FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION: The rise of online and blended learning and the development of free online courses is set to transform the higher education sector. We’ve asked our authors how to remake the university sector so it can best respond to this revolution.
For two weeks, we’ll be running a selection of their responses. The series will conclude later this month with a panel discussion in Canberra co-hosted with the Office for Learning and Teaching and involving the Minister for Tertiary Education, Chris Evans.
The steady measured progress of innovation in higher education has been replaced with an explosion of new ideas. The change is both exhilarating and frightening. Each day there are new innovations, as more and more experts explain where these changes might take us.
New ideas are flourishing around Massive Open Online Courses or MOOCs, badging, portfolios, assessment, and other ways of extracting value and efficiency from the digital learning experience. Just six months ago most of us had never heard of MOOCs, but if you search for this very odd acronym now you get a flood of results.
Much of the digital innovation so far has come from the United States, but what about Australia? There are some urgent questions around whether we, too, are able to nurture innovation.
Regulation and restriction
There is, at the moment, a reasonably rigid regulatory environment for Australian universities: the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) is the regulator and the Australian Qualifications Framework Council (AQFC) sets the framework within which we must operate.
There are rules, for example, about the volume of learning and the time required to receive an award. But will these rules matter with the transition to online self-paced learning?
Currently incorporating new technology within this regulatory framework is difficult. For example, I’ve been trying to get digital badges to count towards the testamur; and using micro badges as a way to build interesting portfolios for those who do not want whole degrees. Shoehorning some of these innovations into the Australian Regulatory Framework is testing.
And what if they don’t fit? There will be risks in trying out new ideas and providing students with a better flexible, mobile education. But the bigger risk might well be sticking with the old paradigm. Our students may look elsewhere for other institutions, whether they be here or abroad, online or face-to-face.
How TEQSA, the Standards Panel and the AQFC get up to speed on these new disruptive innovations must be a consideration for anyone about to launch their own MOOC or looking to reconfigure their award content and accreditation.
Challenges ahead
There are two other challenges that I see as potential barriers to Australian-driven innovation.
The first is the short supply of venture capital to test new ideas. For example, Coursera, the current darling of the new disruptive environment, was started through venture capital in the US. It enabled them to develop a stylish and flexible new learning platform which has set a new standard.
Coursera, along with other groups like EdX have an exclusivity that means prestige is assured. So far, only top ranked universities can join, which means only a few institutions from Australia. Like the very rich who marry within a small cohort of similar families, with MOOCs the Ivy League and the Sandstones are likely to only partner up with each other.
While it’s a good signal that our best institutions are accepted into companies such as Coursera, what are we, the large majority who actually educate the wider population doing to develop and foster our own new teaching and learning tools? The game is slowly changing with some MOOC platforms becoming more flexible about who they partner up with. But we need to find ways to access capital and soon, or risk being left behind.
Risky business
The second challenge is risk aversion, which in a way comes back to regulation. The appetite to try the new, to innovate always has some pain. Introducing new things into a class of second year students is sometimes met with howls of despair and the associated drop in satisfaction recorded in our evaluation systems.
As education institutions, we have become slaves to getting a “good” score. We need to be braver. This does not mean being fool hardy and it does not mean using our classrooms, in the cloud or on location, for hasty experiments.
But it does mean we should be looking at ensuring our students learn in ways that will demonstrate their skills and enable them to be successful in the new economy.
Our old ways will not wash anymore and if we don’t change, our students will go elsewhere. The cloud, which enables international providers to engage our students for education and credit, is but a click away.
Will Rogers famously summed it up: “even if you are on the right track, you will get run over if you just sit there”. The paradigm shift is occurring and we all, educators, regulators and governors, need to be thinking and innovating with an increased appetite for risk – or we will be run over.
We’d love you to take part: leave your comments, join the discussion on twitter.com/conversationEDU, facebook.com/conversationEDU.
This is part one of our series on the Future of Higher Education. You can read other instalments by clicking the links below:
Part two: MOOCs and exercise bikes – more in common than you’d think, Phillip Dawson and Robert Nelson
Part three: How Australian universities can play in the MOOCs market, David Sadler
James Jenkin
EFL Teacher Trainer
It's great to read about online innovation. Fingers crossed.
From my experience, a big part of moving to on-line delivery has been about cutting costs. It paints an unrealistic picture if we don't admit this - and don't include it in the discussion.
mixmaxmin
logged in via Twitter
Definitely agree James, but likewise we must include in the discussion the bias by existing institutions to maintain the status quo while regulators usually reinforce the institutional view of the world.
Universities have been too slow in my view to embrace these opportunities and, as you correctly point out the cost cutting angle, that seems to be the main driver at the moment. Chicken and the egg problem again - Did the MOOCs force the cost cuts or did the cost cuts make the MOOCs attractive? Where is the real talk and action around the quality of education?
Ron Chinchen
Retired (ex Probation and Parole Officer)
I suspect the future is on line universities and gradually many of the old institutions will disappear. On-line education is cheaper, more time efficient, more available to the greatest number of potential users, more equitable. Some courses I suspect will require attendance for the practical aspects of a course, but the net opens the door to a vastly more effective means of education, especially as these systems become increasingly interactive and cross linking.
David Healy
Retired
Agree - this is the way we're heading, and it's a good thing.
However, there is something to be said for the face-to-face discussion/debate/argument that occurs (not often enough) in a tertiary environment. Wikis, blogs and Q&A are great, but they are no substitute for face-to-face.
While accepting that geographic and cost restraints are going to make attendance difficult for many, let's hope universities provide opportunities for face-to-face dialogue going forward.
Ron Chinchen
Retired (ex Probation and Parole Officer)
Of course it will be face to face for some aspects. Its just that it will be face to face on computer and no doubt it will make it easier to discuss things face to face with lecturers when you need to (hen they are available of course). But it also gives you far greater opportunity to discuss things face to face with other students and in the comfort of your home over a cup of coffee.
marianne doczi
logged in via Twitter
You say,"We need to be braver. This does not mean being fool hardy and it does not mean using our classrooms, in the cloud or on location, for hasty experiments." Perhaps it might be better to follow the approach of IDEO, the successful American design company: "Fail fast, fail often".
- Soon universities will be enrolling students who have been 'born digital'. What are "we" doing to incorporate digital into their learning experiences to support brains that have been used to interacting online…
Read moreFrank Pollard
Adjunct Associate Professor leadership at Griffith University
I think Marianne mentioned the key word here - incorporate - blended learning that takes full advantage of digital elements seems to be a sensible approach. There is no doubt that online learning is here to stay and that it offers some wonderful benefits. It is also clear that face-to-face learning offers benefits: the opportunity to work with gifted lecturers; the chance to meet and learn with peers. In this context the quality of both lecturers and peers from a learning perspective is vitally important…
Read moremarianne doczi
logged in via Twitter
For the cost (none) and the convenience (total) I got the opportunity to listen to not only lectures from a gifted lecturer but also the people he did video interviews with. There was a class Wiki and discussion boards for 'meeting' with peers. I got up-to-date knowledge without being burdened by dense academic prose, while still having the benefit of research and theories. Having spent many decades having to write in a concise and powerful form, this was a relief.
I can only encourage anyone who is interested in the challenges of 'where to ... ' for current universities from MOOCs to enrol in one. Yes, the standard varies but they are as stimulating and student focused as 'being there'.
Frank Pollard
Adjunct Associate Professor leadership at Griffith University
Marianne, I'm happy that you had this experience but I think you might have missed my point. All I'm saying is:
1) yes, MOOCs are an important addition to the learning space;
2) regardless of the leading edge aspect of this mode of delivery, quality of content is important as ever;
3) attention needs to be continued to be paid to quality of content and delivery, whatever the mode.
Also the internet is as prone to poor quality as any other method of learning delivery.
I would also venture to say:gifted lecturers are not only the domain of the online mode;and dense academic prose can also be found online.
Whilst I find the internet a fantastic environment for all kinds of things, it is yet to replace for me the joy of meeting with and talking to people face-to-face. Sometimes I wonder that rather than connecting us, is the internet disconnecting us as human beings?
Mat Hardy
Lecturer in Middle East Studies at Deakin University
Amen, Frank. The literature overwhelmingly supports a blended approach as delivering the best outcomes and the digital native concept as a fallacy. But what it comes down to is quality: someone who is crap at teaching face to face will be just as crap online. And moving traditional content online is not as effective as designing it to be online in the first place.
Joyce Seitzinger
Lecturer in Blended Learning
Hi Mat and Frank,
Yes, all methods (blended, online, f2f) have their merits and moments and our challenge in higher ed is to come up with the appropriate learning design mix.
However, I think we have a problem to overcome before we do that. And that is that many people in higher ed hold an insidious prejudice that online interactions are "never as good" as face to face. Sometimes they hold this position overtly, and sometimes they are unaware of this prejudice. But it manifests itself in…
Read moreWalter Adamson
logged in via Twitter
Spot on "only when an institution adopts networked learning and working for its staff, that it will be successful in adopting networked learning for its students fully".
And given the quite divisive, political and self-interested cultures in many academic institutions that is going to be a major problem for many - for the majority? There was an article not so long ago in The Age or the AFR where a senior bureaucrat recounted his experiences after retiring and deciding that he would love to share his knowledge and took up quite a good academic post. His point was that it was the all-round worst workplace environment that he had ever encountered in his entire career.
There are most likely some great exceptions. But this point is a very good insight and universities should take heed of this is assessing their readiness for online interaction, for sure.
Frank Pollard
Adjunct Associate Professor leadership at Griffith University
Yes, I agree with you on your preparedness to innovate point, Joyce. Many universities either are very risk averse or do not have the necessary expertise to take advantage of the opportunities available through online learning.
Read moreHowever, I think this is slowly changing. I recently studied a graduate certificate program through OUA offered by the University of Western Australia and it provided a range of online experiences that were quite effective, including group discussions via skype.
In regard…
Joyce Seitzinger
Lecturer in Blended Learning
Hi Frank,
I like the two paradigms you describe, production v client-based and we are definitely stuck in the first.
You mention a "disconnected feeling when online forms too great a component" and preferring to "look them in the eye". I hear those types of comments a lot and they form the basis for my argument, that people have a lingering discomfort with online interactions, that is hard to overcome.
And I think to a large part, for students and staff, this is because our current offerings…
Read moreMark Smithers
logged in via Twitter
Completely agree with Jane van Hollander on the restrictions on the restrictions to innovation from over regulation.
Completely disagree with her complaint about the shortage of venture capital. Australian universities remain cashed up in my opinion (well the single sector ones anyway), wastage is enormous with large sums of money channelled into misguided and ill thought out new strategic directions led by people the barest grasp of the implications or requirements. Nothing special is required…
Read moreLeigh Blackall
Educational Designer, La Trobe University
Good points Mark. There certainly is a lot of waste in Universities, and large money for some things - like new designer buildings, research centres, and commercial precincts within the campuses... but the tightness around the budgets that relate to developing the innovation that's apparently needed around teaching.. well, we fight over scrappy amounts of less that 10 grand, when we need money for new staff, professional development and rewards and incentives for existing staff. I suppose some work…
Read moreMichael Lenehan
retired
That one of the first problems mentioned here is "the short supply of venture capital" got me going straight away. And reading it over juts now almost made me almost spill my hot cup of ovaltine!"
For us old folks it's hard enough keeping our facebook pages up to scratch but when I got to the line about "MOOCs, badging, portfolios, assessment, and other ways of extracting value and efficiency from the digital learning experience" I almost felt I needed to heat up an extra strong cup of bonox…
Read moreGavin Moodie
logged in via LinkedIn
Australian universities have been offering on line education for decades, for example thru Open Universities Australia, with no apparent difficulty with the Australian qualifications framework, the Tertiary education quality and standards agency, or any other regulatory mechanism. So, what, specifically, is the problem that UNE's Barber and Den Hollander have with current higher education quality assurance?
Mark Smithers
logged in via Twitter
Gavin,
Den Hollander and Barber are complaining because the regulatory framework is geared towards the traditional model of course delivery (and that might be online or offline or blended). It does not lend itself to complete flexibility in course timing, duration, amount of study required and it assumes that students must complete a 'course' before being capable of being assessed. The regulatory frameworks are indeed based on late twentieth century thinking.
Incidentally you are right in observing…
Read moreGavin Moodie
logged in via LinkedIn
I still don't understand which AQF or Teqsa requirement restricts universities' flexibility in online programs. Universities may define a subject to be as big or as small as they like, they may offer it whenever they like, and they may assess it whenever they choose, as indeed many universities do.
Shirley Alexander
Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Vice-President (Teaching, Learning & Equity) at University of Technology, Sydney
At his presentation at the University of Melbourne forum 10 days ago, jim Barber cited a number of TEQSA standards as problematic, e.g.:
- partner arrangements - "must have a track record as an educational provider" .. new entrants may not pass this test
- financial - "low or declining revenue per student" ... if MOOCs or partnerships with result in a lower price per student, then this could be considered a risk
- staffing - "reliance on casual staff"
Gavin Moodie
logged in via LinkedIn
Yes, I read a report of those comments. But all the objections I read were speculative.
For example, Teqsa's risk framework provides that risk may be increased by 'Significant reliance on third parties to deliver courses domestically'. First, 'deliver' in this context means 'teach', and I think it appropriate that Teqsa would increase the risk rating of institutions which deliver thru a third party which is not primarily educational. But this risk can be displaced by evidence and argument.
It is appropriate for Teqsa to consider low or declining revenue per student a risk, particularly for institutions with marginal financial viability. But this concern can readily be met by showing lower costs per student.
Likewise, an excessive reliance on casual staff increases the risk of failures of quality and standards, but an institution could readily demonstrate that it had induction, protocols and monitoring that reduced this risk.
Alexander Hayes
logged in via Twitter
Don't go forgetting the mobile variants either - http://mobimooc.wikispaces.com/a+MobiMOOC+hello!