There is a widespread belief amongst teachers that it is part of their duty of care, even a defining aspect of their of professionalism, that all views expressed in the classroom are to be treated equally.
I take it as one of my first duties to challenge this. The right to have a view is indeed equally shared, but this is does not imply the same for the idea itself. If all ideas are equal, then all ideas are worthless.
If we accept this, then we can meaningfully ask questions about how these views might be evaluated – true grist for the educational mill.
A fine line
An American bill, defeated ultimately by the Oklahoma Senate this year, attempted to legislate that students were not to be “penalised in any way because the student may subscribe to a particular position on scientific theories”.
Obviously this terrain that must be carefully negotiated in the context of developing minds, but there is a core principle here that requires articulation.
Central to a liberal society is the right to discuss things. Not being able to do this is totalitarianism – the banning of unsanctioned ideas. So where on the continuum of controlling public discourse, if it is to be done at all, can we comfortably sit?
The further we move away from unfettered public speech the murkier the waters become, with calls of and for censorship beginning after the first paddle stroke. Where this boundary lies for and within individuals is highly significant in an educational setting.
Let me make the point in a broader social context, one that involves exploring that most cherished of hurts, the pain of being offended.
The truth hurts
What happens when you are offended by something someone says but no one around you seems outraged? Well, first you’d best establish that you’re deeply offended. Don’t be very offended: be deeply offended, or even offend to the core of your being.
And what could cause such offence? One might imagine a threat to the physical safety of you and your loved ones, but is this where we find it most often?
No, such offence seems the end-point along a path of least resistance for those whose most strongly held beliefs are challenged. They claim for their ideas what rightly belongs to people: respect.
We naturally adopt a respectful attitude to people. At this basic level, people have to work hard to lose our respect, and even then we may choose not to leave them at the last because we value human life and dignity.
We appreciate that they contribute in some way to the social norms we all enjoy, and that they, like us, are creators of society as well as a participants in it.
People and ideas
Ideas have no such empathic traction. Unlike people they cannot suffer, they do not know joy and they do not contribute by themselves to the happiness of others in any social sense. That is not to say there are no really good or really bad ideas, but that they need to stand or fall exclusively on their merits, and often within their own contexts.
They should be subject to critical scrutiny and survive only though articulation and argumentation. The point is, ideas are not people. And people are not just their ideas.
This is certainly true, at least, in that I am not my patented, self-cleaning bathtub, but is it just as true that I am not my political ideology, or that I am not my religious belief? These latter examples may not be quite so neatly teased apart: when does my idea become my creed, and when does my creed become my identity?
For the individual, there is a distinct difference between a casual idea and a core belief. We may claim that without that core belief we would be other than who we are, but that other ideas can be considered just as an intellectual exercise (I am aware that I have simplified the nature of belief, but it will do to serve my point).
Here is where we need to acknowledge the painful fact that what is a core belief to us may be simply an entertaining idea to someone else and, like all ideas in a free society, it must be permissible to subject it to inquiry.
The fallacy of deepest offence
To assume that an idea may not be questioned because it is a part of your identity, and that an attack on it is an attack on you, equivalent to a denial of human respect, is a fallacy, and I name it here the “Fallacy of Deepest Offence” (a variety of the strawman fallacy).
It is a blurring of the line between people and ideas. It is a device by which ideas are rendered immune to critical inquiry.
If you want to believe that the world is made of snow, that women are inferior to men or that homosexuality is morally wrong then go ahead. But the instant you take that belief into the public arena, your ideas will be rightfully tested.
The minute you suggest others should believe it too, you will be challenged. When you ask that the taxes of your fellow citizens support your beliefs, you will be resisted. This is exactly how an open society operates and should operate. You are not immune because you are sincere.
To not recognise this fallacy within us, and to not permit students to learn of it, creates two problems at the very least. The first is that we lose the ability to reflect on our own internal processes. If we do not look inwards and question what we see, we fossilise, led more by our creed than by our critical faculties.
The second is that we become less tolerant of others, less willing to work collaboratively, and less able to comprehend arguments. Both of these diminish our ability to contribute and to co-exist.
To make the claim of offence in this way is to not only commit the fallacy, but is also to utterly disrespect the right of your fellows to engage in honest inquiry, and that is a very deep offence indeed – particularly when it carries over into the classroom.
Ian Donald Lowe
Seeker of Truth
I, as a regular commentor on articles on this site, don't mind so much having my ideas challenged as having people question my right to comment on articles here because I do not have a bunch of letters after my name. I thought the whole idea was to involve 'the public' in the conversation, not exclude them? Even expressing an opinion outside of the conventional or consensus opinion, even if it is a moderate and balanced opinion that the climate debate is driven mostly by extremists of either persuation…
Read moreThis is a highly recommended comment.
Aden Date
Manager of the Guild Volunteer Hub at University of Western Australia
Ian,
I can't speak on behalf of anyone who attacked your right to speak because of your lack of formal qualifications, but I note that you have commented on this article. Your rights have not been revoked, and I think this is evidence that The Conversation (as an entity) is willing to give you your opportunity to speak. That a handful of individuals may have made such comments in the past doesn't seem to extend to vilification of the entire system, just as the experience of a few youth does not…
Read moreIan Donald Lowe
Seeker of Truth
Thank you Allen for taking the time to remind me of something that I already knew and should have realised I was doing again. I was led astray (again) and you have pointed me back in the right direction. Please forgive my indiscretions, especially against this site. My heart was not in the right place when I made that comment. Feel free to remove it and this conversation if you wish.
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Ian, I suggest you read Sue Ieraci's post above and then honestly reflect.
How often have you expressed an opinion that is in direct contradiction to the weight of evidence and been challenged (in effect possibly claiming an implicit right to your own facts) as opposed to expressed an opinion that might be considered a personal view and been told you can't hold it?
If it's the latter then I would support your concerns. If it's the former I think you need to do some reflecting.
I suspect…
Read moreIan Donald Lowe
Seeker of Truth
A bit from side A and a bit from side B I have to admit.
No more angry posts (I hope) from now on.
Allen, don't get me wrong, I've worked with young people, trained with young people and
even done some training of young people as well. One on one or in a group situation we usually get on well.
I tend to find out what interests them and try and find time to talk about that if I can, as well as inspire them in some small way, even if it's just getting involved in a disscussion.
I have even been told I have an ability to talk and relate to people of all ages by a couple of tutors, in the past.
I don't want to end up a GOM (grumpy old man) yelling "GET OFF MY LAWN!". (We don't even have a front lawn to speak of.) I found out a couple of things in the last couple of days and it's taken a lot of stress off me and I can get on with things more calmly. Peace everyone.
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Good for you :)
This is a highly recommended comment.
Tim Scanlon
Debunker
You don't learn much if you are not challenged on opinions. It is even more important that incorrect opinions are rooted out before they enter into the mythology that you will be almost impossible to replace with facts.
If people get offended, well they need to be a bit more humble and willing to learn, and get over it. There is no place for arrogance in the world, we have too much of it already.
Dale Bloom
Analyst
I have sometimes noticed a lot of minuses placed against a comment I have posted (I think -50 has been the record so far).
It indicates reluctance to explore that idea presented, when I am quite possibly right.
For example, Australia should be stabilising or reducing its population with minimal or no immigration, mining does not cause as much environmental destruction as tourism or real estate development, feminism with its myths, misinformation and denigration of the male gender is possibly the worst social disease in Australia etc.
All such ideas have received very negative response. That doesn’t concern me, but what concerns me is that few people have presented any facts to prove the opposite.
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
While I wouldn't agree with all of Dale's views, I certainly agree that too many people seem prepared to simply add to the red score rather than challenging a view with a fact or an argument.
In fact, at times, I have managed to garner a quite high red score with a deliberately ambiguous comment.
Dale Bloom
Analyst
Ambiguity doesn’t matter.
Try pointing out the negatives of a multicultural society, or say something positive about the male gender, and the red score rises off the scale.
There are a range of non-ambiguous facts that cannot be mentioned in an academic environment, or it becomes career suicide.
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Dale, would you admit that it is possible that at least in some instances of your posts that it is the presentatio of unambiguous opiion that you confuse with fact that might just possibly be causing the red marks?
Dale Bloom
Analyst
No. It seems that within the academic world, only some facts can be mentioned, and not others. The academic world is heavily censored. As for complete lack of science and facts, there are articles published such as this one.
http://theconversation.edu.au/subversion-schadenfreude-and-drama-addiction-in-private-games-8749
There are a whole series of statements made, but not a single referenced fact is mentioned, and very few academics question it.
I attribute this complete lack of science and facts to the introduction of humanities and feminist courses in universities.
Christopher White
PhD candidate
Congratulations, Dale; in a few short sentences, you've managed to blow your credibility entirely out of the water.
Dennis Alexander
logged in via LinkedIn
Sorry to disappoint you Dale, but out of the humanities and sciences, sciences is the johnny-come-lately to universities - except in the form of either natural philosophy or medicine, neither of which was necessarily terribly "scientific" in modern parlance at inception. Theology, law and the liberal arts, including at that time mathematics and geometry, heavily outweighed "science" in curriculum time and prestige. So, humanities, which since the 70s or so (i.e. for 40 years) has included gender studies and feminist approaches, has been at the core of universities far longer than science. Arguably, both humanities and sciences have now been displaced at the core by business studies. Also, I believe the linked article, labelled as "academic thoughts on popular culture" makes no claim to fact but is clearly opinion or reflection about an observed phenomenon.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
I think you're being disingenuous and cherry-picking the content of Dale's post to which you wish to respond.
The central thesis of his post is that a "gender studies and feminist approach" is causal with respect to a lack of rigour more generally within academic humanities faculties. Much of the reasoning I see presented in reports is of a circular nature, reminiscent of theology more than disinterested enquiry. Sophistry abounds. A great deal of it unabashedly advocates for a particular predetermined…
Read moreDale Bloom
Analyst
Dennis Alexander
There are scientific laws, but no scientific laws have ever been produced by the humanities or social science, and it is farcical to believe a scientific law will ever be produced from feminist courses at universities.
Some science is not good science, and leaving out data is not good science, but I have seen plenty of evidence of that.
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Er, the fact that you won't even admit the possibility and then link to an example that is, at best, ambiguous in support of your case doesn't speak much to the logic or evidentiary basis for your position.
The piece you linked to is clearly an opinion piece, not really subject to an empirical way of knowing.
There is then relatively courteous discourse in the comments, if from somewhat opposing points of view.
I could not find a single example of a "fact" that couldn't be mentioned.
Perhaps you might consider expanidng your understanding of differing episetmologies and their suitable application?
http://www.acperesearch.net/waysofknowing.pdf
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Perhaps you should try a well argued comment supported by evidence instead of a deliberately ambiguous comment? You know what they say Mr Dowling - doing the same thing, over and over, in the expectation of s different result???
Joe Gartner
Tilter
For all Mr Bloom's serial and narcissistic whining there is a valid epistemological point that he makes. What is the value of the knowledge gained in the humanities if the 'truths' cannot be verified by objective or quantitative method? Does it have the same truth value as the sciences where the quality of gaining truth is predicated on the falsifiablity of the method?
Is a theory such as postmodernism falsifiable? is it really a theory at all?
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Johanne, to answer your question I suggest you read this
http://www.acperesearch.net/waysofknowing.pdf
Whilst I'm a personal fan of intersubjective empircism, best practiced through what is known as the scientific method, as a way of knowing reality, expecially external reality, I am not so arrogant as to believe that is the only way or even he best way, regardless of one's epistemological position.
I would suggest Dale's approach is limited by seeing things solely through the lens of empricism.
Though, mind you, you will find me in the vanguard of debate when those from the humanities attempt to apply their hermeneutic rationalism and revelatory approaches to matters that ARE observable testable phenomena
https://theconversation.edu.au/your-brain-on-the-internet-a-response-to-susan-greenfield-8694
Dennis Alexander
logged in via LinkedIn
Dale, in fact, all "scientific laws" are provisional and subject to revision (Popper, Kuhn). And before you cite the "law of gravity" recall that Newton, though as committed as Galileo to removing the "occult" (hidden from view, not spiritually arcane) from science, said of how it works, "I make no hypothesis". I am pretty sure that he didn't anticipate either Einstein (warping of space-time) or Higgs (carried by a particle) in explaining it - and yes, even the mathematical expression of the law…
Read moreJoe Gartner
Tilter
Mark, that is pretty useful.Cheers.
Sue Ieraci
Public hospital clinician
Further to Mark Harrigan's comments, I would also add that the "various ways of knowing" are appropriate to various different contexts.
Many areas of science lend themselves to direct observation or measurement. These observations and measurements improve and become more precise as technology improves. Some things - say, the shape of the earth, are no longer subject to ongoing review.
Some areas of the "hard sciences" do not yet have enough direct observations or measurements to have a settled…
Read moreBruce Caithness
Retiree
The support for a good theory is that it is better articulated, better able to advance further research, and better able to survive rigorous criticism and testing. Observation has a role, namely to test our suppositions. Just because our theories pass tests does not mean they are "verified" or "rational" in themselves. Rationality lies in how we handle our theories and not the theories themselves.
Peter Ellerton's essay highlights the need to be open to criticism, even though we often feel quite…
Read moreJohn Harland
bicycle technician
Perhaps the clarity of science is a function of the limits of its scope. We get our clearest results from simplifying the problem, perhaps to the point of absurdity.
It is easy to obtain clear data when you exclude the complexity of real life.
Humanities are generally the study of complex phenomena that are not amenable to such simplification and abstaction.
That is not to claim that science is bunk, nor that all humanities studies are necessarily more or less rigorous than science. Only that it makes no sense to sneer at one from the viewpoint of the other.
Craig Minns
Self-employed
Johanne, notwithstanding Mark's quote, I'd say that ideas which are unable to be falsified are at best guides to further study. In scientific endeavour this is not a problem, since the scientist understands that the way science progresses is by hypothesis, test, re-hypothesise, etc. A "wrong" idea is inherently valuable because it adds to the sum of knowledge once tested.
The problem that the author describes is almost exclusively one for the humanities, especially the social fields. It is inevitable…
Read moreBruce Caithness
Retiree
Truth is objective.
Statements are either true or they are not and even if they are true I am not at all certain that we know it.
Our attempts to "know" aim at truth but it is a regulative principle rather than an achievable goal.
Science is born in a broth of metaphysics - there are many true metaphysical statements, but again there is no way to know if they are true. If we give up on the ideal of "certain" truth we can settle for a humbler goal: to make our statements potentially falsifiable.
We may never have "reasons" but we do have reason - we reject verifiability but we do value testability, even if it hurts.
James Jenkin
EFL Teacher Trainer
A really interesting article Peter. I love the 'fallacy of deepest offence' - I always wondered what to call that phenomenon!
What is the responsibility for teachers regarding their own world outlook, that may permeate everything they teach? For example, I might believe that human activity is damaging the world, or that human activity makes the world a better place. I could choose empirical evidence for either viewpoint.
Should I therefore be aware of both perspectives, and present them as equally as possible?
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
I would argue that it is the responsibility of teachers to present both perspectives, and to provide arguments in favour of both points of view. It is then their role to teach them how to analyse these perspectives, and logical flaws in arguments.
I would suggest that the sign of an educated person is someone who can consecutively convincingly persuade two different people of the merits of opposing views.
Unfortunately I see little evidence that many teachers take this approach.
In fact, I have seen a number of cases where teachers direct students to a social activist website, that provides students with so-called facts and then directs them to contact a third party supporting their point of view.
Peter Ellerton
Lecturer in Critical Thinking at University of Queensland
Hi James. Well, I reckon that's fraught with danger too... it's easy to give up quality control for the sake of equal representation. But then, how does a teacher know when they cross the line? I'm thinking this one for the next article :)
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
"In my opinion" is an often useful preposition for teachers or "it is the policy of".
The student then knows the source of the opinion.
Remember that students also are bombarded with the opinions of their parents, their friends, FM radio (including Kyle Sandilands), TV (including Today Tonight), magazines (including Kim Kardashian and One Direction).
This is a highly recommended comment.
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
Philip, you make a good point in the relative value of information. My greatest battle is to get my students to weigh up the value of evidence in order to advance their clinical practice. To a naive student homeopathy and anecdote is no different from EBM.
Read moreI have to admit I regularly precede my didactic teaching with 'the evidence suggests' or 'my opinion is' . The on.y time I would say 'this is....' is with something pretty well tested, like the basis of infections, gross anatomy etc. this way…
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
I'm glad that you mentioned homeopathy, Sean.
The science teachers and other teachers who consider their opinions so well-informed apparently need homeopathy, Chinese herbal remedies, shaitsu, myotherapy and of course aromatherapy.
No doubt they make mention of these health remedies as they warn of the dangers of climate change.
http://www.teachershealth.com.au/our-products/combined-cover/coreelect/
Seamus Gardiner
Citizen
Yeah that's pretty interesting. I wonder how much control they have over the services provided by this health fund, how much they access the Non evidence based heathcare component and whether they are forced to join?
Guy Curtis
Senior Lecturer at School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University
One problem of course is the problem of the underdetermination of theory by data, which ultimately leads to the conclusion that there are not just "both" perspectives to consider but infinite possible (if often implausible) theories that may explain any set of data. It is not a rational or desirable response to this problem to try to consider every possibility (particularly extremely implausible ones).
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
Teachers are not forced to join.
Some teachers have queried these services. Despite this, they continue, bumping up the cost to members.
Christopher White
PhD candidate
An interesting article and one that raises an issue exemplified in my own undergraduate experience. I undertook Philosophy as half of a double major, a subject in which conversation and argument is not only encouraged, it is required. Nevertheless, I regularly found myself the only person responding, or at least the one who kicked off virtually every conversation in the first few weeks. Even when other students eventually began to speak, there were some who remained entirely silent throughout the…
Read moreLizzie Summerfield
PhD candidate
I agree entirely with the principled point you are making Ian. But I think academic debate is an example of how disinterested exchange about differing ideas is sometimes debased into a personalised challenge that seeks to connect the person and their (generally flawed) way of thinking. Disciplinary chauvinism thrives on this unfortunate connection. We also see evidence of that too is parliamentary debate reinforced by the media's deliveryof political debate as personal, often hurtful, battle…
Read moreThis is a highly recommended comment.
Sue Ieraci
Public hospital clinician
Thank you for this essay, Peter. For me, this is summed up as "You are entitled to your own opinions, but not your own facts."
We seem to be living in a post-modernist "all ideas hold equal value" culture, where the climate scientist's opinion is given equal weight with any of ours, or Joe Bloggs down the street. Like you say, Peter, the people have equal validity, but the ideas might not. I don't have expertise in climate science - therefore I choose to accept the view of the majority of people…
Read moreThis is a highly recommended comment.
Guy Curtis
Senior Lecturer at School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University
False balance - the idea that all stories have two equal sides both of which should be aired - is a problem in the media and should be avoided in the classroom. Just because opposing ideas exist it does not mean they need equal time, consideration, or respect. It would be an absolute joke to give alchemy and chemists equal time in science, or flat vs round Earth theories. For one thing, giving undue regard to bad ideas wastes time within tight curricula for teaching established theories and facts…
Read moreSeamus Gardiner
Citizen
Thanks for the article, Peter. I too like the 'fallacy of deepest offence' as a principle...
Russell Walton
Russell Walton is a Friend of The Conversation.
Retired
I agree that "Deepest Offence" is a fallacious argument, however we're not all learned philosophers discussing an issue in a collegiate atmosphere. For some people their creed is their identity. Out here, in the real world, any teacher who challenges a student's religious beliefs is vulnerable to accusations of excluding certain ethnic/religious minorities and charges of racism.
Peter Ellerton
Lecturer in Critical Thinking at University of Queensland
Hi Russell. Yup, I agree. I taught in schools for 20 years from public to private across all sorts of socio-economic conditions and have faced it many times. Thing is, it's not what you put out there as truth, it's what questions you ask. I don't suggest challenging students' religious beliefs (nothing in the article focuses on that), but I do suggest that the art and right of questioning can be managed in most contexts.
Russell Walton
Russell Walton is a Friend of The Conversation.
Retired
Peter,
I should have been more explicit, what I should have written is that, there are mores and ethical standards associated with religions that might prove a trap for any teacher- a discussion on gender equality is an obvious example.
Teachers these days must need a formidable array of 'interpersonal skills'.
I hope your optimism is justified.
I heard AC Grayling interviewed on the subject of "All ideas are not equal", very informative.
Rajan Venkataraman
Citizen
Thanks Peter. I can't find anything to disagree with in your article, but I wonder just how real is this phenomenon of un-criticisable ideas - or, as you put it, 'the fallacy of deepest offence'. You don't present examples of this occuring. At least in our society, I can't think of too many ideas that are shielded from scrutiny, counter-argument and ridicule.
Mark Harrigan
Dr
Rajan, I would suggest Peter is not saying there are too many ideas beyind scrutiny, just a few people who act as if there should be - meaning that when ideas they hold are subject to scrutiny they take it as a personal attack, possibly because their identity is too closely bound up in their ideas. Though to be fair possibly sometimes because the people attacking their "idea" make it a personal attack.
It's how to improve the public (and private) discourse to recognise and avoid this issue that I would suggest this article is aiming at - especially in the classroom?
Rajan Venkataraman
Citizen
Mark, I suspect you're right. That being the case, I think the article is a bit less profound than it perhaps purports to be. To say that for some people their ideas are tied up with their identities is pretty straight-forward. I suspect in fact that that applies to all of us. Similarly, to say that some people react strongly when some of their most cherished ideas are questioned is a truism. In fact, I sometimes think it is a healthy thing that, before attacking other people's ideas, we remind ourselves that receiving a blood-nose in return is a real possibility (the absence of this caution is a reason I believe why on-line debate can get so out of hand).
Sue Ieraci
Public hospital clinician
Hi, Rajan. I didn't see evidence of the author purporting to write something "profound" - I see this topic as very practical.
We can all give our views, but, in areas that lend themselves to empirical verification, we can't all expect our views to be seen to have equal validity.
Anti-intellectualism in the name of "rights" and "equality" is still anti-intellectualism. People tend to know and understand stuff in their areas of training and practice better than those outside that area. Insight requires us to recognise which are those areas for ourselves. Nothing profound about that, is there?
Rajan Venkataraman
Citizen
I suppose that's true Sue. I suppose it never hurts to remind ourselves that all our ideas can and should be subject to scrutiny when we air them in the public domain. And also that, while not holding back in our scrutiny of the ideas of others, we should at the same time be courteous when doing so, mindful of the value that we all place in our most cherished ideas and prejudices.
Sue Ieraci
Public hospital clinician
I agree in principle, Rajan, but, when arguments become repetitive or frustrating, it can be difficult to resist the odd touch of irony.
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
I can.
FGM never occurs in Australia. Discuss.
http://theconversation.edu.au/time-for-change-the-harms-of-female-genital-cutting-8117
Craig Minns
Self-employed
Phillip, not sure of the relevance, but speaking for myself I find it hard to get worked up about something that is a small problem numerically, even if the outcome for those few is poor.
Presumably you're trying to make a point about certain subjects being taboo for discussion, but I don't think that FGM is a good example. There is a great deal of discussion about the topic, but it always boils down to "they shouldn't orta do it" and that's where it stops. How is it to be stopped is something that I've not yet seen answered convincingly.
Mark Christensen
Social commentator
Excellent piece, Peter, though you don't go on to the logical, paradoxical conclusion.
A commitment to the truth as a process of weeding out bad ideas and beliefs, of being forever vigilant, leaves us without closure, without anything to cling to, other than the journey. There is always a less false answer out there, but never a final one (or are you suggesting that Socratic dialogue will one day be no longer needed?).
While this may foster acceptance and tolerance, it comes at the price of nihilism and anomie. Hence the willingness of so many to attached to "the truth". The human need for a shared meaning, a destination that is no longer open to doubt, is an unavoidable part of truth-seeking, albeit one that conflicts with our radically sceptical reality.
This is a highly recommended comment.
Ryan Wittingslow
PhD student in Film and Philosophy at University of Sydney
Not a comment, but an observation:
I've had the pleasure of teaching undergraduate philosophy for the past few years, and I've found that one of the most effective ways to challenge students is to ask them to defend ideas in their essays that they themselves do not support. I tell them that don't care about what they believe; on the contrary, I am far more interested in what they think.
Of course, teaching someone to be a scholar isn't about gormlessly indulging their beliefs; rather, it succeeds or fails on convincing someone that they should not be precious about the value of opinion. For my first year epistemology classes, the revelation that opinion is not sacrosanct - and, moreover, that opinion can be wrong - is, more often than not, a relief.
Bruce Caithness
Retiree
Science is the metaphysics that has appended the critical method: that has evolved in terms of truth testing. Some problems are trivial, some are complex. The use of falsifiability for demarcation of science and non-science liberates metaphysics and the creative imagination and "science" from the the false barrier of meaning and meaninglessness. It is an injunction to unpack our knowledge claims by turning them into objects that can be stress-tested, potentially by anyone. Meaning is important, truth…
Read moreJohn Harland
bicycle technician
The test result I was proudest of at school was the zero I scored for Religious Instruction.
The teacher (a local clegyman) taught a strongly episcopalian version of Christianity that sat ill with my own beliefs. The zero mark was pretty much because I stated my beliefs rather than parotting his beliefs on the exam.
At a less-extreme level this occurred at University, in science subjects. Although we were told that argument was respected, it was those who reproduced the opinions of the lecturers…
Read morePhilip Dowling
IT teacher
Now that I have mentioned FGM this discussion will be shut down ?
Philip Dowling
IT teacher
Dead Catholic priests are the latest subject of investigations. Fancy touching up a young girl's vagina.
Cutting off all the labia. Another example of innovative cultural practices.
Peter Redshaw
Retired
What an odd idea to have, that all ideas are equal. All ideas should be examined and debated on their merit, but that does not make them equal. In fact, I would argue, far from it. Knowledge is built on the process of not only debate, but the verifiability of such knowledge. And that process is built on the understanding that knowledge as we know it can change over time the known knowledge is built on.
After all it was not that long ago in human history that the knowledge of the day told…
Read moreJohn Harland
bicycle technician
It seems reasonable to suppose that, like genes or behaviours, the value of particular ideas will depend on the circumstances.
Many of the genes and behaviours that have helped humanity evolve to this point are now seen as deleterious.
Within a context, we can presume to judge the relative value of different ideas. We cannot be correct in making an absolute judgement.
Peter Redshaw
Retired
John I am not a Geneticist, but I think we are in the very, very early days of understanding not only the value or importance of certain genes to us but also their interconnectability. We still understand very little about why some genes are turned on and why others are turned off, but geneticist's are starting to learn that a function in our bodies relies on the interaction of multiple genes.
As for absolutes in science, the speed of light is about as close to an absolute as we can get within science and even that challenged by scientists. And as we have seen with all ideas they have all been shown to be flawed even if it is only because we as humans are flawed.
Clara Ng
Pre-service teacher
Who actually thought that all ideas are equal? What about values/attitudes? Definitely not equal. Political correctness and liberalism at its worst