Enforcement of binary gender norms has led to unwanted medical interventions on intersex and cisgender children.
Javier Valenzuela/EyeEm via Getty Images
The first transgender medical clinic opened in the US in the 1960s. But cisgender and intersex children began receiving similar treatments even earlier – often without their consent.
Portrait of De Lacy Evans and his wife (1870)
State Library Victoria
In the 19th century there was no formal or medical process for gender transition. When people crossed gender categories, they did so socially, sometimes for their entire lifetimes.