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Cows typically get over avian flu in a couple of weeks, but it’s an economic blow for farms. AP Photo/Charlie Litchfield

How bird flu virus fragments get into milk sold in stores, and what the spread of H5N1 in cows means for the dairy industry and milk drinkers

Five livestock experts who study infectious diseases in the dairy industry explain the risks as the FDA announces that about 20% of milk sampled so far from stores across the US tested positive.
Each subtle cultural or personal twist to a fermented dish is felt by your body’s microbial community. microgen/iStock via Getty Images

Fermented foods sustain both microbiomes and cultural heritage

From kimchi to kombucha and sauerkraut to sourdough, many traditional food staples across cultures make use of fermentation. And these variations are reflected in your microbiome.
Genetic analysis of the bacteria causing surgical site infections revealed that many were already present on the patient’s skin. Ruben Bonilla Gonzalo/Moment via Getty Images

Infections after surgery are more likely due to bacteria already on your skin than from microbes in the hospital − new research

Most infection prevention guidelines center on the hospital environment rather than the patient. But the source of antibiotic-resistant microbes is often from the patient’s own body.