Morality police first appeared in Iran soon after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. But similar forces were present in parts of the Middle East even prior to the date.
A scholar of Iranian politics explains how Iranians have organized resistance movements for the past several decades while risking arrest and public flogging.
The conflict between Iran and the US has gone on for decades. A scholar of social movements in Iran asks why the US has consistently failed to support that country’s activist reform movements.