• BSc Zoology, Botany University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg 1974
• BSc (Hons) Zoology University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg 1975
• MSc (cum laude) Ichthyology University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg 1978
• PhD Estuarine Ecology University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg 1983
• DSc Estuarine Ichthyology Rhodes University, Grahamstown 2011