Rio+20: Small steps could get us out of the climate quicksand

Yesterday, Nick Rowley looked at the history of sustainability agreements and why we’ve reached the impasse of Rio+20. Today he suggests a different approach. Back in November 2005, your perspective on the Kyoto Protocol was the shorthand way to judge your climate change bona fides. Even express constructive…

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Big, ambitious strides aren’t the way to escape from this mess. EPA/Zsolt Szigetvary

Yesterday, Nick Rowley looked at the history of sustainability agreements and why we’ve reached the impasse of Rio+20. Today he suggests a different approach.

Back in November 2005, your perspective on the Kyoto Protocol was the shorthand way to judge your climate change bona fides. Even express constructive criticism of the existing treaty arrangements under Kyoto and you ran the risk of being pilloried by environmental advocates as some sinister force of darkness.

In that month, UK Prime Minister Tony Blair convened the first meeting of the G8+5 group of nations at Lancaster House, a grand Victorian building behind London’s Mall. The delegates came together to discuss how to achieve a more effective international response to the climate problem. Delegates from all G8 nations and the rapidly developing economies of Mexico, South Africa, China, India and Brazil attended. It was an early move in crafting the case for a more effective global climate treaty with the right group of decision makers.

In his presentation, Blair stated the case for “a post Kyoto agreement”. Given that the provisions of the protocol only lasted until 2012, this was a perfectly clear and rational way to describe what was required. Fifteen minutes later, the heads of two of the world’s best-known environmental organisations were on the phone talking the language of “betrayal”. The front page of two broadsheet newspapers spoke of the Prime Minister having “rejected” Kyoto.

The story simply illustrates the enduring immaturity of environmental politics. Just at the point when the captain has assembled a team with the skill and ability to win, the fans berate him for his pre-match team talk, undermining his authority and making some of the star recruits wonder why they bothered to turn up.

Genuine, lasting progress on these issues can only be achieved when governments and political leaders see them as central. The Rio+20 conference later this week comes as a footnote to the G20 in Mexico. Some heads of state will be stopping off on their way home. Many won’t. Economy first, sustainability second; it’s every G20 leader’s itinerary.

The choreography of major United Nations conferences is now well rehearsed. First, compelling scientific research reveals the parlous state of the world’s natural environment and systems. Second, there are demands for a more effective global political response to these problems. Third, there are revelations of the lack of political consensus and the potential breakdown of negotiations around an agreed text, followed by the final act: an eleventh hour agreement on text describing a process for reaching future agreement.

The UN meeting in Bali in 2007 agreed on two years to establish a more adequate global climate treaty. At Copenhagen, individual states pledged their future commitments through the Copenhagen Accord. In South Africa last year the “Durban Platform” agreed that a legally binding treaty would be established in 2015 and be implemented in 2020.

And so it will be at Rio+20. A text will, at the last moment, be agreed. Having sustainable development goals similar to the Millennium Development Goals has merit, but it will be agreement to future commitment. Words without finance and institutional capacity run the risk of being forgotten until the next meeting.

There are many reasons for this merry dance. Richer countries have the wealth and capacity to adopt new low emissions technologies, infrastructure and processes. Countries such as Brazil, China, India and South Africa, in the midst of their first experience of rapid industrial development, are understandably unreceptive to taking lessons from the Europeans. These divisions are powerful. They are born of political economy, history and culture: factors that will not be overcome by agreements at any single point in time.

Despite all the evidence of the potentially catastrophic future effects of climate change, and catastrophic climate events such as the current drought in the Sahel, many are a long way from accepting the psychological truth that humanity is a major driver of these events. Humanity, so long striving to contain and master the power of our natural systems, is now undermining the global dynamics that sustain us. This is highly confronting for our ethical, religious and personal values. Even among those who “accept” the scientific evidence, it is hard to make the personal, policy or business decisions consistent with that acceptance.

These tensions, and this complexity, means we have yet to establish a mature and consistent environmental politics, and with it the policies and incentives that these global problems require. Very few, if any, of the signatories to the text coming out of Rio this week accept that their state’s performance on emissions reduction and clean growth should be, or will become, the fundamental criteria whereby countries and economies are assessed over the coming century.

Nobel prize winning political scientist Elinor Ostrom understood these dynamics well. Before her death last week she, more than anyone else, assessed and described a path towards more a more effective international response to global problems such as climate change.

For Ostrom, the progress to agreement must be incremental, tangible and measureable. No single approach adopted at a global scale can generate sufficient trust between governments. It is only decisions and deeds at the multiple levels of firms, investors together with national, state and local governments that will now drive the response to the climate problem.

Having spent my time working at the pointy end of international climate negotiations I now accept that Ostrom is right: the international architecture of agreement will not be built by negotiators working for sovereign governments on text-based agreements, but by multiple stakeholders.

Rio+20 will conclude. The stages will be dismantled and those attending will return home. Yet the most significant decisions will not be taken beneath the chandeliers of Lancaster House, vast Brazilian plenary halls or political back rooms. They are already being taken by sovereign governments such as South Korea who have a five year plan focused on green growth; corporations like General Electric whose business strategy is founded on developing and commercialising clean, low carbon technology and infrastructure and investors who, in 2011, provided more than $250 billion for new renewable energy projects. There are other examples, there need to be more, but the trends are encouraging.

International diplomacy is no longer the means to place climate and sustainability at the core of international geo-politics. Yet I am optimistic. It is new affiliations between investors, entrepreneurs, city governments and regional alliances between States, that will demonstrate the environmental, economic and human benefits of more efficient, clean, low emissions activities and so defeat political and policy complacency and create the momentum for meaningful, enduring international agreement.

Join the conversation

40 Comments sorted by

  1. Comment removed by moderator.

  2. Marc Hendrickx

    Geologist

    in regard to recent " climate disasters" "psychological truth" referred to above is much easier to sell than scientific truth. The later finds these events not linked with CAGW.

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    1. In reply to Gerard Dean

      Comment removed by moderator.

    2. markus fitzhenry

      logged in via LinkedIn

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      "psychological truth"?

      Judith Curry considers the psychology of those promoting such truths with this comment.

      'Somebody needs to research the sociology and psychology of people that insist that anyone that does not accept AGW as a rationale for massive CO2 mitigation efforts is a “denier.” The complexity of skepticism (ranging from multiple aspects of the science, to the impacts that can be attributable to AGW and whether or not they are “dangerous” to the policies proposed for CO2 mitigation) seems to be completely missed by all of the “scholars” writing articles about ‘deniers’. The argued point “A sizeable (and growing) proportion of the public in Western democracies deny the existence of anthropogenic climate change” should provide a clue to these people that something is fundamentally wrong with their thinking."

      Ouch!

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    3. Mike Swinbourne

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      I note that there are 3 comments in response to Marc Hendrickx which have been removed by the moderator.

      While I didn't see them, l assume that the reason they were removed was because they contained personal comments or bad language. But might I also suggest to the moderators that the time has come to start removing the comments from Marc as well. We should have open debate, but Marc's predictable diatribes against climate change are becoming tiresome.

      The post above contributes nothing to the discussion, and is just the usual 'its all a lie'. Perhaps if Marc was to contribue something of substance we might all start taking him a little more seriously and there would be less posts which require moderation.

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    4. markus fitzhenry

      logged in via LinkedIn

      In reply to Mike Swinbourne

      When you assume something Mike you are usually incorrect. The three comments removed were friendly and respectful banter amongst friends, and off topic.

      For consistency the MODS should also remove yours and mine. But, no doubt prejudice will get in the way of that.

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    5. Mike Swinbourne

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to markus fitzhenry

      Thank you Markus.

      Perhaps that was an error in the orginal article. The author should have used "...the scientific truth that humanity is a major driver of these events...", rather than using "psychological truth", for that is what it is.

      I would like to know the source of your quote from JC, so I can see it in context. But if the quote itself is stand alone, then I suggest she either misunderstands the issue, or is deliberately mistating it.

      People who do not accept AGW as a rationale for…

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    6. markus fitzhenry

      logged in via LinkedIn

      In reply to Mike Swinbourne

      Hi Mike,

      Without going into the actual physics of gas laws and downwelling LWR, of which less than 1% of readers here would understand, the scientific method has not yet been satisfied for the sensitivity of CO2 on climate to the extent that it is a climate driver.

      It is not enough to suggest that the science evidence thus far meets the rigor of the scientific method without the empirical data needed to substantiate it as a fact. Simulations are not accepted as real world evidence.

      "when…

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    7. Marc Hendrickx

      Geologist

      In reply to Mike Swinbourne

      Glad to know that by your definition I am not a "denier" as I fully accept human influence on the climate. The issue which you seem to forget is the degree, the impact and how to manage it. The later three remain open to considerable debate.

      By the way the C in CAGW stands for "catastrophic".

      As to your calls for censoring my comments. If you want to have a debate or a conversation then there needs to be another side, unless you are into meaningless head nodding.

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    8. Marc Hendrickx

      Geologist

      In reply to markus fitzhenry

      She's quite on the ball,,, and yet despite her willingless to engage, the editor's here have refrained from publishing her!

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    9. Gary Murphy

      Independent Thinker

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      Well, I'm no expert but some of the worst-case scenarios are very scary indeed. The earth's climate is obviously very complex and it is very difficult to predict what a marked change in greenhouse gases will do - short-term and long-term.

      I guess it all depends on whether you think we should be gambling with the climate of our only planet or whether we should play it safe and try and keep things the same.

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    10. Mike Swinbourne

      logged in via Facebook

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      Well Mark, its good to know that you accept that humans are influencing the climate, which appears to be at odds with many of your comments in the past.
      And you are correct - the degree, effects and mitigation strategies are open to debate. I don't think that anyone with any credibility would disagree with that position.
      Of course, if you really believe that, then you should be consistent and accept that catastrophic change is also a possibility. If you doubt that, perhaps you should act accordingly…

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    11. Mike Hansen

      Mr

      In reply to markus fitzhenry

      markus,
      You need to talk to fellow denier Marc Hendrickx so you are both singing from the same hymn sheet.

      He kindly supplied this link to Schmittner et al below. This is one of many scientific papers on climate sensitivity. Marc seems to think its a beauty.
      http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6061/1385.short

      "Schmittner et al. believe they have found low probabilities for both very high and very low equilibrium climate sensitivities, and their best-fit model sensitivity is 2.4°C for doubled…

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    12. Marc Hendrickx

      Geologist

      In reply to Mike Hansen

      Mike (The sky has fallen, kookite ) Hansen. Again what am I guilty of denying?

      Which song sheet? Seems only the Kookites feel they need to sing the same tune. I'm happy to have a multitude of opinions expressed.

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    13. In reply to Mike Hansen

      Comment removed by moderator.

    14. markus fitzhenry

      logged in via LinkedIn

      In reply to Mike Hansen

      Er, Mike,

      'Maximum with climate model simulations, we estimate a lower median (2.3 K) and reduced uncertainty (1.7 to 2.6 K as the 66% probability range, which can be widened using alternate assumptions or data subsets). Assuming that paleoclimatic constraints apply to the future, as predicted by our model, these results imply a lower probability of imminent extreme climatic change than previously thought.'

      Two points, actually 3;

      1 paleoclimatic
      2.

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    15. Mike Hansen

      Mr

      In reply to markus fitzhenry

      Er markus.

      You claimed that there was no scientific research on climate sensitivity.

      You appear to have changed your mind.

      Yes I have read the paper. What are you arguing now?

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    16. markus fitzhenry

      logged in via LinkedIn

      In reply to Marc Hendrickx

      Er, Mike,

      'Maximum with climate model simulations, we estimate a lower median (2.3 K) and reduced uncertainty (1.7 to 2.6 K as the 66% probability range, which can be widened using alternate assumptions or data subsets). Assuming that paleoclimatic constraints apply to the future, as predicted by our model, these results imply a lower probability of imminent extreme climatic change than previously thought.'
      Two points, actually 3;

      1. Paleoclimatic
      2. Models
      3. Sceptical…

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    17. In reply to Mike Hansen

      Comment removed by moderator.

    18. Gary Murphy

      Independent Thinker

      In reply to Mike Hansen

      Thanks for the skepticalscience link Mike.

      So basically whichever study you look at - the temperature increase that results from a doubling of CO2 is approaching the temperature difference between now and the last LGM. Have I got that right?

      And the difference in sea levels between the last LGM and now is about 120M?

      Sounds pretty catastrophic to me. Not a risk worth taking if it can be avoided.

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    19. Mike Hansen

      Mr

      In reply to Gary Murphy

      More or less Gary. There was a decades long debate among climate scientists about the extent of the temperature rise between the LGM and now which is discussed at length in Bill Ruddiman's book, Earth's Climate Past and Future. Turns out the figure varies across the globe.

      Schmitter et al's modelling used the lower end - about 2.6C which then gave the lower climate sensitivity.

      But if they are right then a small ~ 2-3C rise in temperature is going to have as dramatic effect as the change from the LGM to now.

      The deniers like the Schmittner paper because they can quote the lower sensitivity and omit the facts about the more dramatic effect from a smaller global temperature rise. But then that is why they are called deniers.

      This is what Schmittner said about the paper
      "Very small changes in temperature cause huge changes in certain regions, so even if we get a smaller temperature rise than we expected, the knock-on effects would still be severe."

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    20. markus fitzhenry

      logged in via LinkedIn

      In reply to Mike Hansen

      No Mike,

      You've lost yourself in a myriad of religious ideology.
      Sorry mate, we have have come to the stage where our conversation finishes, least I get dumbed down.

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  3. Gerard Dean

    Managing Director

    It is refreshing to see Mr Rowley has accepted Copenahagen was a failure and has the foresight realise that Rio is a joke.

    Heaven knows why Rio de Janeiro was chosen as the venue, after all it is anything but a sustainable city. Its population is exploding with a fifth of it's inhabitants living in favela's (slums) mired in mud, poverty and crime. Its public transport system is almost entirely based on worn out, smoke belching buses.

    Thousands of politicians, environmental activists and…

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  4. Fred Pribac

    logged in via email @internode.on.net

    My personal experience is that there is significant willpower to deal with climate change issues at the coalface between local government, community and small business and this accords with Nick Rowley's concluding paragraph.

    But ... effective action is frustratingly hampered by entrenched beurocratic strictures at all levels of governance and issues of short term economic compromise and liability arising from climate change adaptation or mitigation measures. However, I believe the biggest impediment to government action remains the disingenuous fog from the big end of town coupled with a ruinous media barrage of falsehoods and distortions levelled against climate change science and scientists!

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  5. Roger Edgbaston

    Apparatchik

    The dilemma is -- most environmental issues don't respect political boundaries. This is especially true on the climate control question. Until the UN's processes gain the respect of a broader constituency -- emissions reduction initiatives will be driven on a country by country basis. ( rock on Combet)

    Unfortunately the UN has become a puffed-up organisation full of careerist busy-bodies forever seeking supposed consensus. But ultimately it's a toothless if not an outright useless hydra-headed organisation. I have seen it at work through the UNDP in Africa. The functionaries never get away from the cocktail bar in the capital cities even when their mission is to fix blindness in the bush.

    BTW - that's where I am with Bjorn Lomborg - lets get our global priorities straight - otherwise we are just doing a King Canute on climate

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  6. Peter Lang

    Retired geologist and engineer

    “There are many reasons for this merry dance. Richer countries have the wealth and capacity to adopt new low emissions technologies, infrastructure and processes.”

    True. But economically rational solutions are precluded by the Greens,e nvironmentalists and the so called ‘environmental NGO’s’.

    Until these groups are prepared to give up trying to prescribe their economically irrational policy solutions, no progress will be made.

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    1. In reply to Peter Lang

      Comment removed by moderator.

    2. In reply to Mike Hansen

      Comment removed by moderator.

    3. In reply to Mike Hansen

      Comment removed by moderator.