Gustavo de Carvalho is a Research Fellow at the Institute for Global African Affairs at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. He is also a Senior Researcher at the African Governance and Diplomacy Programme at the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA). With more than 15 years of experience in Africa, he previously worked with several international organisations and think tanks, including the United Nations in Guinea-Bissau, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), and the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). He has published widely in academic journals, book chapters, policy briefs and media. Gustavo holds an MSc in African Studies from the University of Oxford and a bachelor’s in International Relations from the University of Brasilia.