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Articles on Significant Terms

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Tech billionaire Dustin Mosovitz is one of the world’s wealthiest effective altruists. Patricia de Melo Moreira/AFP via Getty Images

What’s effective altruism? A philosopher explains

The term, coined in 2011, refers to people who seek to use their money and time to make as much progress as possible toward solving the world’s most pressing problems.
Alec Baldwin accidentally shot and killed a cinematographer, Halyna Hutchins, in late 2021 while filming a movie in New Mexico. AP Photo/Jae C. Hong

What is involuntary manslaughter? A law professor explains the charge facing Alec Baldwin for ‘Rust’ shooting death

To convict Alec Baldwin of manslaughter for the on-set deadly shooting of Halyna Hutchins in 2021, prosecution will need to show that the actor was either reckless or criminally negligent.
There are many environmental, social and governance principles worth considering. ArtemisDiana/iStock via Getty Images Plus

What does ESG mean? Two business scholars explain what environmental, social and governance standards and principles are

Many investors and corporations believe that accounting for the impact that businesses have on the environment, society as a whole and their own workforces benefits their bottom line.
Given the complexity of polycules, it’s important for participants to be on the same page. Nikki Kahn/The Washington Post via Getty Images

What’s a polycule? An expert on polyamory explains

FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried, his on-and-off girlfriend, Caroline Ellison, and others involved in the company were reportedly in a polycule together.
The vast majority of Buddhists in historical and contemporary times have been followers of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Fred de Noyelle / Godong/Stone via Getty Images

What is Mahāyāna Buddhism? A scholar of Buddhism explains

The Mahāyāna branch of Buddhism likely emerged around the first centuries A.D. and was most readily carried through the Silk Road and maritime trade routes.
Insect bites or stings, like the one on this person’s hand, are a manifestation of inflammation. Suthep Wongkhad/EyeEm via Getty Images

What is inflammation? Two immunologists explain how the body responds to everything from stings to vaccination and why it sometimes goes wrong

Inflammation is a complicated and important part of how the immune system responds to threats to the body. But when the inflammatory response goes awry, it can lead to serious problems.
Boddhisatva Avalokiteśvara, considered to be a compassionate protector, is believed to regularly visit Earth. taikrixel/ via iStock Getty Images Plus

What is a bodhisattva? A scholar of Buddhism explains

Buddhists believe that bodhisattvas reside in heavenly realms but can also appear on Earth disguised as humans, animals or other types of beings.
A raccoon with a fish at the Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary in Naples, Fla. Michael Siluk/UCG/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

What is a wetland? An ecologist explains

The US Supreme Court opens its 2022-2023 term with a case that could greatly reduce federal protection for wetlands. Here is what makes these ecosystems valuable.
Blockchain transactions are carried in blocks. The amount of energy it takes to add a new block varies widely depending on how it’s done. Yuichiro Chino/Moment via Getty Images

What is proof-of-stake? A computer scientist explains a new way to make cryptocurrencies, NFTs and metaverse transactions

Ethereum, one of the world’s largest blockchains and host of decentralized finance, NFTs and billions of dollars’ worth of cryptocurrency, is poised to dramatically reduce its energy consumption.
U.S. banana growers heavily influenced several Central American governments in the early 20th century. George Rinhart/Getty Images

What’s a banana republic? A political scientist explains

The US grows hardly any tropical fruit. So why are politicians and political commentators saying the country is at risk of devolving into a banana republic?
President Ronald Reagan, shown here speaking in Moscow in 1980, was an early adopter of neoliberalism in the U.S. Dirck Halstead/Liaison

What is neoliberalism? A political scientist explains the use and evolution of the term

The word ‘neoliberal’ gets thrown around a lot, often with differing and even contradictory meanings. Here, a political economist explains the origins and evolution of this complex concept.
Pickup trucks creep through flood waters in Richland, Miss., following a morning of torrential rains in August 2022. AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis

What is a flash flood? A civil engineer explains

Flash flooding can happen in both urban and rural areas, with deadly results in either setting.

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