In terms of nanotechnology, would it be better for athletes to have nanobots that repair minor muscle tears in competition rather than pulling them out?
Part of my disquiet about doping is that no one is allowed to test the alternative. Everyone is required to follow anti-doping to access government funding or IOC events.
Best wishes,
Jason
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Joe:
Interesting point. Assuming that elite cyclists are riding without medical intervention is charitable to say the least.
The fact that people find it "sick" is a testament to their moral perspective. In doing so, those who find it sick are imposing their view on other people, who may disagree. This is fundamentally contrary to the idea of a modernist enlightened liberal individualistic society - Australia. It's a bit like saying one religion has no right to observe a holiday because…
Read moreSuzy Gneist
logged in via Facebook
This would definitely erase the concept of an 'Olympics' where anyone can compete on a level playing field (not that it currently is, but moreso). Alone the access to finance and technology would exclude most of the world's population from participation (in cycling this is already the case I assume).
We would create a kind of artificial 'Master Race' whose purpose is to, what exactly?, prove what feats are technologically possible to achieve? Not sure where this reasoning would lead us eventually...
Joe Gartner
Tilter
jason,
Laser eye surgery is correcting a physical deficit to a norm. Doping is altering normal physical parameters away from the norm, as another poster here noted: altering it to a point unachievable with normal physiology.
Clifford Chapman
Retired English Teacher
And an even better follow-up qustion is hwat sort of creature are we.
John Harland
bicycle technician
Don't we do that already?
Being coached in a specific discipline was once regarded as cheating. Now everyone does it and the attitude has changed. However I am very uneasy about liberalising drug usage in sport.
That does not mean that I support the witchhunt against Armstrong. Are we going to take the gold medals from Australian riders who were drugging when they won their Gold Medals in cycling, or other sports? It is not hard to name names.
Armstrong and those around him were already…
Read morePaul Richards
strategic foresight
John Harland said " Just how much would permission of drugs differ?"
This is so true. possibly the most realistic statement in the forum.
We all need to get over the issue it really has been going on in all sports for decades. All drugs can do harm, but used correctly they can be safe.
The question is really, are we all just being dragged along on this eternal "War on Drugs" the conservative in America are determined to win?
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
Dear Paul, I would like to press you on this statement: "All drugs can do harm, but used correctly they can be safe". I have no doubt that this is true of many drugs. However, what would your view be of a drug that produces significant performance improvements (let's say in cycling) but is significantly harmful to health if used regularly?*** I presume that a doctor committed to the Hippocratic Oath would be reluctant to prescribe such a drug on an ongoing basis if their patient's health was compromised…
Read morePaul Richards
strategic foresight
Daryl Adair said ; " would like to press you on this statement: "All drugs can do harm, but used correctly they can be safe" Ok. " I have no doubt that this is true of many drugs." I was just paraphrasing Dr.Karl, but it is literally true 'all' drugs cause harm, doctors minimise damage because of efficacy, ergo; safety is possible.
Read more"ultimate" extreme sport, with athletes prepared to enter what might be loosely called the "Pharmaceutical Olympics" Love it, genuinely funny ; )
But sorry to tell…
Guy Cox
logged in via email @guycox.com
The first thing we have to recognize is that we're not, actually, talking about drugs. 20-30 years ago, when elite athletes were doped up on amphetamines, that was the case. Now, we are talking about manipulating normal metabolites. One thing nobody seems to have mentioned is that Lance only has one testicle, so administering testosterone is just making up for his body's reduced capacity to produce it.
Testing of athletes looks both for evidence of banned substances, and levels of metabolites…
Read moreJoe Gartner
Tilter
There's two arguments here, Guy. one easy to answer and one quite difficult.
Read moreArmstrong is wrong because he broke the rules, that is a pure normative or value based judgement. The rules may be irksome to some, but nevertheless the rules were designed for fair competition. Many riders did not break the rules by virtue of lack of intent or access to the same regime that Armstrong obtained. This means that for the period in question Armstrong had an unfair advantage. \
The second point, which I…
Guy Cox
logged in via email @guycox.com
Your use of the emotive term 'doping' is already making your position clear! If I thought that term was applicable I'd be on your side, of course. You say "doping by pharmacetical alters the normal physiology of the body, hence it is a drug". But does adjusting the balance of normal body metabolites fit that definition? I can't see how.
If we give someone oral testosterone that is, apparently, bad. If we feed him foods that are naturally high in testosterone that is therefore OK? What…
Read moreMal Adapted
Primate
If I could comment here. There is a profound ethical, physiological and ethical difference between using drugs in sport and using traditional training methods.
These differences are well established in the medical and bioethical literature
Read more.
Whilst it is tempting to conflate pharmaceutical enhancement (doping) with diet and training they are quite different. Addition of PEDs to a training regime falls under the aegis of medical ethics as it is a medical intervention however you may want to…
John Mendoza
Adjunct Associate Professor at University of Sydney
Jason
I'm not sure if you are aware that during the 'era' you have referred to dozens of elite cyclists (in the pro cycling Trade A and B teams) died directly as a result of using the banned substances Lance Armstrong and co used to cheat. They passed away in their sleep usually due to the extreme levels of red blood cells and very low blood pressure. These are young men, in peak physical condition who died because they were competing in a sport where the authorities were complicate in the fraud…
Read moreJason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
John:
Thank you for your insight. It has been a long time since we have talked about this issue.
That people died due to drug abuse is a tragedy. That their deaths could have been averted if we used a different system is also a tragedy. It is also a tragedy that sport has reached a point where people feel the need to use drugs in the first place.
Something which I have floated in other forums is sanctioning entire sports. Could you imagine what would happen if the entire US team…
Read moreArthur James Egleton Robey
Industrial Electrician
Who cares?
Sportsmen are parasites. They put on a bit of a Punch and Judy Show and we are expected to be awestruck? Tell them to go and get a real job.
Let them take as many drugs as they like. Preferably in the privacy of their bedrooms.
Where is Mr, Darwin when you need him?
Kate Henne
Research Fellow at the Regulatory Institutions Network (RegNet) at Australian National University
Jason, I wish I had seen this earlier. We would have linked our article as a follow-up to this! Unfortunately, we were to busy writing to check your piece out. https://theconversation.edu.au/dopers-and-the-rest-a-case-for-splitting-professional-cycling-10177
Peter Robinson
logged in via email @nex.net.au
Its useful to contemplate the real reason we ever had anti doping. It was not about having a level playing field. It was simply that so many cyclists would get to the end of a race and keel over dead due to the stuff they were on. It was to save them from themselves in their eagerness to win. Alot of drugs now will not put the user in so much danger so its a blurrier issue.
Jason Mazanov
Senior Lecturer, School of Business, UNSW-Canberra at University of New South Wales
Peter:
Some writers have suggested that anti-doping was a function of the Cold War. The apparatus designed to catch the GDR and Soviet Bloc unfortunately exposed the practice in the West first.
The problem with athletes dying lay more with the poor quality of the substances and the inability to manage and monitor their use adequately. It may be likened to the uncertain purity of heroin leading to overdose. The pharmaceutical technology around EPO, HGH and AAS has progressed far enough that they are better understood, and thanks to anti-doping, better understood in the context of sport.
Best wishes,
Jason
Peter Hindrup
consultant
Peter:
'cheating', in relation to endurance, pushing the limits, attempting the impossible, seeing a different approach as opposed to the 'settled' consensus belongs to those who bring about change.
'
A viewing of some of the"Red Bull clips clearly illustrates this.
Opposed are those who believe in 'rules', fixed, handed down from on high. Commonly espoused by those i professions with a penchant for 'cross dressing', always with notable exceptions of course, an example being Justice…
Read moreRoy Niles
logged in via Facebook
But the cycling we're concerned with here is a professional sport, and all these sports are games, and all games have rules, and all rules are meant to be enforced by the gamers themselves. And all players in all these games attempt to fool the enforcers by one trick or another to gain an advantage and win the game. Every such game has its own set of "morals," but breaking the rules is a "crime" only if you get caught. Under these circumstances different players will take different risks in violating…
Read moreMichael Block
Idler
It sounds just like the business world Roy! Remember in 'Totem and Taboo' Freud said that the only reason why we have taboos (rules) against certain things is because it's a part of human nature to want to do them. 'Pushing the envelope' is a part of human nature and one of the things that has made us a successful species. It is however still possible to push the envelope within the rules rather than seeing the rules as irrelevant.
I think that in our response we should be sophisticated enough to differentiate between PED users and those that organise, sell and profit from organising others to use PEDs. Mr armstrong falls into the latter camp. I think that we should also respond differently to those who volunteer their PED use compared to those who still hide it until discovered and then still deny it.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
Point taken. However 'cheating' in elite sport, at least all of those that I watch is endemic.
John McEnroe -- brilliant! --- 'cheated'. Or so I would rate his perfectly timed, brilliantly performed outburst!
The screeching of Maria Sharapova is nothing if not cheating, covering the sound of racquet on ball. The William's sisters intimidatory aggression, likewise.
Watch rugby league and despite the cameras, the minimal chances of getting away with 'cheating', it is still a regular feature. In soccer likewise.
Frankly, in the problems faced by the world, the daily atrocities being carried by the West, where one would hope that we could have some influence, the issue of whether or not somebody 'cheated', or didn't in a sporting contest is really of no consequence whatever.
Daryl Adair
Associate Professor of Sport Management at University of Technology, Sydney
While the discussion about PEDs in sport is profoundly important, something to keep in mind is the possibility of what has been labelled "gene doping" in the future. At present this appears to be science fiction, but who knows what might be possible in years to come? If gene doping becomes a reality, the debate about drugs is likely to become outdated, since genetic manipulation of the body is expected to have greater impacts than pharmaceutical manipulation.
A synopsis can be found here: http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/08/by-the-next-olympics-athletes-may-be-getting-routine-gene-doping-tests/260700/
Michael H Cosby
logged in via Facebook
Can't stand sport. Irritated that it clogs up the meeja, can't escape it even on ABC FM. Of course its cheating, but I do hope it continues until these obsessives all kill themselves, and all sports administrators resign because the have been guilty of it themselves.
Then we can replace sports 'news' with poetry.
No poet has ever been disgraced because they used drugs.
Mal Adapted
Primate
I reckon Charles bukowkski disgraced himself a few times....
John Harland
bicycle technician
The Murdoch papers have consistently misreported this issue, claiming that Lance has already been relieved of his medals for his TdF wins.
Given how often the mistruth has been repeated, it stretches credibility to suppose that it is entirely accidental.
In that Murdoch, to my understanding, is also behind Sky and is thus a sponsor of a team, is there a conflict of interest here?
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
John Hartland said ; "Murdoch papers have consistently misreported this issue .. " I missed this one thank you. Been following this 'witch hunt' since 2005 when Armstrong through Livestrong publicly started supporting the Democrats health policy. If you search, there is trail leading back to the organisation first public opposition of 'tobacco' in California over a proposed bill in the state.
Armstrong has defiantly been a scapegoat, not that anyone wants drugs in sport, but the issue is a highly 'politicised' "War on Drugs" issue by conservatives. No one believes the Murdoch press supports US Liberals / Democrats.
John Harland
bicycle technician
As Vernon Blake explained to his English readers in 1920, Tour de France riders are professionals who are aware that they are there to provide spectacle for the spectators and for the newsmedia.
Lance has done that job superbly through his seven TdF wins.
Does the doping problem lie primarily with us as the watchers thirsting to watch superhuman efforts?
Is the UCI simply doing its job of maintaining the spectacle for us?
I also question the assertion that Armstrong is a bully. He may be but I have not seen evidence of it.
He is very tough and very assertive but that level of assertion is what is needed in competition. It is bully
John Harland
bicycle technician
(apologies, accidental premature post)
It is bullying if he directs that assertion at people who are not trying to do the same to him.
His prevailing in the contest with others doing the same thing does not make him a bully
Michael Block
Idler
John I think (and of course this is just my opinion) that having 1 rider who is so dominant that it's clear during the opening time trial who is going to win the event (baring misfortune) is not exciting racing. The 2011 Tour is an example of how exciting and unpredictable a Grand tour can be when one rider doesn't routinely dominate through cheating.
Mr Armstrong's bullying is consistent and clearly demonstrated from his dealings with his friends, his ex-wife and fellow riders or the media.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Michael Block Idler said " Mr Armstrong's bullying is consistent and clearly demonstrated from his dealings with his friends, his ex-wife and fellow riders or the media."
In all fairness that is not Armstrong's 'story'. Is this trial by media? Have you given consideration to both sides of the argument? I am old enough to remember what happened to Lindy Chamberlain and very skeptical about 'stories'.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
John Harland said " He is very tough and very assertive but that level of assertion is what is needed in competition."
I have crewed for a sportsman who competed for a 'World Tittle' and agree, he was often see incorrectly because he had intense focus and was in the zone when competing. Unless you have felt and seen this behaviour close hand, it could appear a true competitor is capable of bullying. It is simply a winning mindset.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
John,
read this
http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/ReasonedDecision.pdf
from here:
http://cyclinginvestigation.usada.org/
this should answer any concerns about whether he is a bully, a conspirator etc.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
you aven't read this, Paul?
http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/ReasonedDecision.pdf
not trial by media, considerable evidence I would say.
Michael Block
Idler
Paul I agree that we do need to be careful:
careful that someone who is 'unlikeable' to many is punished solely on the basis of being unlikeable.
careful that there are facts or at least a reasonable weight of testimony and evidence to back up the claims
careful that we don't lose track of the big picture - what are the systemic factors that allowed and even encouraged cheats and bullies to flourish for so long.
Mr Armstrong sold a series of very seductive interlinked messages: hope over adversity…
Read morePaul Richards
strategic foresight
Michael Block said " No contest' is his best option, although in that case its unreasonable for the press and community to say 'OK we'll just abandon the whole process then'."
Read moreSo true, none of us know the whole truth, but it is always the victor that writes history, ask our indigenous people.
Nothing will change the fact that the conservative think tanks / lobbyist turned on Armstrong / Livestrong in 2005 after he switched allegiance. Prior to that he was a "Good Old Bush supporting Texas boy…
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
as an aside this is a perspective from an athlete who did not wish to dope but had the fortitude to say no. As George Hincapie intimated: even if you don't want to dope, you have to in order to compete. i htink this is what most people object to. Having a doping peleton seperate to a clean peleton would certainly fix this problem I suppose, raises interesting things about consent though.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/19930514
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Seamus Gardiner said : "Having a doping peleton seperate to a clean peleton would certainly fix this problem ...."
You would think so, but just one example of doping gone wild is US Baseball, and it has not changed anything. The dopers are still heros. Go figure? I bet the same would happen to cycling, I suspect the the UCI know its an exciting spectacle and have done enough to placate everyone. I think it is time for realisation this conservative "War on Drugs" is a waste of time, they are only cheating doping in cycling, not committing a crime.
Be nice to have it all dope free, but seriously the egg is broken, how can it go back together.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
This doesn't happen very often but, yes, I agree with you Paul.
Paul Richards
strategic foresight
Follow up note on this issue; With the UCI ban in place it was interesting to hear Phil Liggot say of Lance " he may have been a drug cheat, but we all know the competition were also. He was still the greatest cyclist of his era. ....... an era that ended with the first drugs free winner Cadel Evans in our era."
I guess time will tell, and he made the point it takes nothing away from the millions of dollars and support he has provided for cancer victims worldwide. However his credibility as a drugs free cyclist is forever tarnished.
On the positive side Phil Ligott has noticed the riders at the end of a a day on the Cadel Evans win forward are noticably exhausted, he is of the opinion the era is over based on this and other observation.
Peter Hindrup
consultant
This has been a long and tortuous conversation. It has raised more acrimony than any other conversation that I have seen in my short acquaintance with this site. It has raised levels of moral indignation, reflected peoples despair at fallen heroes and reported that people have given up on sport, or some sport, because of ‘doping’, or the possibility of doping.
Questions of what is fair, of the sanctity of ‘rules’, compliance with ‘law’ or the spirit of the rules have been, by some, declared as…
Read moreJoe Gartner
Tilter
To answer the original question posed in the title to this article, I reckon this guy reckons it's cheating:
http://www.theage.com.au/sport/cycling/how-dopers-stole-the-best-years-of-my-career-20121026-28aif.html