Ramos Emmanuel Mabugu is currently professor of economics at Sol Plaatje University in South Africa. Mabugu earned his PhD in economics from Gothenburg University. He has written widely on economics and economic policy in leading academic economic journals, books and the popular press. He has been a consultant for many international organisations as well as advising governments on economic matters. Prior to joining Sol Plaatje University, Mabugu headed the research and policy division at the Financial and Fiscal Commission, and lectured at the universities of Pretoria and Zimbabwe. He started his early career as a banker with Standard Bank.