Local fishermen’s boats moor at Somaliland’s Berbera port.
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If the international reactions are anything to go by, Ethiopia’s Red Sea port deal is easier said than done.
Demonstrators in Somalia protest news of a Red Sea deal between Ethiopia and Somaliland in January 2024.
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Ethiopia has maintained strong ties with Somaliland since the 1980s when it supported a rebel movement in the breakaway region.
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International law provides pathways for landlocked countries to access the sea but this depends almost entirely on striking deals with neighbours.
Djibouti is the main port for all foreign aid going to Ethiopia.
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Lack of sea access has constrained Ethiopia’s ability to cater for its large population.
Berbera port consumes a lot of energy while most city dwellers lack affordable electricity.
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Berbera’s plans for development, including modernisation of its seaport and airport, as well as the special economic zone, all depend on availability and affordability of energy.
Bosaso has become a major export hub since security improved in Somalia’s Puntland region.
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A modern port raises Puntland’s stake within the fragmented political landscape of Somalia and prevents traders from seeking alternatives.
Dubai-based port operator DP World and the Government of Somaliland, opened a container terminal at Berbera Port in June 2021. Photo by ED RAM/AFP via
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The project promises improved living condition for citizens and fosters ambition for international recognition.