My research focuses on understanding the driving mechanisms of polar vortices in 'unusual' climates, using Mars’ annular polar vortex as a primary example. I use the modelling framework Isca to explore the impact of changing planetary parameters and radiative forcing on polar vortices, and I am also using Martian reanalysis data to explore the variability in the vortex. I'm also interested in polar vortices and atmospheric circulation on exoplanets - using a combination of theory and modelling to develop our understanding.